Kungani uhlaka olubalulekile?
Incazelo yokuhlela:
Inani lezinyawo ukusuka emanzini kuze kube sezingeni eliphansi kunazo zonke zomkhumbi womkhumbi; ukujula kwamanzi umkhumbi udonsela; ukuthi imikhumbi iphansi kangakanani ehlala emanzini. Igama elithi "uhlaka lwomoya" liyizinamba ezinyaweni ukusuka emanzini kuze kufike endaweni ephakeme kakhulu emkhunjini wemikhumbi.
Okunye okuphenywe kohlaka:
Igama le-nautical draft isipelingi lase-United States; Okubhaliwe yisipelingi saseBrithani. Ngokuthakazelisayo, le mibhalo emibili ebhalwe phansi (i-USA) ne-draft (UK) isetshenziselwa ukuchaza ubhiya futhi ibe nokuhluka okufanayo kwesipela emazweni amabili.
Izibonelo zohlaka olusetshenziselwa umusho:
Ukuhlelwa kwemikhumbi eminingi yemikhumbi yemikhumbi yokuhamba ngemikhumbi kuphakathi kwamamitha angu-25 no-30. Umkhumbi awukwazi ukugeleza kunoma yikuphi amanzi ngaphansi kokusungula kwawo.
Kungani kubalulekile ukubaluleka komkhumbi we-cruise?
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuhlelwa kwemikhumbi ye-cruise kubaluleke kakhulu kuKaputeni (nabo bonke abasebenzi bakhe kanye nabagibeli) ukuthi umkhumbi ngeke uhambele kunoma yikuphi amanzi aphansi kakhulu kunomqulu. Isibonelo, umkhumbi onamapulangwe angama-25 ungabetha phansi uma amanzi engama-24.99 amamitha aphansi.
Ukuhlelwa komkhumbi kunqunywe ngesikhathi sakhiwa. Uma uhamba ngaphezulu (noma uhlaka lwe-air) umkhumbi unengaphezu kwamanzi, ukujula kwesimiso somkhumbi kumele sibe. Abadwebi bomkhumbi kumele baqiniseke ukuthi isilinganiso sesitsha esibhalwe ngaphansi kwe-waterline kanye nesimo somoya esingaphansi komngcele wamanzi sinemingcele evumelekile. Umklami wemikhumbi akafuni ukuba umkhumbi wakhe ube "ophezulu kakhulu" ongase uphakamise phezu kwawo. Ngaphezu kokuba nokuhlelwa okukhulu, laba abaklami bemikhumbi emikhulu bayenza imikhumbi emikhulu enezinsika eziningi ngaphezu kwamanzi amaningi ukuze zizinzile ukuze zihambe kahle.
Imikhumbi yanamuhla yemikhumbi iphinde isebenzise izimo eziqinile ukuze umkhumbi uhambe uhambe kahle olwandle olwandle. Lezi ziqinisi zifana namaphiko aphakama ngaphansi kwamanzi, okwenza umkhumbi ube "obanzi".
Njengoba imikhumbi emikhulu inezinhlaka ezijulile, azikwazi ukungena amachwebeni angajulile njengemikhumbi encane yokuhamba. Kodwa-ke, imikhumbi emikhulu enezinhlaka ezijulile ngokuvamile ibamba izilwandle ezinesivunguvungu kangcono ngoba umkhumbi omningi ungaphansi kwamanzi futhi awukwenzeki futhi uphansi.
Ngakho, izivakashi ezisebhodi zihamba ngokushelela. Imikhumbi yoMfula ine-draft engacacile kakhulu, kodwa ingaqhubeka ishaya phansi njengoba iziteshi zomfula ziguquka kaningi.
Ama-ocean classic liners, aklanyelwe njengezokuhamba phakathi kweYurophu neNyakatho Melika, abe nemidwebo ejulile kusukela imikhumbi ingazama ukuhamba emanzini angenawo amaCaribbean (noma kwenye indawo emhlabeni). Isibonelo, i- Queen Mary ocean liner yasekuqaleni, eyayakhiwa ngo-1936, yayinezinyathelo ezingaba ngu-40 kanye nomoya owakhiwa ngamamitha angu-181. Wayenamamitha angu-118 ububanzi futhi wayene-tonsage ye-81,000 ye-GRT. I- Oasis yamaLwandle , enye yemikhumbi ye-cruise enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, inesidingo esingama-30, isakhiwo sezindiza esingamamitha angu-213 ngaphezu kwamanzi, singamamitha angu-20 ububanzi, futhi sinama-225,000 GRT. Nakuba lo mkhumbi omusha ukhululekile futhi unomthamo womoya omningi, i-Oasis yamaLwandle ine-draft engacacile. Ukuze uhlawulele isakhiwo esingajulile, i-Oasis ivulekile futhi iqinisekile, engeza ububanzi obuningi uma kudingeka emanzini amanzi.
Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi imikhumbi emikhulu yezinkathi zanamuhla ayinayo ibhalomali elanele futhi ingase ikwazi ukushaya uma ingqamuzana elikhulu lihlasela ngesikhathi sesiphepho. Nakuba imikhumbi igoba, kuyinto engavamile, futhi akukaze kubonakaliswe ukuthi umoya odwetshwayo emkhatsini wokulinganisa udoti awukwanele futhi wenza ukuba umkhumbi uqhume.
I-Titanic yahlasela i-iceberg, neCosta Concordia yahlasela umhlabathi oqoshiwe. Kuphela kwe- movie ye-cruise njenge- Poseidon Adventure inomkhumbi omkhulu wemikhumbi ehamba phambili ngenxa yegagasi.
Iningi lezingozi zomkhumbi wabagibeli eminyakeni eyi-100 eyedlule liye ngenxa yokudlulela, ikakhulukazi emafrijini emazweni lapho inani labagibeli emikhumbi lingalawulwa ngokwanele. Ezinye izingozi zomkhumbi zibangelwa umlilo, zigijima phansi, zishaya omunye umkhumbi, noma zikhishwa ngamaphutha ngenxa yesiphambeko somuntu noma ukugqekeza - hhayi umdwebo ongajulile.