Ungakanani ngempela owaziyo nge- Golden Gate Bridge ethandwa kakhulu futhi edumile emhlabeni wonke? Okokuqala, yiyona ibhuloho eningi kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngenye yezimangaliso eziyisikhombisa zobunjiniyela be-US, ngokusho kwe-American Society of Civil Engineers. Ngokumangalisayo, lakhiwa ngenkathi ukucindezeleka okukhulu kugcwele imali yangasese (izibopho).
Kodwa kunamaqiniso amaningi amnandi ukuze afunde.
Nazi ezinye izibhamu oziphonsa engxoxweni ye-cocktail ukuze ubonise iSan Francisco yakho i- neis quoi .
UMLANDO WAKHO
Igama : Ibhuloho libizwa ngegama elincane, hhayi umbala walo. Ivula abantu bebize ingxenye yethu encane yezulu "igolide" iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-150 manje. Ngena eSan Francisco Bay ePacific ngo-1864, isikhulu se-US Army nomhloli wamazwe uJohn C. Frémont sabiza ngokuthi i-strait Chrysopylae. Bet ungaqagela lokho okuhunyushwa ku: Isango legolide.
Umbala : I-Orange Yomhlaba wonke, i-hue eyaziwayo yebhuloho, empeleni imidwebo yokuqala. U-Irving Morrow, umklami ozobonisana nomsebenzi waqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu wase-Orange International wayengcono kunezinye iziphakamiso ezimbili: izigqoko eziphuzi nezimnyama (okuthandwa yi-US Navy) noma imidwebo ebomvu nemhlophe (i-US Army Corps). Ngiyabonga Irving Morrow, ngiyabonga.
Imali: Ngokuvamile, amaphrojekthi omphakathi anjengalokhu athole izimali ezivela kuhulumeni nohulumeni, kulungile?
Zama ukwenza lokhu phakathi noKuCindezela okukhulu. Esikhundleni salokho, abavoti baseSan Francisco babeka amakhaya abo emgqeni futhi bavota ukudlula u-$ 35 million * ngezibopho ezibhekiswe kulo msebenzi. Ngaphezulu nakakhulu, iSan Francisco-based Bank of America kamuva yathenga lezo zibopho futhi yabe isesekela ngemali yonke le phrojekthi.
Hhayi kahle ukuthi amaphrojekthi omphakathi ayenziwa kanjani namuhla.
* Kubiza u-$ 35 million ukwakha ibhuloho ngawo-1930. Lokhu kungu-$ 58 billion namuhla. Ah, umbono.
$ 11 :: Imali ephakeme kunazo zonke yansuku zonke (ngo-dollar) eyayikhokhwa ukuze ibhubhe abasebenzi. Lokho kungase kubonakale njengesamba esincane, kodwa kumahora anamuhla kungaba ngu-$ 180.
11 :: Isibalo sabasebenzi abashonile ekwakheni ibhuloho-ephansi, uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga embonini ngaleso sikhathi, okusho ukuthi kufanele ulindele ukukhipha isisebenzi kuwo wonke ama-dollar asetshenziswe kule phrojekthi.
I-Halfway eya eHollin Club: Iqembu labasebenzi abangu-19 abazolahlekelwa yizimpilo zabo uma bekungesiyo inetha lokuphepha elakhiwe yinjiniyela omkhulu. Kwakuyisambulo ekwenzeni ukuphepha kokwakhiwa ngaleso sikhathi. Noma kunjalo akuyona iqembu ofuna ukuyingxenye yalo.
9 :: Isikhundla samanje se-Golden Gate Bridge ohlwini lwamabhuloho omisiwe kakhulu emhlabeni. Lapho ivuliwe ngo-1937, yayinguNo. 1. Yahlala kuze kube yilapho iVerrazano-Narrows Bridge eNew York ivulwa ngo-1964. Namuhla yiBhuloho le-Akashi-Kaikyo eJapane, elakhiwa ngo-1998.
IZINGXENYE
Amamitha angu-746 :: Ukuphakama kwemibhoshongo yeGold Gate Bridge, nakuba ingavela ngisho nide kakhulu ngoba ihlanganisiwe.
Amamitha angu-400 :: Ukujula kwesiteshi ngaphansi kwesikhala.
Amamitha angu-16 :: Ukuphakama ukuthi umgwaqo wesibhuloho ungadlulela phezulu.
* I-span yahlelwa ngokuphelele ngo-1987. Abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amathathu baqhutshwa ebhuloho ukugubha iminyaka engu-50. Kwaphela kuphela amamitha angu-7, ayikho i-biggie.
OKUNGENYE:
Umshwalense: Ngo-2012, i-Golden Gate Bridge yavala izindlu zabo zokukhokha futhi yaphoqelela bonke abahamba ngebhuloho ukuba bahambe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngabe kusho ukuthini ngempela? Izimoto nge-Fastrak nje umoya oshisayo. Uma ungenayo Fastrak? Ungakhathazeki, umthethosivivinywa uyathunyelwa ngeposi. Yebo, ngandlela-thile bavele bazi.
Izimpondo zomswakama: Ngosuku olumangalisa, ungase uzwe izimpondo eziqhuma ezicacile ngaphesheya kwedolobha. Lokho kuzoba yizimpondo zezinkungu ze-Golden Gate Bridge, ezifakiwe ukusiza ukuthumela umgwaqo ukuhamba ngesiteshi esivumelwaneni esinamandla. Ngalunye uphondo lwezinkungu lunomdwebo ohlukile, olufunda emidlalweni yama-radar yemikhumbi ukuze bazi ukuthi bahlale ngakwesokudla noma ngakwesobunxele emibhoshongweni.
123,000 :: Inombolo yendiza eyahamba phakathi kukaMarin neSan Francisco ngaphambi kokuba kuhlanganiswe isikhala.
Izigidi ezingu-40 :: Inombolo yezimoto ezihamba ngaphesheya kwebhuloho minyaka yonke.
11 Amabhayisikobho ezenziwe eminyakeni emihlanu edlule eye yabhubhisa iSan Francisco. I-Hollywood ithanda ukusisitha. Asikwazi ukuphikisana. Yenza i-blockbuster enhle. Kodwa iSango legolide libonakala libheke phambili. Kusukela ngokuhamba ngokudalwa yizidalwa zasePacific Rim ukuze kugonywe yi-tsunami enkulu eSan Andreas, kuye kwaba nezinhlekelele eziningi. Into enhle ibhuloho cishe lingenakonakala.
* Sisebenzise imali eyizigidi ezingama-660 ngokuphindaphindiwe kusukela ngo-1997.
Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 2016 yi-SF Travel Expert yamanje, u-Annie Tittiger.