Igama elithi iMesoamerica lisuselwa esiGriki futhi lisho ukuthi "Middle America." Libhekisela endaweni yendawo nendawo yamasiko esukela enyakatho yeMexico kuze kufike e-Central America, kuhlanganise nendawo esakhiwe manje emazweni aseGuatemala, eBelize, eHonduras nase-El Salvador. Ngakho-ke kubonakala njengengxenye eNyakatho Melika, futhi ihlanganisa ingxenye enkulu ye-Central America.
Imiphakathi eminingi ebalulekile yasendulo yasungulwa kule ndawo, kubandakanya ama-Olmec, amaZapotecs, amaTeotihuacanos, amaMeya namaAztec.
Lezi zizwe zakha imiphakathi eyinkimbinkimbi, zafinyelela amazinga aphezulu ekuziphendukeni kwezobuchwepheshe, zakhiwe ukwakha okuvelele, futhi zabelwana ngemicabango eminingi yamasiko. Nakuba lesi sifundazwe sihluke kakhulu ngokwemvelo, i-biology kanye namasiko, imiphakathi yasendulo eyathuthuka eMesoamerica yabelana ngezici ezithile kanye nezici ezijwayelekile, futhi yayikukhulumisana njalo lapho kuthuthukiswa khona.
Izici ezabelwana ngemiphakathi yasendulo yaseMesoamerica:
- ukudla okuncike emanzini, ubhontshisi kanye ne-squash
- izinkolelo ezifanayo zemvelaphi
- uhlelo lwekhalenda
- izinhlelo zokubhala
- umdlalo webhola owenziwe ngebhola le-rubber
- imikhuba yenkolo yokufaka igazi nokuzidela
Kukhona nokuhlukahluka okukhulu phakathi kwamaqembu akhiwa ngaphakathi eMesoamerica, ngezilimi ezahlukene, amasiko, namasiko.
Isikhathi seMesoamerica:
Umlando weMesoamerica uhlukaniswe ngezikhathi ezintathu ezinkulu. Abavubukuli baphula lezi zingxenye ezincane, kepha ngokuqonda okujwayelekile, lezi zintathu yizona eziyinhloko zokuziqonda.
Isikhathi se- Pre-Classic siqala kusukela ngo-1500 BC kuya ku-200 AD Phakathi nalesi sikhathi kwaba nokuhlanzwa kwezinqubo zezolimo ezivumela abantu abakhulu, ukuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi kanye nokuqashwa kwezenhlalo okudingekayo ukuze imiphakathi ithuthuke. Impucuko ye-Olmec , ebizwa ngezinye izikhathi ngokuthi "isiko lomama" waseMesoamerica, ithuthukiswe ngalesi sikhathi.
Isikhathi esiyingqayizivele , kusukela ngo-200 kuya ku-900 AD, sabona ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhungo ezinkulu zasemadolobheni ngokugxila kwamandla. Amanye ala mizi emikhulu yasendulo ahlanganisa i- Monte Alban e-Oaxaca, eTeotihuacan enkabeni yeMexico nasezikhungweni zaseMayan zaseThikal, ePalenque naseCopan. I-Teotihuacan ingenye yama-metropoles amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni ngaleso sikhathi, futhi ithonya layo lalisakazwa kakhulu kweMesoamerica.
Isikhathi se- Post-Classic , kusukela ngo-900 AD kuya ekufikeni kwabaseSpain ekuqaleni kwawo-1500s, sabonakala ngamadolobha futhi kugcizelela kakhulu impi nokuzidela. Endaweni yamaMaya, iChichén Itza yayiyisikhungo esikhulu sezombangazwe nezomnotho, nasendaweni ephakathi. Ema-1300, ngasekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, ama-Aztec (abuye abizwe ngokuthi iMexica) avela. Ama-Aztec ngaphambili ayeyizizwe ezingamanye amazwe, kodwa ahlala enkabeni yeMexico futhi asungula inhloko-dolobha yaseTenochtitlan ngo-1325, futhi ngokushesha yaqala ukubusa iningi lamaMesoamerica.
Okuningi mayelana neMesoamerica:
I-Mesoamerica ivame ukuhlukaniswa ezindaweni eziyisihlanu ezihlukene: eNtshonalanga Mexico, e-Central Highlands, e-Oaxaca, esifundeni seGulf naseMaya.
Igama elithi Mesoamerica laqala ukuhlanganiswa nguPaul Kirchhoff, isazi sezwe saseJalimane nesiMexico, ngo-1943.
Incazelo yakhe yayisekelwe emkhawulweni wezwe, ukubunjwa kohlanga, kanye nezici zenkambiso ngesikhathi sokunqoba. Igama elithi Mesoamerica lisetshenziswe kakhulu yi-anthropologists yamasiko kanye nabavubukuli, kodwa kuyasiza kakhulu izivakashi eMexico ukuba zijwayele lapho zizama ukuqonda ukuqonda ukuthi i-Mexico ithuthukiswe kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.