Izinhlanzi zasolwandle, ezibizwa nangokuthi izinhlanzi zasolwandle, ziye zadlula izinhlekelele zemvelo, ukukhuphuka nokubhujiswa kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezinjengama-dinosaurs, kodwa manje zibhekene nokuqothulwa kusukela kwesidalwa esikhulu kunazo zonke: umuntu.
Kunezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zezinhlanzi zasolwandle emhlabeni jikelele, bonke bahlanganyela okuningi imijikelezo nempilo efanayo, nakuba izici zihlukile.
Izinhlobo ezimakwe ngezansi ngesibindi yizo ezitholakala eLatin America.
Izindawo zabo zendawo ezivela eCentral America, eduze kwamazwe afudumele ePacific naseCaribbean phansi kwe-Atlantic kuze kube seBrazil nase-Uruguay. Kukhona ama-turtles aluhlaza e-archipagos yaseGalapagos, kodwa ungawafuthani nge-torque ezinkulu.
Kukhona imizamo yokuvikela nokulondoloza ukugcina izimfudu. E-Uruguay, uhlelo lweKarumbé lube luqaphele izindawo ezimbili zokuthuthukisa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlanzi ezincane ezincane (Chelonia mydas) iminyaka emihlanu. E-Panama, i-Chiriquí Beach, iPanama Hawksbill Tracking Project iyingxenye yeCaribbean Conservation Corporation ne-Sea Turtle Survival League.
Ezintathu zezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zengozini enkulu:
- I-Hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata)
Igama elivamile: I-Hawksbill - ebizwa ngekhanda layo elincane kanye ne-hawk-like beak.Igama lesayensi: Eretmochelys imbricata
Incazelo: I-hawksbill ingenye yezinhlanzi ezincane zasolwandle. Inhloko imincane futhi inezinhlangothi ezimbili ze-prefrontal esikali (izikali phambi kwamehlo ayo). Umswakama awufakiwe. I-Carapace ibhonasi ngaphandle kwama-ridge futhi inezikhala ezinkulu, ngaphezulu-lapping (izikali) ezikhona futhi ezinezingxube ezine ze-lateral. I-Carapace isimo esiphezulu. Amapulangwe anezinhlamvu ezimbili. I-carapace i-orange, i-brown noma i-yellow and hatchlings iningi elibomvu nemibhobho ephaphathekile.
Usayizi: Abantu abadala bangamamitha amabili kuya kwangu-3 ubude be-carapace (76-91 cm).
Isisindo: Abantu abadala bangaba nesisindo esiphakathi kwamakhilogremu angu-100 kuya kwangu-150.
Ukudla: Inhloko encane ye-Hawksbill efana nomlotha ivumela ukuba ithole ukudla kusuka emigodini yemifula ye-coral. Badla izimpungushe, i-anemones, i-squid nama-shrimp.
Indawo yokuhlala: Ngokuvamile itholakala emadwaleni angasogwini, izindawo ezinamadwala, izindawo zokuhlala nezindawo zokudoba.
Ukuhlalisa isidleke: Isihlamba ngezikhathi ezinyakazayo ezi-2, 3, noma ngaphezulu. Izinkanyezi eziphakathi kwezikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezingu-4 ngesinye isikhathi. Faka isilinganiso samaqanda angu-160 esihlahleni ngasinye. Amagqabha afakwe ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-60.
Ibanga: Iningi lashisayo kuzo zonke izivunguvungu zasolwandle. Amanzi aseTropical nasezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba ase-Atlantic, Pacific nase-Indian Ocean. "
Ulwazi ngenxa yezingxoxo ze-Hawksbill.
- I-Leatherback (i-Dermochelys coriacea)
Igama elivamile: I-Leatherback - ibizwa ngokuthi igobolondo layo eliyingqayizivele elenziwe ngendwangu yesikhumba esincane, esicindezelayo, esinomfutho wenhlanzi, esiqiniswa yizinkulungwane zamathambo amancane amathambo okwenza kubonakale "isikhumba."
