Ama-rugs e-Zapotec woboya ngenye yezandla ezithandwa ngezandla zokuthenga eMexico. Uzozithola zithengiswe ezitolo kulo lonke elaseMexico futhi ngaphandle kwezwe, kodwa indawo engcono kakhulu yokuzithenga i-Oaxaca, lapho ungavakashela khona ama-studio asekhaya wokulondoloza imindeni futhi ubone wonke umsebenzi onzima owenza lokhu imisebenzi yobuciko. Amanothi amaningi ase-Oaxacan nama-tapestries akhiwe eTeotitlan del Valle, idolobhana elingamakhilomitha angu-30 empumalanga ye- Oaxaca City .
Leli dolobha labantu abangaba ngu-5000 lizuze ngokufanele udumo lomhlaba wonke ngokukhiqizwa kwamagundane we-wool kanye nama-tapestries.
Kunezinye izindawo ezimbalwa zokuthunga e-Oaxaca, njengeSanta Ana del Valle. Abavakashi base-Oaxaca abanesithakazelo sokuvakashela izitshalo zokugqoka kanye nokuthenga ama-rugs kufanele bavakashele lezi zemizana ukuze babone indlela yokwenza imigwaqo kuqala. Abaningi bezakhamuzi zalezi zindawo zaseZapotec bakhuluma ulimi lweZapotec kanye neSpanishi, futhi baye balondoloza amasiko abo nemikhosi yabo.
Umlando we-Zapotec Weaving
Umzana waseTeotitlan del Valle unomkhuba omude wokuthungatha owezinsuku ze-Prehispanic. Kuyaziwa ukuthi abantu baseZapotec baseTeotitlan bahlonipha ama-Aztec ngempahla eboshwe, nakuba ukukhishwa kwaleso sikhathi kwakuhluke kakhulu nanamuhla. EmaMelika lasendulo kwakungekho izimvu, ngakho ayikho uboya; iningi lezingubo zenziwe ngekotoni. Amathuluzi okuhweba ayehluke kakhulu, ngoba kwakungekho amasondo ahambayo noma i-tapestle ephuma eMesoamerica yasendulo .
Iningi lezingubo zenziwa e-backstrap loom, esasetshenziswa namuhla kwezinye izindawo.
Lapho kufika abaseSpain, inqubo yokugaya ishintshwe. AbaseSpain beletha izimvu, ngakho-ke ama-weavings ayengenziwa ngeboya, isondo eligijima lavumela ukuthi uhlamvu luqhutshwe ngokushesha futhi u-loft loom wavumela ukuba kudalwe izingcezu ezinkulu kunokwenzeka ukuthi zenzeke emhlane.
Inqubo
Iningi lamagundane aseZapotec lenziwe ngoboya, nge-cotp warp, nakuba amanye amafibhe asetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile. Kunezinye izingcezu ezikhethekile kakhulu eziboshwe ngesilika. Abanye abakhiqizi bebelokhu bezama ukufaka izinpaphe emagqumeni abo oboya, befaka amasu athile asendulo.
Abagqoki beTeotitlan del Valle bathenga uboya emakethe. Izimvu zikhuphuka phezulu ezintabeni, endaweni yaseMixteca Alta, lapho izinga lokushisa lilukhuni futhi uboya bukhula. Bahlanza uboya ngezimpande ezibizwa ngokuthi i- amole ( isisipuni isitshalo noma i-soaproot), insipho yemvelo enomunyu kakhulu futhi, ngokusho kwabakhiqizi bendawo, isebenza njenge-insecticide yemvelo, egcina izilokazane zisuke.
Lapho uboya behlanzekile futhi bomile, lukhawulwe ngesandla, bese luhlungwa ngesondo elijikelezayo. Khona-ke lidaywe.
Ama-Dyes anemvelo
Ngawo-1970 kwakukhona ukubuyiselwa kokusebenzisa imibala yemvelo ngokufa kweboya. Ezinye zemithombo yezitshalo zisebenzisa zona zihlanganisa ama-marigolds aphuzi ne-orange, i-lichen for imifino, amagobolondo e-pecan for brown, ne-mesquite omnyama. Lezi zindawo zitholiwe. Imibala ethengiwe ihlanganisa i-cochineal ye-reds ne-purples ne-indigo ye-blue.
I-cochineal ibhekwa njengombala obaluleke kakhulu.
Inikeza amathoni ahlukahlukene ama-reds, ama-purples, nama-oranges. ledayi yayiyigugu kakhulu ezikhathini zobuKoloni lapho kubhekwa "igolide elibomvu" futhi yathunyelwa eYurophu lapho ngaphambili kwakungazange kube khona amadayi abomvu okuhlala njalo, ngakho-ke kwakubaluleke kakhulu. Isetshenziselwa ukufaka imibala yombutho waseBrithani "ama-redcoats". Kamuva esetshenziselwa izimonyo nokubala kokudla. Ezikhathini zobukoloni, yayisetshenziselwa kakhulu indwangu yokufa. Waqoqa amasonto ahlotshisiwe a-Oaxaca njengeSanto Domingo .
Imiklamo
Imiklamo yendabuko isekelwe emaphethini e-Pre-Hispanic, njengamaphethini we-geometric "ama-grecas" endaweni yaseMitla yokuvubukula, kanye nedayimani yaseZapotec. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinkampani zanamuhla ezitholakala, kufaka phakathi ukukhiqizwa kwemisebenzi yobuciko abaculi abadumile njengoGeorge Rivera, Frida Kahlo, nokuningi.
Ukunquma izinga
Uma ubheka ukuthenga amathimba we-Zapotec woboya, kufanele uhlale ukhumbule ukuthi ikhwalithi yama-rugs ihluka kakhulu. Intengo isekelwe hhayi nje ngobukhulu, kodwa futhi isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi nesakhiwo jikelele socezu. Kunzima ukutshela ukuthi umgudu uhlotshiswe ngamanisi wemvelo noma amakhethini. Ngokuvamile, ama-synthetic dyes akhiqiza amathoni amaningi. Umgogodla kufanele ube nezintambo ezingu-20 ngamasentimitha angu-20, kepha ama-tapestries aphezulu aphezulu azoba nokuningi. Ukuqina kwe-weave kuqinisekisa ukuthi umgudu uzogcina umumo wayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ikhwalithi elihle lekhwalithi kufanele lilale phansi futhi libe nemiphetho eqondile.