Yazi I-Passage Yakho noma Amathuna Amadlelo, ama-Raths, ama-Cashels nama-Crannogs
Lapho uvakashela i-Ireland ungase udideke - yikuphi umehluko phakathi kwetumbi lokugubha kanye ncwaba lokungena? Iyini inkinga? Futhi nini lapho isiqhingi sine-crannog ? Futhi i- Fianna kanye namafairies afaneleka kuphi?
Ake ngikusize ngezinye izincazelo eziyisisekelo, zihlelwe ngamagama alfabhethi:
I-Cairns
Kuthiwa cishe i-cairn iyinqwaba eyakhiwe ngamatshe. I-Queen Maeve's Grave ngaphezulu kwe-Knocknarea (ngaseSligo) iyisibonelo esihle.
Lapha empeleni asiyazi ukuthi i-cairn iqinile noma ithuna.
Ama-Cashels
Ama-Cashels ngokuyinhloko aphethwe ngamatshe amakhulu. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuthatha isimo sezingqwembe zobumba kanye nomgodla wangaphandle kanye nodonga lomhlaba ongaphakathi, okuqoshwe ngodonga olwengeziwe lwamatshe. Lokhu kungase kube isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sesifuba noma ukwakhiwa okukhulu.
Amathuna enkantolo
Ukuqala kokuqala cishe ku-3 500 BC yizi (ngokuvamile) amathuna afana nenyanga aphethe "igceke" phambi komnyango. Leli gceke lalibizwa ngokuthi lisetshenziselwa amasiko, noma ngesikhathi sokungcwaba noma ngezikhathi zemikhosi.
I-Crannógs
I-Crannógs yiziqhumane eziqhingini ezincane eduze kolwandle - inqaba ifana nesayizi esiqhingini, bobabili bavame ukuxhunyaniswa nezwe elincane ngebhuloho elincane noma umgwaqo. Isiqhingi singase senziwe ngokwemvelo noma ngokwemvelo (noma sande). Njengomthetho isiyingi esingaphezu kwesiqhingi singase sibe yinto engcono kakhulu.
I-Dolmens
I-Dolmens yizinsalela ezingabonakali zamathuna angaphakathi. I-dolmen eyaziwa kakhulu e-Irish yi-Poulnabrone eBurren .
Ivala
Ngokuvamile noma yini engakwazi ukukhonjwa futhi ifaka ingxenye ye-landscape ibizwa ngokuthi i-enclosure-echazayo kodwa engacacile kakhulu. Okukutshela lokhu ukuthi kukhona isakhiwo esenziwe ngumuntu esingasazi okuningi.
Kungaba ngumkhosi noma wezempi, i-ringfort - umehluko omkhulu ngoba izakhiwo zempi zivame ukuba nomsele ngaphandle kwezindonga ngezizathu ezingokoqobo. Izimpawu zingatholakala futhi ngokubambisana namathuna kanye / noma ama-henges. I-Navan Fort (eduze ne-Armagh) kubonakala sengathi yayiyindawo yokugubha imikhosi, ngakho-ke kwakukhona umhlaba owodwa e- Hill of Tara .
Fairy Hills
Ngemuva kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ukuhamba kwamathuna kanye nezakhiwo ezifanayo kwaphinde kwahunyushwa njengamasango kwezinye izindawo nezindawo zokuhlala zamafairies. Lokhu kungase kuyingxenye ibe yisibonakaliso sezimpawu eziyimfihlakalo eziqoshwe ematje kanye nezinto zokufakelwa ezitholakala emathuneni noma eduze.
Henges
I-Henges imibuthano eyakhiwe ngamatshe noma ngokhuni, inemvelaphi engokwesiko futhi ingase ibe nokuqondanisa kwezinkanyezi noma ukuma komhlaba. Awekho ama-henges ase-Ireland anjenge-Stonehenge eNgilandi.
Amathuna Namabhedi E-Heroes
Ezingxenye ezithile zabhujiswa futhi zingatholakali amathuna, amakamelo avulekile nama dolmens ayevame ukuhunyushwa kabusha ngenxa yezinganekwane zaseCelt - ikakhulukazi umjikelezo we-Fianna. I-Ireland igcwele izakhiwo ezibizwa ngokuthi yizindawo (zokugcina zokugcina) zokuphumula zamaqhawe nabathandi.
Hill Forts
Izintambo zezintaba zingama-ringforts noma izivalo zemikhosi, ezisezintabeni.
Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinqaba zezintaba zihlangene noma zibekwe phezu kwamathuna.
I-Tone Stones
Kutholakale kuphela eTuroe naseCastlestrange, i-La Tène Stones ngokuyinhloko imile ngamatshe anezithombe ezifanayo nalabo bezizwe zaseCelt ezisezweni laseYurophu.