Igama lesayensi: Dermochelys coriacea
Incazelo: Inhloko ine-jaw ephakeme kakhulu ekhonjiwe nge-2 cusps. I-leatherback yiyona kuphela i-tortle yolwandle engenayo igobolondo elinzima. I-carapace yayo inkulu, ihlangene futhi iguquguquke ngezingqimba ezingu-7 ezihlukene ezigijima ubude besilwane. Ihlanganiswe ngendwangu yesikhumba esincane, esicindezelayo, esinomfutho wesikhumba, esiqiniswa yizinkulungwane zamapuleti amancane amathambo, i-carapace ayinayo izikali, ngaphandle kwama-hatchlings. Zonke izinkinobho azikho izinhlanzi. I-carapace ibomvu emnyama noma emnyama ngamachashazi amhlophe noma aphuzi, kuyilapho i-plastron ikhanya kumnyama futhi ibhalwe ngamagquma ayi-5. Ama-hatchlings anezimpawu ezimhlophe ku-carapace.
Usayizi: 4 kuya ku-6 ubude (121-183 cm). Isikhumba esikhulu kunazo zonke esasibhalwe phansi sasingamamitha angaba ngu-305 ukusuka esiqongweni somlomo wayo kuze kube semlenzeni womsila walo futhi silinganiselwe ngamakhilogremu angu-916.
Isisindo: 550 kuya ku-1,545 amakhilogremu (250-700 kg).
Ukudla: I-leatherbacks inezinsipho ezinzima, ezinjenge-scissor. Imisipha yabo yayiyolimaza nganoma yini enye ngaphandle kokudla kwezilwane ezinomzimba ophansi, ngakho-ke bayondla cishe i-jellyfish kuphela. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lesi silwane esikhulu, esisebenzayo singasinda ekudleni kwe-jellyfish, eyakhiwa ikakhulukazi yamanzi futhi ibonakala njengomthombo ompofu wezakhi.
Indawo yokuhlala: Ngokuyinhloko itholakala olwandle oluvulekile, njengasekugcineni enyakatho njenge-Alaska naseningizimu-ntshonalanga njenge-tip eseningizimu ye-Afrika, nakuba ucwaningo lwamuva lwama-satellite oluthile lubonisa ukuthi izikhumba zidla ezindaweni ezikude. Eyaziwa ukuthi isebenza emanzini angaphansi kwama-degrees Fahrenheit angu-40, i-reptile kuphela eyaziwa ukuthi ihlala isebenza ngokushisa okuphansi.
Ukwakha isidleke: Isikhumba ngezikhathi zeminyaka emibili kuya kwemi-3, nakuba ucwaningi lwamuva luveze ukuthi lingahlala esidlekeni minyaka yonke. Izinkanyezi eziphakathi kwezikhathi ezingu-6 kuya kwezi-9 ngonyaka ngamunye, ngezinga eliphakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-10 phakathi kwezinguquko. Ibeka amaqanda ama-80 ahlotshisiwe, ubukhulu bebhodi ye-billiard, namaqanda amancane angama-30, angafakwanga, esihlahleni ngasinye. Amagqabha agubha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-65. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zasolwandle, izikhumba ze-leatherback zingashintsha izikebhe zokudoba, nakuba zivame ukuhlala esifundeni esifanayo.
Ibanga: Ukusatshalaliswe kabanzi kuzo zonke izivunguvungu zasolwandle. Kutholakale emhlabeni kabanzi ngenhla enkulu kakhulu enyakatho naseningizimu yazo zonke izilwane zasolwandle. Njengoba isimo saso somzimba esihlanjululwayo kanye namapulanka amandla angaphambili, isikhumba sesikhumba singakwazi ukugibela izinkulungwane zamamayela phezu kolwandle oluvulekile futhi ngokumelene nezimpande ezisheshayo. "
Ulwazi ngenxa ye-Leatherback Turtles.
- I-Ridley ka-Kemp (Lepidochelys kempii)
Igama elivamile: U-Kemp sika-Kemp obizwa ngo-Kemp ngemuva kukaRichard Kemp, owasiza ekutholeni nasekutadisheni i-tortle. Akekho oqinisekisayo ukuthi kungani kuthiwe i-ridley, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuziphatha okufanayo njengendwangu yomnqumo.Igama lesayensi: Lepidochelys kempii
Incazelo: Inhloko iyingqayizivele futhi iyinxantathu ngobukhulu. I-Carapace ibhonasi ngaphandle kwama-ridges futhi inezikhala ezinkulu, ezingekho-ukuqoqa (izikali) ezikhona. I-Carapace inezinhlaka ezingu-5 ze-lateral futhi iningi kakhulu. Amapulangwe angaphambili ane-claw 1, kanti i-flipper yangemuva ine-claws 1 noma amabili. Abantu abadala bane-carapace eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka omnyama nge-plastron emhlophe noma ephuzi, kuyilapho ama-hatchlings e-black jet.
