Imyuziyamu Yase-Old-World Science and Industry
Okokuqala kwaqalwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 yi-Abbot Henri Grégoire njengendlela yokugcina impahla eyenzelwe ukugqamisa imishini emisha kanye nentuthuko, i-Musee des Arts et Métiers yavula iminyango yayo njengemyuziyamu yomphakathi ngo-1802. Isikhungo seParisian esivame ukusizwa njalo kodwa esithakazelisayo sizophinde senze noma yikuphi isivakashi esihlala esithakazelweni emlandweni wesayensi, ubunjiniyela, ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe noma izinto zokwakha.
I-museum, eye yavuselelwa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, ilandelela umlando wezinto ezibalulekile kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kusukela e-Antiquity kuze kube namuhla. Izinto ezingaphezu kwezingu-80,000 nemidwebo yezinto zobuciko kanye nemidwebo yobuchwepheshe engaba ngu-20,000 yakha iqoqo elihlala njalo, lihlukaniswe ezindaweni eziyisikhombisa eziyinhloko: izinto zokwakha ezimbonini, ukwakhiwa, ukuxhumana, izinsimbi zesayensi, imishini, amandla nokuhamba.
Amaphuzu ambalwa e-Arts et Metiers ahlanganisa imodeli yokuqala yezindiza ngumqambi owaziwa kakhulu kodwa obalulekile u-Clément Ader, wokubala okuqala nguBlaise Pascal, noma uLumiere Brothers 'ogwaza okokuqala ekhamera yefilimu. Ehlelwe esontweni elihle kakhulu lekhulu le-11, iLa collégiale Saint-Martin-des-Champs, lemyuziyamu iphinde ibe nomuntu owaziwa ngokuthi "I-Foucault's Pendulum", eye yaqaphela ngokukhethekile kusukela kushicilelwe incwadi yombhalo waseNetherlands u-Umberto Eco.
Khokha ukuvakashela leli gama elingavumelwanga njenge-stopover noma kusuka ezikhangayo enkabeni yedolobha: kuyindawo elula, futhi kunconywa kakhulu (mina ngize izikhathi eziningana ukuzithanda amaqoqo futhi ngimangalisise izinto eziqanjiwe).
Indawo kanye nolwazi lokuxhumana:
I-museum isendaweni ephakathi nendawo yesithathu yeParis, lapho kufinyelela khona izindawo ezikhangayo nezindawo ezifana neGeorges Pompidou nesifunda saseMarais .
Ikheli:
60 Rue Reaumur
I-Metro: Arts et Metiers noma i-Reaumur-Sebastopol
Ucingo: +33 (0) 1 53 01 82 00
Vakashela iwebhusayithi esemthethweni (olunye ulwazi olutholakala ngesiNgisi)
Amahora Wokuvula Namathikithi:
Imyuziyamu ivuliwe kusukela ngoLwesibili kuya ngeSonto, ngo-10: 00 ekuseni kuya ku-6: 00 ntambama (kuvulwa kuze ku-9: 30 ntambama ngoLwesine ebusuku). Ngobusuku ngoLwesine kuya ku-9: 30m. Kuvaliwe ngoMsombuluko. Vula kumaholide amaningi aseFrance , ngaphandle komhlaka 1 Meyi no-25 kuDisemba (Usuku lukaKhisimusi).
Amathikithi: Bheka lapha ukuthola ulwazi lwamanje namanani wokungenisa emnyuziyamu.
I- Paris Museum Pass ihlanganisa ukungena kule museum. (Thenga Direct at Rail Europe)
Iziqhingi kanye nezokuvakasha eziseduze:
- Isikhungo saseGeorges Pompidou
- Musee Picasso (ivaliwe ukulungiswa ngoMsombuluko ka-2013)
- I-Marais Neighborhood
- Isifunda saseCanal Saint-Martin
- I-Musee Carnavalet (i-Museum of Paris History)
Amaphuzu avelele weqoqo elimi njalo:
Iqoqo elihlala njalo e-Musee des Arts et Metiers lihlukaniswe ezindaweni eziyisikhombisa eziyinhloko, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili. Isigaba ngasinye sinikeza ukuhlola ngokulandelana kwendlela indawo ngayinye yobuchwepheshe eyavela ngayo eminyakeni engamakhulu eminyaka yokulinga nokuphutha kanye nemisha.
