Zombili ziyingxenye yeLatin America, kodwa zilale emazwenikazi ahlukene
Ngezinye izikhathi abantu abaqiniseki ukuthi umehluko ophakathi kweNingizimu ne-Central America-ngamanye amagama, yiziphi amazwe ezikuphi esifundeni. Yiphutha elivamile lezwe lokucabanga ngokucubungula kokubili izifunda zaseLatin America. Nokho, iNingizimu neMelika Ephakathi ikhona emazwenikazi ahlukene ngokuphelele. I-Central America empeleni iyincenye yeNyakatho Melika, kanye neCanada, i-United States, iMexico, namazwe asezikhathini zaseCaribbean.
INingizimu Melika iyizwekazi eliyedwa. Uma uhlela uhambo eningizimu yomngcele, hlola imephu ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuhlela uhambo lwakho.
Umlando
Izizwe ezinjengeMaya ne-Olmec zaziphethe indawo e-pre-Columbian Central America. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-15, ngemva kokutholakala kukaChristopher Columbus "eziqhingini zaseCaribbean, amaSpanish aqoqa sonke isifunda. Ukuhlala kwabo kwasekuqaleni kwakusePanama ngo-1509, futhi ngo-1519 uPedro Arias de Avila waqala ukuhlola enyakatho yePanama, waya eMelika Ephakathi. U-Herman Cortes waqhubekela phambili ekoloni kuma-1520s kanye nensimu ehlaselwa futhi ehlala iminyaka engamakhulu amaMaya. AbaseSpain beletha izifo, okwehlisa inani labantu bakubo, futhi baletha nobuKatolika, okwakungena esikhundleni senkolo yabo.
Umbuso waseSpain waphela ngo-September 1821, futhi lokho kwalandelwa okwesikhashana yi-federation yezifunda ezizimele zaseMelika Ephakathi ilandelana ne-United States.
Kodwa ngo-1840, lokhu kwahlukana, futhi ngamunye waba isizwe esibukhosi. Nakuba kube neminye imizamo yokuhlanganisa amazwe aseMelika Ephakathi, akekho ophumelele unomphela, futhi wonke amazwe ahlukene.
Umlando waseNingizimu Melika ufana nomakhelwane wakhe enyakatho. Lapho, i-Inca yabusa futhi yaphumelela ngaphambi kokuba iSpanishi ifike ngo-1525 ngesikhathi sokuhambela ePanama eholwa nguFrancisco Pizarro.
NjengaseMelika Ephakathi, abantu basekhaya base beqothulwa, ubuKatolika baba yinkolo esemthethweni, kanti iSpanishi yazuza imithombo yezwekazi. INingizimu Melika yayingaphansi kokubusa kwaseSpain iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-300 ngaphambi kokuba umshayeli wokuzimela ube khona kuphela kuwo wonke amakoloni eNingizimu Melika yaseSpain ngo-1821. IBrazil yazimela ePortugal ngo-1822.
I-Geography
I-Central America, ingxenye yezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika, iyisisthmus esingaba ngu-1,140-miles ubude ehlanganisa iMexico eNingizimu Melika. Iqondiswe empumalanga yiLwandle lwaseCaribbean nangasentshonalanga yi-Pacific Ocean, kungekho ndawo engaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-125 ukusuka eCaribbean noma ePacific. Izindawo eziphansi, amahlathi ashisayo namaxhaphozi aseduze namagquma, kodwa iningi laseCentral America ligcwele futhi lizintaba. Inemifudlana evulekayo ngezinye izikhathi, futhi isifunda siyingozi kakhulu ekuzamazama komhlaba okuqinile.
INingizimu Melika, izwekazi eline lesine elikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, lihlukene ngokwezindawo, nezintaba, amathafa asogwini, ama-savannas, kanye nemifula yamanzi. Inomfula omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni (i-Amazon) nendawo eyingozi kunazo zonke emhlabeni (i-Atacama Desert). I-Amazon Basin ifinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha ayizigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-2.7 futhi yiyona ndawo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Ihlanganiswe emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo, kuyilapho ama-Andes efinyelela esibhakabhakeni bese enza umgogodla wezwekazi. INingizimu Melika imisiwe ngasempumalanga yi-Atlantic Ocean, entshonalanga yiPacific, futhi ngasenyakatho yiLwandle lwaseCaribbean. I-Atlantic nePacific ihlangana ngaseningizimu yeNingizimu Melika.
Izincazelo
I-Central America iqala ibhuloho yayo esuka eMexico kuya eNingizimu Melika eGuatemala naseBelize futhi ixhuma eNingizimu Melika lapho iPanama ithinta eColombia. Konke kunamagugu aseSpain nokukhuluma iSpanishi ngaphandle kweBelize, okuyinto ekhuluma isiNgisi.
INingizimu Melika, eseduze cishe eNingizimu Yenkabazwe, ihlanganisa amazwe angu-12. Iningi likhuluma iSpanishi nefa laseSpain. IBrazil, eyayixazululwa yiPutukezi, ikhuluma isiPutukezi. Abantu baseGuyana bakhuluma isiNgisi, kanti iDutch yilona olusemthethweni lweSuriname.
I-French Guiana ayilona izwe kodwa kunomnyango waseFrance ophesheya kwezwe ngeCreole vibe kanye namakhilomitha angasogwini lwase-Atlantic.
Izindawo ezidumile
Ezinye izindawo eziphezulu ukuvakashela eNyakatho Melika yiThikal, eGuatemala; i-Hummingbird Highway eBelize; I-Panama City; ne-Monteverde ne-Santa Elena, e-Costa Rica.
