Umhlahlandlela Wokuvakashela iSaint Peter's Basilica eVatican City
Njengomunye wamasonto abaluleke kunawo wonke okholweni lobuKatolika futhi esontweni elikhulu-elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, iSt. Peter's Basilica ingenye yezinto eziphezulu zokubona eVatican City naseRoma yonke. Njengoba idome layo elihlaba umxhwele, indawo ebalulekile yedolobha lase-Rome, futhi ingaphakathi layo elihle, iSt Peter's, ngokungangabazeki, lijabulisa emehlweni. Kwabaningi, kuyinto evelele yokuvakashela eRoma, futhi ngesizathu esihle.
Kokubili ingaphandle nangaphakathi kwe-basilica kwaklanyelwe ukudabuka, futhi baphumelela ukwenza kanjalo. I- Piazza San Pietro (iSt Peter's Square) enamandla kakhulu, ene-oval isebenza ngokungenakuqhathaniswa ne-basilica enkulu, ngokufakela kwayo okukhulayo kanye nemabula emabula, imatshe, ubuciko kanye nokuhlobisa okwenziwe njalo.
Isonto lidonsa izigidi zezivakashi minyaka yonke, kufaka phakathi labo abadonsa izizathu zenkolo kanye nalabo abanentshisekelo yomlando wayo, ubuciko kanye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo. Futhi indawo yokuphumula yabaningi bamapapa abahlanganisa noJohn Paul II noSt. Peter, uPapa eLobukholwa wokuqala nomsunguli weSonto LamaKatolika.
AmaPhilippines nawo ahambela eSt. Peter ngesikhathi samaholide angokwenkolo, njengoKhisimusi nePhasika, njengoba upapa enza izixuku ezikhethekile e-basilica ngalezi zikhathi. Uthola izibusiso ngoKhisimusi nePhasika, kanye nesibusiso sakhe sokuqala lapho ekhethwa, kusukela ebhokisini lefasitela eliphakathi ngaphezu kwamangeniso kuya ku-atrium.
USt. Peter eRoma
Imfundiso yobuKristu ithi uPetru wayengumdobi waseGalile owaba omunye wabaphostoli abangu-12 baKristu futhi waqhubeka nokukhuthaza izimfundiso zikaJesu emva kokufa kwakhe ngokubethelwa. UPeter, kanye nomphostoli uPawulu, bahamba baya eRoma futhi bakhela ibandla labalandeli bakaKristu.
Eyesaba ukushushiswa ngenxa yezimfundiso zakhe, uPeter wayesebalekela eRoma, kuphela lapho ehlangana nombono kaJesu njengoba ephuma edolobheni. Lokhu kwamqinisekisa ukuba abuyele eRoma futhi abhekane nokubulawa kwakhe okungenakugwemeka. Bobabili uPetru noPawulu babulawa ngomyalo kaMbusi waseRoma uNero, esikhathini esithile emva komlilo omkhulu waseRoma ngo-64 AD kodwa ngaphambi kokufa kukaNero ngo-68 AD. UPetru uPetru wabethelwe esiphambanweni, esho ngokuzibuza kwakhe.
UPetru wafela ukholo eS Circus of Nero, isayithi lezokuvakasha nemidlalo engxenyeni esentshonalanga yoMfula iTiber. Wangcwatshwa eduze, emathuneni asetshenziselwa abafel 'ukholo lobuKristu. Ngokushesha ithuna lakhe laba yindawo yokuhlonishwa, namanye amathuna amaKrestu akhiwe nxazonke, njengoba abathembekile bafuna ukuxoxisana eduze noSt. Peter. AmaKatolika, indima kaPetru njengomPhostoli, nezimfundiso zakhe nokufa kwakhe eRoma kwamthola isihloko soBhishobhi wokuqala waseRoma, noma uPapa wokuqala weKatolika.
I-Saint Peter's Basilica Umlando
Ekhulwini lesine leminyaka, uMbusi uConstantine, umbusi wokuqala wamaKristu waseRoma, wayebheke ukwakhiwa kwe-basilica endaweni yokungcwaba kaSt. Peter. Manje okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Old Saint Peter's Basilica, leli bandla lama iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-1 000 futhi kwakuyindawo yokungcwaba cishe bonke abapapa, abavela kuPeter ngokwakhe kuya kubapapa bama-1400.
Esimweni esinzima sokudangala ngekhulu le-15, isonto lathola uchungechunge lwezinguquko ngaphansi kwamapapa amaningana ahlukene. Lapho uPapa Julius II, owabusa kusukela ngo-1503 kuya ku-1513, waqaphela ukulungiswa kabusha, wayehlose ukwakha isonto elikhulu kunabo bonke eLobukholwa. Wayebhubhisa isonto lokuqala lekhulu le-4 futhi wayala ukwakhiwa kwe-basilika entsha emangalisayo, emangalisayo endaweni yayo.