Scientific Instruments
Kulesi sigaba semyuziyamu, uzofunda ngomlando wezingcingo zesayensi, ngaphambi kuka-1750 kuze kube manje.
Kusukela ku-abacus kuya ekutsheni kwelanga, i-microscope yokuqala ekusebenzeni kwemishini yokubuyabuyelela, lezi zigaba zibonisa ukuguqulwa kwamakhulu eminyaka yezinsimbi ezitholakale ngokuzenzekelayo ekufinyeleleni nasekuqondeni.
Izinto zokwakha
Lesi sigaba sigcizelela ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini nezimboni, kusukela engilazi kuya kusilika, izembatho, insimbi noma insimbi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yamanzi kanye ne-steam kuyisikhathi semvelo sokukhiqiza izimboni, okuholela ekuqhumeni kwezebhizinisi nokushintshaniswa kwempahla ngesilinganiso esisha kwi-Industrial Revolution. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha, njenge-plastic kanye ne-aluminium, kuholela emasu amaningi okusebenza okunamandla nokukhethwa okungakaze kwenzeke kubakhiqizi.
Ukwakhiwa
Lo muntu kunomuntu onentshisekelo emlandweni wokwakha: funda mayelana nendlela amasu wokwakha izakhiwo nezinye izakhiwo ziye zavela eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka edlule.
Imishini ishintsha ukwakhiwa kuze kube phakade ngokuqala nge-Industrial Revolution, ehola hhayi kuphela ukwakha okusheshayo, kodwa izinto ezintsha kanye nezakhiwo ezingenasimo.
Ukuxhumana
Kulesi sigaba esithakazelisayo, umlando wezokuxhumana, kusukela ocingweni kuya ku-telegraph kanye nomsakazo, kuvezwe. Ukuvakasha kuqala ngokubheka ngokucophelela omunye wemishini yokunyathelisa yokuqala, ephathelene nekhulu le-15.
Amandla
Kusukela kumaphemikhali omoya omoya owamanzi, ugesi, noma amandla enyukliya, lesi sigaba sinikeza ukubuka okucacile ekuziphendukeni kwemithombo yamandla kanye nobuchwepheshe.
Imishini
Hlola ngokucophelela ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini kulesi sigaba, ngokubheka ukuthi imishini yayisungulwa kanjani kuphela ngenani elikhethiwe lemisebenzi kanye nezimboni, ngaphambi kokwamukelwa cishe kuzo zonke izizinda zomsebenzi wesintu kusukela ngekhulu le-19, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwemishini kuqhuma.
Ukuthutha
Lesi esinye sezigaba ezithandwayo kakhulu kumamyuziyamu, futhi sibonisa izinhlobo zezindiza zokuqala ezazicatshangelwa, izimoto zokuvuna, amasondo, izimoto zokuqeqesha, nezinye izinto zokukhiqiza ezibonisa ukuthuthukiswa okuthakazelisayo kwezindlela zokuhamba phakathi namakhulu eminyaka.
Imibukiso Yesikhashana
Imiboniso yesikhashana emnyuziyamu ijwayele ukugxila endaweni eyodwa noma esikhathini semlando yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, ukugqamisa izinto ezithile eziqoqiwe ekuqoqweni okuhlala njalo kumnyuziyamu noma ukuletha izinto kusuka ekuqoqweni kwamanye iminyuziyamu. Imibukiso yesikhashana yamuva ihlanganisa ukubukeka komlando we-robotics nokusungulwa komsakazo. Bona leli khasi ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi.
Kanje?
Ikakhulukazi uma unabantwana, cabanga ngokuvakashela i- Cite des Sciences et de l'Industrie, i-museum yesimanje nembonini yesikhungo esiseduze nenyakatho-ntshonalanga yedolobha.