INingizimu Melika inenqwaba yezindawo ezinkulu zokuvakasha ezihlanganisa iziqhingi zaseGalapagos; I-Rio de Janiero; Cusco kanye noMachu Picchu, ePeru; Buenos Aires; neCartagena naseBotota, eColombia.
Amazwe ase-Central America
Amazwe ayisikhombisa akha i-Central America, esukela emngceleni oseningizimu yeMexico kuya enyakatho yeBrazil eNingizimu Melika.
- I-Belize : Leli zwe elikhuluma isiNgisi elisogwini lwaseCaribbean lwaziwa ngamanxiba alo amakhulu futhi angama-Mayan.
- ICosta Rica : Ephakathi kwePacific neCaribbean, ama-main draws aseCosta Rica yizilwandle zalo, izintaba-mlilo, namahlathi ase-rainforested.
- I-El Salvador : Izwe elincane kunazo zonke elinabantu abaningi kakhulu baseMelika Ephakathi lidayisa ikhofi, lidla i-pupusa elihlwabusayo, futhi linemifudlana engaphezu kuka-20, ezinye zazo zisebenza.
- I-Guatemala : Idolobha lasendulo laseTikal, indawo ye-UNESCO Yamagugu, iyona yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu zamaMeya eNyakatho Melika futhi inamathempeli angaphezu kuka-3 000, amapiramidi nezinye izakhiwo.
- I-Honduras : Imifula yamakhorali e-Honduras ivela eMesoamerican Barrier Reef System, eyesibili ngobukhulu kuphela e-Great Barrier Reef yase-Australia.
- I-Nicaragua : Izwe elikhulu kunawo wonke lase-Central America lihlala eGhanada, idolobha elidala kunazo zonke laseSpain eNyakatho Melika.
- I-Panama : Leli lizwe lixhuma eNingizimu neMelika Ningizimu nePanama Canal emangalisayo ixhuma oLwandle lwase-Atlantic nasePacific.
Amazwe eNingizimu Melika
INingizimu Melika ilula amamitha ayisishiyagalolunye ayizigidi ezingu-6,89 futhi inezikhulu eziyi-12 ezibusayo.
- I-Argentina : I-Argentina, izwe lesishiyagalombili elikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, yilapho uzothola khona izintaba ze-Andes, umculo we-tango nomdanso, kanye nenhloko eyinkimbinkimbi yaseBuenos Aires.
- IBolivia : I-Bolivia iqukethe amahlathi ase-Amazon, ama-Andes Mountains, neLake Titicaca, okuyizikebhe ezihamba phambili emhlabeni wonke ezingamamitha ayi-12,536.
- I-Brazil : I-Brazili yizwe elikhulu kunazo zonke eNingizimu ne-Central America futhi lesihlanu ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Kuyikhaya lomkhosi weCarnaval ojabulisayo waseRio de Janeiro, iCopacabana ne-Ipanema amabhishi, nesithombe sikaJesu Kristu eNtabeni Corcovado.
- I-Chile : E-Chile, uzothola ulwandle olude olusePacific, izintaba ze-Andes neChilean Coast Range, i-Easter Island, iwayini elikhulu, neDafa lase-Atacama, indawo ehamba phambili emhlabeni.
- I-Colombia : I-Colombia, emngceleni oMfula i-Amazon, uLwandle lweCaribbean, nePacific Ocean, liyizwe laseNobel Eliwina umklomelo uGobelel Garcia Marquez nomuzi waseMedellín, owaziwa ngokuthi yi "City of Eternal Spring".
- I-Ecuador : I-Ecuador, e-equator, yilapho uzobona khona izakhiwo ze-colonial zaseSpain, amahlathi e-Amazon, ama-Andes Mountains, kanye nezilwane zasendle ezivame kakhulu zezilwane zaseGalapagos.
- I-Guyana : iGuyana ekhuluma isiNgisi ihlanganyela ngamagugu amasiko neCaribbean futhi ihlanganiswa nemvula yamanzi. Idolobha layo elikhulu laseGeorgetown linamakhemikhali amahle aseDutch naseBrithani.
- I-Paraguay : I-Paraguay, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "Inhliziyo yaseNingizimu Melika," ihlala emadolobheni ama-Jesuit agcinwe kahle, esifundeni saseThaco esikhulu nesingahlali khona, naseGuigu Falls, okuyinto ende futhi iphindwe kabili njengoNiagara Falls.
- I-Peru : I-Peru idume kakhulu nge-Machu Picchu ne-Incan Trail, kodwa nayo yaziwa nge-ceviche, isidlo esihlwabusayo senhlanzi eluhlaza ku-marinade yelisi ye-lime kanye ne-pepper.
- I-Suriname : Kanye eyaziwa njengeDutch Guiana, iSuriname yizwe elincane kunazo zonke eNingizimu Melika nasekhaya eSt. Peter nasePaul Cathedral Basilica, enye yezakhiwo ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
- I-Uruguay : E-Atlantic Ocean, i-Uruguay inamabhishi amahle, kufaka phakathi eyodwa lapho uzothola khona i-La Mano, isithombe esivela esihlabathini esiteshini esidumile sasePunta del Este.
- I-Venezuela : Indawo yaseCaribbean, iVenezuela inendawo yamazwe amaningi ahlukahlukene, kuhlanganise neCanaima National Park, lapho uzobona khona i-Angel Falls, ephakeme ngamamitha angu-3,208 ukugeleza kwamanzi okude okungaphazamiseki emhlabeni wonke.