Ley-Lines
"Inkambo endala eqondile" itholakala nase-Ireland futhi - abazingeli abaqashile baye baveza izibonelo ezimbalwa ezinhle. Kodwa njengoba isayensi, umlando ngisho nokukhona kwemigqa ehambayo kuphikiswa ukuthi insimu ivulekile ukuhumusha. Ngokuyinhloko imigqa ye-ley ihlanganisa ukuxhumanisa izindawo ezibalulekile, ukwakha igridi ezweni. Njengoba lezi zilungiso zisekelwe kakhulu ubufakazi obukhuni kunokwakheka kwesimo sezinkanyezi noma ukukhanya kwelanga kwesayithi ngayinye iningi lokuzingela ngokuzumayo liwela ngokushesha ekucabangeni nje.
Ama-Ogham-Amatshe
Amatshe amile aphethe imibhalo e-Ogham-system yasendulo, ulimi olukhethekile olulotshiwe ikakhulukazi olusetshenziswa e-Ireland.
Ngeshwa, imibhalo ngokuvamile imfushane kakhulu futhi ayithandi kakhulu. Amatshe e-Ogham akha "ibhuloho" emkhatsini wezikhathi zangaphambili zomlando nezikhathi zakuqala zamaKristu.
Amathambo okuhamba
Amathuna okuhamba amathuna angamathuna anegama elibonakalayo eliphuma emnyango wokungcwaba. Ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke u-3,100 BC. Omunye wamathuna awaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele nguNewgrange , nakuba i-Knowth esiseduze impela inezingxenye ezimbili. Amathuna afana nalawa amabili noma amathuna asemqoka e-Loughcrew ngokuvamile anezinto ezimangalisayo zesayensi yezinkanyezi, ikakhulukazi ukulungiswa kwelanga. Ukulungiswa kwemvelo kubonakala kuCarrowmore.
Amathuna asePortal
Amathuna asePortal akhiwe ngamatshe amathathu (ngezinye izikhathi ngaphezulu) amakhulu, ethwala isikhumba esikhulu kakhulu. Ibukeka njenge-portal. I-slab yokumboza ingaba ngamathani angama-100 ngesisindo futhi ifake uphahla lwekamelo. Amangcwaba amaningi angena emachwebeni akhiwe phakathi kuka-3 000 no-2,000 BC.
Amandla okukhuthaza
Lezi zindwangu ezisezintanjeni, ohlangothini olulodwa "lwendandatho" ngokuvamile luhlanganisa amawashi amakhulu. Iziqhingi zase-Aran zinamatshe amakhulu kakhulu alolu hlobo, ikakhulukazi iDun Aonghasa.
Izintambo
Izintambo ziyizintambo ezakhiwe ikakhulukazi emgodini nodonga lomhlaba - okokugcina kuvame ukuphakama ngamapulangwe.
I-Ringforts
Noma yisiphi isisindo esiyinkimbinkimbi esivela ezikhathini zangaphambi kwesikhathi esibizwa ngokuthi i-ringfort - raths, cashels, ama-forts kanye nama-cashels yizibonelo. Ukwahlukana phakathi kwezinsimbi zokuzivikela (nokuzivikela) kanye nemikhawulo (ukugubha) akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi njengoba bobabili basebenzisa izindonga nemifula. Inqaba ngokuvamile iyoba nomgodini ngaphandle kodonga ukwenza izinto zibe nzima ukuhlasela izitha.
Souterrains
I-Souterrains iyimishini yokugcina, amavesi angaphansi komhlaba adalwe eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala futhi akholelwa ukuthi asetshenziswe njengezindawo zokugcina, izindawo zokufihla kanye nemizila yokubalekela. Ezinye zivela eduze kwamathuna afana neDowth (ngaseBru Bru na Boinne ), okuholela ekudidekeni okukhulu phakathi kwabadala.
Amatshe amisiwe
Amatshe agxile ama-monolithe azinikezele wona noma ayingxenye ye-henge. Ngokubambisana namathuna, izivalo noma izici zemvelo ngisho namatshe okuma ngasese kungase kube nokuqondana kwezinkanyezi, ukukhanya kwelanga noma ukuma komhlaba. Amanye amatshe amile ayekwakhiwa ngenjongo yokusebenza, nakuba-njengokugxeka izikhala zezinkomo.
Amathuna asondeza
Amathuna wedala afana kakhulu namathuna enkantolo - empeleni abukeka amathuna enkantolo. Okuholela ekuboneni "komgqa", ngakho igama. Idume kusukela ku-2,000 BC.