U-Bramante wenza izinhlelo zokuqala zedamu elikhulu likaSt. Peter's. Ephefumulelwe yi-dome ye-Pantheon, uhlelo lwakhe ludinga isiphambano samaGreki (sinezingalo ezingu-4 ubude obulinganayo) esisekela idamu eliphakathi. Ngemva kokuba uJulius II efa ngo-1513, u-Raphael umculi wabekwa icala lokwakha. Esebenzisa uhlobo lwesiphambano sesiLatini, izinhlelo zakhe zandisa i-nave (ingxenye lapho abakhulekeli babuthana khona) futhi wanezela ama-chapel amancane ngaphesheya kwawo.
U-Raphael wafa ngo-1520, futhi izingxabano ezihlukahlukene eRoma nase-Peninsula yase-Italy zaqhubeka nenqubekela phambili emasontini. Ekugcineni, ngo-1547, uPapa Paul III wafaka uMichelangelo, esevele ebhekwa njengomdwebi womdwebi nomculi, ukuqedela iphrojekthi. Umklamo wakhe wasebenzisa uhlelo lokuqala lwe-cross yeGramante lwesiGreki, futhi luhlanganisa idome elikhulu, elihlala likhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni kanye nempumelelo enkulu kunazo zonke ezakhiwe ngama-Renaissance.
UMichelangelo washona ngo-1564, iphrojekthi yakhe yaphela kancane. Abakhi bezakhiwo abaqhamuka phambili bahlonipha imiklamo yakhe yokuqedela leli dome. I-neve ehlanganisiwe, isicabha kanye ne-portico (ukungena emnyango) kwakuyiminikelo kaCarlo Maderno, ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kukaPapa Paul V. Ukwakhiwa kwe "New Saint Peter's" -sikhungo esisibona namhlanje-sagcwaliswa ngo-1626, ngaphezu Eminyakeni engu-120 emva kokuqala kwayo.
Ingabe iSonto LikaSt. Peter Liyinto Ebaluleke Kakhulu ERoma?
Nakuba abaningi becabanga ngoSt. Peter njengowesifazane wesonto lobuKatolika, lokohluko phakathi kweSanta John Lateran (Basilica di San Giovanni e Laterano), i-cathedral of Bishop of Rome (uPapa) ngakho-ke isonto elingcwele kakhulu lamaRoma Katolika . Kodwa ngenxa yomlando wayo, izintambo, eduze kwePapal yokuhlala eVatican City nobukhulu bayo, iSt. Peter's isonto eliheha izixuku zezivakashi futhi lithembekile. Ngaphezu kukaSt. Peter's and Saint John Lateran, amanye amasonto amabili ePapa eRoma yiBaselica yaseSanta Maria Maggiore noSaint Paul Outside the Walls .
Amaphuzu Avelele Ukuvakashela ku-Saint Peter's
Ukuze uhlole wonke amathuna nesikhumbuzo, funda konke okubhalwe phansi (ucabanga ukuthi ungafunda isiLatini), futhi uhloniphe zonke izinkolelo eziyigugu eSt Peter's zizothatha izinsuku, uma kungenjalo amasonto. Uma unamahora ambalwa nje ukuzinikela ekuvakasheni, bheka lezi zinto ezivelele:
- I-Nave. Uma ungena esitokisini, uzomangala ngokulinganisa kwe-nave, ingxenye ende, eyinhloko yesikhungo sokukhulekela lapho abakhulekeli behlezi khona ngesikhathi besisindo. Kungamamitha angaphezu kwamamitha amahlanu ubude (cishe ubude bezinsimu zebhola 2) futhi cishe ububanzi obungamamitha angu-90, futhi bugqweqwe ngokugcwele kuwo wonke umhlaba.
- I-Pieta. Ebonisa ukuthi uDavid wayengumdwebo owaziwa kakhulu kaMichelangelo, lokhu kuveza okuphawulekayo kukaMariya obambe isidumbu sikaKristu ofile kusekuqaleni kwethempeli ngakwesokudla, njengoba ungena esitokisini. Umculi waveza umsebenzi lapho eneminyaka engu-24 nje kuphela.
- Isitembu seBronze sikaSt. Peter. Eduze nebhola elungile, noma ukwesekwa okukhulu kwe-transept, imise isithombe se-bronze sikaSt. Peter, ecatshangwa ukuthi sino-1200s. Unyawo lwakhe lokunene luye lwanyakazeka futhi lubusheleleka ngamakhulu ezinkulungwane zabakhulekeli abagubha noma belibambe njengoba bedlula.
- I-Baldacchino. Umcibisholo omkhulu, umsebenzi womdwebo nomdwebi uGian Lorenzo Bernini, wenziwe ngebhesi ethathwe ePantheon. Ihlanganisa i-altare elikhulu le-basilica, lapho kuphela upapa ovunyelwe ukusho ubukhulu. I-altare lakhiwe phezu kwethuneni likaSanta Petru, futhi kuyinhliziyo engokomfanekiso nengokomoya ye-basilica.
