Iphrofayela yangemuva yeFidel Castro

UFidel Castro Ruz wazalwa ngo-Agasti 13, 1926, esitshalweni soshukela empumalanga eCuba, indodana yomnikazi wesigodi waseSpain kanye nenceku yasendlini. Isikhulumi esinamandla nesibindi, ngokushesha wabonakala njengomunye wabaholi emnyangweni okhulayo olwa nobudlova kaFulgencio Batista.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950, uMnu. Castro wayehola ibutho elikhulu lamagandlala aseSierra Leone eSierra Maestra, engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwe. Ukunqotshwa kwamabutho kaBatista kwafika ngoJanuwari 1959, futhi ama-guerrillas akhe anqobayo, abaningi babo abezinwele futhi begqoke izidumbu, bahamba baya eHaana.Ukunqoba kwakhe nokuncintisana kwakhe emnothweni waseCuban wabanjwa. Ngokushesha waqondisa leli zwe ekubhekaneni nobukhomanisi - ukuhlanganisa amapulazi nokuvuselela amabhange kanye nezimboni, kuhlanganise nezakhiwo ezingaphezu kwezingu-R6 billion zama-US. Ukukhululeka kwezombusazwe kwamiswa futhi abagxeki bakahulumeni bavalelwa. UCrank Calzon, isishoshovu se-pro-demokrasi yaseCuban, uthi iningi labo abalandeli bakhe besikhathi esisodwa ladumazeka futhi babalekela lesi siqhingi. "Ungumuntu owenza izithembiso eziningi kubantu baseCuban." Abantu baseCuban bazobe benenkululeko, bebe nohulumeni othembekile, "kusho uCalzon. "Bazobuyela emuva kumthethosisekelo," kusho uCalzon. "Esikhundleni salokho, lokho abanikeze kwaba uhlobo lukahulumeni lukaStalinist." Mnu. I-Castro yakhuthaza ubudlelwane obuseduze neSoviet Union, inqubomgomo eyabeka iCubha ngenkambo yokushayisana ne-United States. IWashington yabeka i-Cuba embargo e-Cuba ngo-1960 futhi yaqeda ubudlelwane bombuso ekuqaleni kuka-1961. Ngo-Ephreli walowo nyaka, ama-United States ahlomile futhi aqondisa ukuhlasela okungalungile kwabathunjiwe baseCuba, okwahluleka kalula e-Bay of Pigs. Ngonyaka owodwa kamuva, iCuba yayisemkhatsini wezingxabano phakathi kukaWashington noMoscow ngokubekwa kwemikhosi yenukliya yaseSoviet esiqhingini. Impi yenukliya yavinjelwa kancane.Ngemva kokuhlukunyezwa kwe-missile yaseCuban, uMnu. Castro wakha amabutho akhe ahlomile futhi wathumela amabutho akhe emhlabeni wonke ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zamaHlathi eCold War, njenge-Angola. Wabuye wasekela ukunyakaza kwama-guerrilla ase-Latin America ngawo-1960 nangama-70 emzamweni wokusabalalisa ubukhomanisi kuleli zwe. Isibalo se-US kanye noCuba uchwepheshe uWaymin Smith uthi izenzo zikaMnu Castro zashintsha iCuba ibe ngumdlali wamazwe ngamazwe. "Ngicabanga ukuthi uzokhunjulwa njengomholi owabeka iKuba kumephu yomhlaba," kusho uSmith. "Ngaphambi kweCroatia, iCuba yayibhekwa njengento ye-republic yaseBhanana. Akuzange kubhekane nanoma yini ezombusazwe zomhlaba." Ngokuqinisekile uChrostro washintsha konke lokho, futhi ngokuzumayo uCuba wayidlala indima enkulu emhlabeni wonke, e-Afrika njengomlingani weSoviet Union, e-Asia, futhi ngokuqinisekile eLatin America. "Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uMnu. Castro wabeka uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwempilo nolwazi oluphakamisa iCuba phakathi kwezizwe eziphezulu ezweni elikhulayo ukuze lifunde izinga eliphezulu lokufunda nokubhala kanye nokufa kwezingane eziphansi. Lezi zinhlelo ziphumelele kakhulu ngenxa yokusekelwa kwezimali eMoscow. Ngesikhathi iSoviet Union yawa ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, iCuba yayithole imali engamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-6 ngonyaka enkampanini yeSoviet.Lezi mpumelelo enhlalakahle yezenhlalakahle zafika ezindlekweni zamalungelo abantu kanye nentando yeningi. Abaxoshiwe baphonswa ejele kanti labo ababephikisana nabo babevame ukuhlaselwa yizinhlangano zikahulumeni. "UFidel Castro wagcina amandla ngenxa yokwesaba, ngokusebenzisa amaphoyisa amfihlo, ngokusebenzisa ukuphathwa kwamandla ezombusazwe, njengoStalin enza noma nje nje ngoHitler," kusho uCalzon. Ukunyamalala kwama-Soviet asekuqaleni kwawo-1990 kwashaya iCuba ibe nokucindezeleka okukhulu futhi waphoqeleka uhulumeni ukuba enze ezinye izinguquko zomnotho ezinqunyelwe, njengokubhalisa ukusetshenziswa kwedola nokuvumela amabhizinisi amancane asesebenza njengezindawo zokudlela. Kodwa uMnu. Castro waphikisana ngisho nalezi zinyathelo ezincane ezibhekele ohlelweni lwemakethe yamahhala futhi wagxila phansi ngenkathi isimo sezomnotho esisheshayo sesiphelile. Usola izinkinga zezomnotho eCuba embargo yokuhweba yase-US futhi wayevame ukuhola imihlangano yokulwa ne-American e-Havana ukuphikisa i-United States. Eminyakeni yakhe edlule, uMnu. Castro wakhulisa ubungane obuqinile nokubambisana nomongameli waseVenezuela, u-Hugo Chavez. Bonke, la madoda amabili asebenza ukulwa nomthelela we-US eLatin America - futhi aphumelela ekuthuthukiseni imizwa yokulwa namaMelika kule ndawo .Isazi esithile saseCuba, uThomas Paterson weYunivesithi yaseConnecticut, siqhathanisa noMnu. Castro nomholi waseChina uMao Zedong, futhi ukholelwa ukuthi uzokhunjulwa ngale ndlela. "Ngicabanga ukuthi uzokhunjulwa njengoba uMao Zedong ekhunjulwa e-China njengomuntu owachitha uhlelo olukhohlakeleyo, olunobushiqela, obonisa ukuthi uhlanga lwakhe luphi," kusho uPaterson. . "Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba kunjalo ne-Chinese critic of Mao namuhla, kuyoba nokugxekwa ngaye njengombhali, ukucindezeleka nokubeka imihlatshelo engafanele kubantu baseCuba."