Ubukhulu: Abantu abadala balinganisa ngamamitha angu-65 (65 cm) ngobude be-carapace.
Isisindo: Abantu abadala balinganisa phakathi kwamakhilogremu angu-77 no-100 (35-45 kg).
Ukudla: Yiba nemisipha enamandla ewasiza ukuba aqede futhi agayile ama-crabs, ama-calms, ama-mussels nama-shrimp. Bafuna nokudla izinhlanzi, ama-urchins olwandle, i-squid ne-jellyfish.
Indawo yokuhlala: Khetha izindawo ezingajulile ezinezitshalo ezinesihlabathi nesidaka.
Ukuhlalisa isidumbu: Isidleke se-rimpys sikaKemp kaningi kunezinye izinhlobo, njalo eminyakeni engu-1 1/2 ngokulinganisa. Bayahlala nezidleke ezivumelanisiwe ezibizwa ngokuthi i-arribadas (iSpanishi "yokufika"). I-ridley yomnqumo kuphela ehlala ngale ndlela. Isidleke se-ridley sika-Kemp 2 izikhathi ezingu-3 isinye isikhathi ngasinye. Babeka isilinganiso samaqanda angu-110 esiqhingini ngasinye futhi amaqanda afakazela cishe izinsuku ezingu-55.
Ibanga: Abantu abadala bancane kakhulu eGulf of Mexico. Amajaji aphakathi kwezindawo zasogwini ezishisayo nezisezingeni elincane elisenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean futhi angatholakala nasenyakatho olusempumalanga ye-United States. "
Ulwazi ngenxa yezingulube ze-Kemp Ridley.
Amathathu ayengozini:
- I-Loggerhead (i-Caretta caretta)
Igama elivamile: i-Loggerhead - ebizwa ngekhanda layo elikhulu kakhulu.Igama lesayensi: Caretta caretta
Incazelo: Inhloko inkulu kakhulu ngemifino eqine kakhulu. I-Carapace iyisibongo ngaphandle kwemigwaqo futhi inezinhlamvu ezinkulu, ezingenakunyakaziswa, ezimbi (izikali) ezikhona nge-5 lateral scute. I-Carapace inesimo senhliziyo Iminyango yamapulangwe ayifushane futhi ilukhuni ngama-claws amabili. Ngenkathi iminyango yangemuva ingaba nezinhlamvu ezimbili noma ezintathu. I-Carapace iyinhlamba ebomvu ne-plastron eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ama-hatchlings ane-carapace enombala obomvu namagqabunga aphuzi emagqabeni.
Usayizi: Ngokuvamile 2.5 kuya kwezingu-3.5 ubude be-carapace (73-107 cm).
Isisindo: I-Adult isisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-159.
Ukudla: Ngokuyinhloko ukudlala futhi kudla ikakhulukazi kwi-shellfish ehlala ngaphansi kolwandle. Badla ama-horsehoe crabs, ama-clams, ama-mussels, namanye ama-invertebrates. Imisipha yawo enamandla yomhlathi iwasiza ukuba aqede kalula i-shellfish.
Indawo yokuhlala: Khetha ukondla ezindaweni ezingasogwini nasezikhungweni zokuhlala, nasemanzini angenalutho emashalofini ase-continental ase-Atlantic, Pacific nase-Indian Ocean.
Ukuhlalisa isidleke: Isihlamba ngezikhathi ezinyakazayo ezi-2, 3, noma ngaphezulu. Bakha izidleke ezingu-4 kuya kwezi-7 ngezikhathi ezithile, phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-12 kuya kwezingu-14. Isilinganiso samaphesenti amaqanda angama-100 kuya kwangu-126 esihlahleni ngasinye. Amagqabha afakwe ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-60.
Ibanga: Kutholakale kuwo wonke amanzi anesimo eshisayo nasemvula emhlabeni jikelele. "
Ulwazi ngenxa yezingxoxo ze-Loggerhead.
- Olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea)
Igama elivamile: I-ridge ye-Olive okuthiwa igobolondo elihlaza okombala omnqumoIgama lesayensi: Lepidochelys olivaceaf
Incazelo: Inhloko isincane kakhulu. I-Carapace ibhonasi ngaphandle kwemigwaqo futhi inezikhala ezinkulu (izikali) ezikhona. I-Carapace inezinhlaka ezingu-6 noma ngaphezulu ze-lateral futhi isicishe ibe yindilinga futhi ibushelelezi. Umzimba wayo ujulile kune-turtle yolwandle e-Kemp's efanayo. Zombili izimbongolo zangaphambili nangemuva zinamacwecwe angu-1 noma amabili avelayo. Ngesinye isikhathi kukhona ihlombe elengeziwe emapulini angaphambili. Amajaji angamalahle amhlophe embala, kuyilapho abantu abadala bebohlaza obumnyama obuhlaza. Ama-hatchlings amnyama uma emanzi enhlangothini eluhlaza.
Usayizi: Abantu abadala bafinyelela ubude obunamamitha amabili kuya kwangu-2,5 (62-70 cm) ubude be-carapace.
Isisindo: Abantu abadala balinganisa phakathi kwamakhilogremu angu-77 no-100 (35-45 kg).
Ukudla: Yiba nemisipha enamandla evumela ukudla okukodwa kwama-crustaceans (njengama-shrimp & crabs), ama-mollusks, ama-tunicates, izinhlanzi, ama-crabs, nama-shrimp.
I-Habitat: Itholakele ngokujwayelekile emagcekeni angasogwini nasezikhungweni zokuhlala, kodwa ingaba yi-oceanic kakhulu kwezinye izingxenye zobubanzi bayo. Zivame ukugudla ogwini emanzini angaphezulu noma zihambele ezinyaweni zamamitha angu-150 ukuzondla kuma-crustaceans angaphansi komhlaba.
Ukwakha isidleke: Isibeletho minyaka yonke ku-arribadas. Izilinganiso izikhathi ezingu-2 ngonyaka ngamunye. Ubeka amaqanda angaphezu kuka-105 esihlahleni ngasinye. Amagqabha agubha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-55. Usayizi we-clutch ungamaqanda angaphezu kuka-110 adinga isikhathi sokukhushulwa ngosuku lwama-52 kuya ku-58.
Ibanga: I-ridley yomnqumo ihlala emanzini ashisayo nasezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba ePacific, Indian and Atlantic Ocean. "
Ulwazi ngenxa yezinguquko ze-Olive Ridley.
- Okuhlaza (i-Chelonia mydas)
Igama elivamile: I-turtle yolwandle oluhlaza - elibizwa ngokuthi umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphansi kwegobolondo layo. (Kwezinye izindawo, i-turtle green yasePacific nayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-black sea turtle.)Igama lesayensi: Chelonia mydas
Incazelo: Bahlukaniswa kalula kwezinye izivunguvungu zasolwandle ngoba banesisindo esisodwa se-prefrontal esikalini (izilinganiso phambi kwamehlo alo), kunokuba kunezimbili ezimbili njengoba ezinye ezinye izinhlanzi zasolwandle zikhona. Inhloko incane futhi ingenangqamuzana nomhlathi omuncu. I-Carapace iyisibongo ngaphandle kwemigwaqo futhi inezinhlayiyana ezinkulu, ezingenakunyakaziswa, izilinganiso (izikali) ezikhona ezinezingxube ezine ze-lateral kuphela. Umzimba ucishe uvunguza futhi ucindezeleke kakhulu (uhlehlisiwe) uma uqhathaniswa namavolumu aluhlaza asePacific. Zonke izinkinobho zinamahlumela angu-1 avelayo. Umbala we-carapace uhluka kusuka emanzini kuya emnyama okwesibhakabhaka omnyama futhi ocacile kuya amathoni aphuzi aphuzi, anombala anombala omnyama anamabala aluhlaza. I-plastron ihlukahluka emhlophe, engcolile emhlophe noma ephuzi e-Atlantic emphakathini kuya emnyama glu-bluish-green kubantu basePacific. Ama-hatchlings anombala omnyama noma omnyama amhlophe angaphansi futhi afakwe emanzini amhlophe.
Uma kuqhathaniswa, i-turtle green yasePacific (i-Aka Black Sea Turtle) inomzimba ophakanyiswe kakhulu noma ovulekile futhi ubheka kancane ngaphesheya kwezinye izinhlanzi zasolwandle oluhlaza. Umbala wilapho ubona umehluko omkhulu kakhulu ngemifino yasePacific ephethe imfucumfucu emnyama kuya kwe-carapace emnyama kanti ama-hatchlings anombala omnyama noma omnyama nomngcele omncane omhlophe nomhlophe ngaphansi.