- I-Dome. Elinezingodo eziyi-16 futhi ibhalwe ngezinhlamvu ezingaphezu kuka-6 ubude, idamu likaMichelangelo, elingakaze libonwe liqedile, lingamamitha angaba ngu-400 ubude ukusuka phansi kuze kufike elangeni layo, noma i-cupola.
- Isikhumbuzo ku-Alexander VII. Emathuneni amaningi amahle asePapa, iSikhumbuzo sikaBernini kuPapa u-Alexander VII mhlawumbe yiwona owonayo kakhulu. Upapa onobuqotho uyathandaza ngenkathi isibalo sokufa sibheka ngaphansi kwengubo eqoshwe ngetshe lejaspi. Uphethe i-hourglass, njengesikhumbuzo ku-papa (nakubhekeli) ukuthi isikhathi sakhe sidlulile.
- I-Sacristry ne-Treasury Museum. Ukuze ubuke ezinye zezimpahla eziningi zeVatican, kufaka phakathi iziphambano, izambatho zamapapa (izingubo), amagugu kanye nezinkolelo zokuvakashela, vakashela i-Sacristry ne-Treasury Museum. Ibiza ama-euro angu-5 kubantu abadala kanye ne-euro engu-3 kubantwana abangu-12 nangaphansi.
- I-Vatican Grottoes. Njengoba usuka e-basilica, landela izimpawu ze-Vatican Grottoes neCupola (dome). Ama-grotto angaphansi komhlaba anamathuna amaningi amaningi, kuhlanganise noJohn Paul II. I-altare ehlelwe kahle yakhiwe phezu kwalokho okubhekwa njengengcwaba likaSt. Peter. I-altare elikhulu kanye ne-baldacchino ngqo ngqo kule ndawo. Ukungena emagodini akhululekile.
- Ukukhuphukela ku-Cupola. Uma uzizwa unamandla, ungakhuphuka izinyathelo ezingu-551 (noma nje 320 uma uthatha ingxenye ye-elevator) ukuya ekhoneni, noma phezulu kweDome Peter's, ukuze uvuzwe ngemibono emangalisayo yaseRoma. Ibiza i-euro engu-8 uma uthatha i-elevator noma i-euro engu-6 uma ukhuphuka yonke indlela.
I-Saint Peter's Basilica Ulwazi lokuvakashelwa
Ngisho nalapho kungekho izilaleli zepapa noma ezinye izenzakalo ezikhethekile ezenzekayo, isontolika lihlala ligcwele njalo. Isikhathi esihle sokuvakashela ngaphandle kwezixuku ngokuvamile ekuseni, kusuka ngo-7 kuya ku-9 ekuseni.
Ulwazi: I-basilica ivula ngo-7 ekuseni bese ivala ngo-7: 00 ebusuku kanti ngo-6: 30 ntambama ebusika. Ngaphambi kokuhamba, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuhlola iwebhusayithi ye-Saint Peter's Basilica ngamahora wamanje nolunye ulwazi.
Indawo: Piazza San Pietro ( Saint Peter's Square ). Ukuze ufinyelele ezokuthutha zomphakathi, thatha iMetropolitana Line A ukuya e-Ottaviano "San Pietro".
Ukwamukelwa: Kumahhala ukungena esitokisini kanye nama-grotto, ngezindleko (bheka ngenhla) ye-sacristry kanye ne-treasure museum, nokukhuphukela emgqonyeni. I-cupola ivuliwe kusukela ngo-8 ekuseni kuze ku-6: 00 ngoMsombuluko kuya kuSepthemba, kuze kube ngu-4: 45 ntambama ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Mashi. I-Sacristry ne-Treasury museum ivuliwe kusukela ngo-9: 00 kuya ku-6: 15 ntambama ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Septhemba nango-5: 15 ntambama ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Mashi.
Ikhodi yokugqoka: Abavakashi abangagqoke izingubo ezifanele ngeke bavunyelwe ukungena esitokisini. Gwema ukugqoka ama-shorts, iziketi ezifushane, noma ama-shirt angenamikhono uma uvakashela uSt. Peter kanye / noma ulethe shawl noma enye ikhava. Leyo mithetho iya kuzo zonke izivakashi, iziduna noma izinsikazi.
Okufanele Usibone eduze kwase-Basilica yaseSt. Peter
Izivakashi zivame ukuvakashela iSt. Peter's Basilica naseVatican Museums , kuhlanganise neSistine Chapel , ngosuku olufanayo. I-Castel Sant'Angelo , ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene emlandweni i-mausoleum, inqaba, ijele futhi manje, imyuziyamu, iseduze neVatican City.