Usayizi: Abantu abadala bangamamitha amathathu kuya kwangu-4 ubude be-carapace (76-91 cm). I-tortle eluhlaza yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke emndenini we-Cheloniidae. I-tortle enkulu kunazo zonke ezitholakale zithole ubude obungamamitha angu-152 no-871 amakhilogremu (395 kg).
Isisindo: I-Adult isilinganisa phakathi kwamakhilogremu angu-300 kuya kwangu-400 (136-180 kg).
Ukudla: Izinguquko kakhulu phakathi nokuphila kwayo. Uma amasentimitha angaphansi kuka-8 kuya ku-10 ubude adla izibungu, ama-crustaceans amancane, izinambuzane zasemanzini, utshani kanye ne-algae. Uma izinhlanzi eziluhlaza zifinyelela ngamasentimitha angu-8 kuya kwezingu-10 ubude, ikakhulukazi zidla utshani utshani kanye ne-algae, i-turtle ye-sea kuphela ebizwa ngokuthi i-herbvorous njengomuntu omdala. Imifino yabo ifaka kahle futhi ibasiza ekutsheni izimila.
Indawo yokuhlala: Ngokuyinhloko uhlale eduze nogwini kanye naseziqhingini ezizungezile futhi uhlale ezindaweni ezinogwini kanye nezikebhe ezivikelekile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinemibhede yasolwandle. Ngokuvamile ziyabonwa olwandle oluvulekile.
Ukuhlalisa izidleke: Isikhumba se-turtle ezinama-2, 3, noma ngaphezulu, ezinyakazayo ngonyaka ngokushintsha kwenani lamantombazane. Izinkanyezi phakathi kuka-3 kuya ku-5 izikhathi ngezikhathi ezithile. Ubeka amaqanda ama-115 esihlahleni ngasinye, amaqanda aqhubekela phambili cishe izinsuku ezingu-60.
Ibanga: Kutholakale kuwo wonke amanzi anesimo eshisayo nasemvula emhlabeni jikelele. "
Ulwazi ngenxa yezingulube ezihlaza.Enye yezilwane yedwa yodwa ukuthi ikusasa aliziwa:
- I-Flatback (i-Natator depressus)
Igama elivamile: i-flatback yase-Australia - ibizwa ngokuthi igobolondo layo lithembeke kakhulu.Igama lesayensi: Natator depressus
Incazelo: Inhloko ine-pair eyodwa ye-prefrontal esikali (izikali phambi kwamehlo ayo). I-Carapace iyisibongo ngaphandle kwemigwaqo futhi inezinhlayiyana ezinkulu, ezingenakunyakaziswa, izilinganiso (izikali) ezikhona ezinezingxube ezine ze-lateral kuphela. I-Carapace i-oval noma iyindilinga futhi umzimba uphansi kakhulu. Amapulangwe ane-claw 1. Umdwebo we-carapace ugoqwe futhi ugubungulwe ngamaciksi omzimba omncane, angenawo ama-waxy. I-Carapace i-gray-gray nge-tones ephuzi elibomvu / eliphuzi emagqumeni kanye nemifino emhlophe emhlophe. Izimpikiswano zama-hatchlings zakha iphethini eliyingqayizivele le-reticulate elimnyama, futhi isikhungo ngasinye esiyisikali sinemibala yeminqumo.
Usayizi: Abantu abadala bafinyelela ku-3.25 amamitha ubude be-carapace (99 cm).
Isisindo: Abantu abadala balinganisa amapremu angu-90 (90 kg).
Ukudla: Ngokusobala udla ukhukhamba olwandle, i-jellyfish, i-mollusks, ama-prawns, ama-bryozoans, amanye ama-invertebrates nama-seaweed.
Indawo: Hlanganisa amanzi angasemanzini, ama-bays, ama-coral reef angasogwini kanye nama-shallows anotshani.
Ukuqokwa: Izimpande izikhathi ezingu-4 ngesizini ngasinye. Ubeka amaqanda ama-50 ngesikhathi, kepha lokhu kukhulu kakhulu. Amaqanda afakazela cishe izinsuku ezingu-55. Lapho ama-hatchlings ephuma, amakhulu kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane.
Uhlobo: Kunciphise kakhulu. Itholakala kuphela emanzini azungeze i-Australia nePapua New Guinea ePacific. "
Ulwazi ngenxa ye-Flatback Turtles.