Ubani ongakazwanga, uJoan wase-Arc, omkhulu uPatron Saint of France? 'Umfundisi wase-Orleans' owashiswa esigxotsheni esineminyaka engama-19 ngo-1431, uye waphefumulela imisebenzi yobuciko namasiko emhlabeni wonke ngamakhulu ayisithupha. Izifanekiso ze-stand yayo yonke elaseFrance, ikakhulukazi isithombe segolide sikaJoan of Arc ngehhashi e-Place des Pyramides eParis.
Thola kabanzi mayelana naye kanye nezinganekwane ezizungezile ku-Historial uJeanne d'Arc eRouen, ezisePhalamende elidala lika-Archbishop manje elibuyiselwe ubukhosi obukhulu phakathi nenkazimulo yekhulu le-18 leminyaka.
I-Historia uJeanne d'Arc
AmaFulentshi amnandi kakhulu kuma-multi-media, kanti i-Historial iphathelene nokuzibhapathiza empilweni nangezikhathi zikaJoan we-Arc ngokusebenzisa lonke amadivaysi ahlakaniphile avela kuma-panels ahumushayo ukuze kubonakale izigcawu ezimangalisa ezindongeni nasemaphaketheni umbukiso. Ungalokothi ukhumbule ubuchwepheshe; umphumela uwukuhamba okuthakazelisayo esikhathini esedlule kulolu chungechunge lwamakamelo amnyama abukela amafilimu asebenzisa abalingisi abaphilayo, bebuka ama-stills kusukela kwalezi zithombe ezinhle ezinyakazayo, futhi ulalele ukuhlaziya okudatshulwa ngolimi lwakho.
- Vumela amaminithi angu-75 ukuhamba ngempilo kaJoan of Arc ehlelwe ezindaweni ezingu-7 ezahlukene.
1. I-Dawn yekhulu le-15 leminyaka . Uqala ku-Cryesque Crypt yendlu ka-Archbishop endala. I-France ne-England zibandakanyekile eMpi YeMinyaka eyi-100 eyenzeka kancane kancane kusukela ngo-1337 kuya ku-1453 lapho amaKhosi alandelanayo womabili womabili elwa nomhlaba waseFrance.
Unyaka ngu-1420 futhi umcimbi uwukubuyiswa kukaJoan wase-Arc. Umqondisi nomlandisi wakho nguJean Juvénal des Ursins, ogama lakhe lehologram liyindaba yakho etshela umngane wakho kulo lonke. Isibalo esikhulu ngaleso sikhathi, uJean Juvénal (1388-1473) wayengummeli onamandla noMbhishobhi, owokuqala waseBeauvais owaseLaon , ekugcineni kaReims.
Wayengumlingisi ongenangqondo ekuphileni kukaJoan waseArc, efakaza icala lakhe futhi efa ngo-1421, futhi kamuva ephethe inkantolo eyamvuselela ngo-1456.
2. Ukuphila kwasekuqaleni kukaGothic Crypt noJoan of Arc. Wazalelwa eDomrémy, owaziwa ngokuthi u-Domrémy-la-Pucelle (Domrémy-of-the-Maiden) ngo-1412. Umzana omncane usemnyangweni weVosges esifundeni saseGrand-Est , olinganayo phakathi kukaNancy kanye nomunye ' ofihliwe Umcebo we-Champagne ', iSt Dizier. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva ngo-1415 iNkosi uHenry V yaseNgilandi yahlasela enyakatho yeFrance futhi yamisa izitimela ezaholela ekufeni kwakhe. Wakhishwa iNkosi yaseFrance kodwa ngezinduna zesiNgisi namaFulentshi nezindlalifa zifa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, indlela ishiywe evulekile ukuze amaFulentshi athole isihlalo sobukhosi egameni elithi Dauphin, uCharles VII, oyindlalifa yesiFulentshi esihlalweni sobukhosi.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukholelwa abangcwele kanye nezimangaliso noma cha, indaba yakhe iyinto engavamile yentombazane encane engavamile eyayihamba emzaneni wayo ngo-1429, oneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, ukukholisa amadoda anamandla afana noRobert de Baudricourt ukumnika ihhashi futhi ahambisane naye ukuze athole enkantolo yaseFrance. Wanquma izinwele zakhe, egqoke izingubo zamadoda futhi wahamba ngohambo lwezinsuku ezingu-11 nesethulo somuntu ohloniphekile eNkosini.
3. I-Old Kitchens noMhlangano KaJoan neNkosi. Lapha uJean Juvénal ulandisa ngomhlangano kaJoan noDauphin Charles ngo-1429 lapho eneminyaka engu-17 kuphela; izivivinyo ezihlukahlukene abafundisi abazisebenzisayo ukuze bamise ubuqiniso bakhe, nesikhathi esenziwa ngaso umqeqeshi yiNkosi e Tours.
4. I-Old Pantry noJoan njengeMholi Wezempi. Lokhu kukukhombisa lokho lo wesifazane osemusha ayekwazi ukukwenza. UCharles wanika uJoan izikhali futhi wamthuma egodini laseLoire nase- Orléans , elalivimbezelwe yiNgisi. Kwaphela izinsuku ezingu-5 ibutho lalwa noJoan eliholela ekuhlaselweni ngesikhathi lalimala. Ukunqoba kweNgisi e-Orléans kwalandelwa ukukhishwa kweNkosi Charles VII ngoJulayi 18, 1429 noJoan ovelele emcimbini. Kodwa ukunqoba okumnandi akuzange kudlule; UJoan wathunyelwa kuCompiègne eParardy ukulwa nabaseBurgundi, ama-French allies of the English.
Ekhishwe ehhashi lakhe, wathathwa ngabakwaBurgundi abaxoxisana neNgisi. UJoan waseArc othunjiweyo wayeyithuluzi elibalulekile leNgisi; kubiza ama-francs angu-10 000.
INkosi yesiFulentshi yazihlukanisa; i-English yamyisa kumabandla esonto ukuba aqashwe njengecala, osolwa ngokuthakatha, ukuhlubuka nokugqoka njengendoda. Wayeboshwe ejele lasejele futhi wasongelwa ngokuhlukunyezwa. Ikhotho libuzwa lapha izikhathi ezingu-12 kodwa alizange liphule.
5. I-attic ne-Trial. Khuphuka isiteji se-Cardinal d'Estouteville leshumi nesishiyagalolunye kuya ku-attic for the trial evezwe kwiplanorama yombuthano nabadlali abadlala izinhlamvu ezibekwa esahlulelweni. UJoan ugwetshwe ukufa. Ngosuku olulandelayo, ngoMeyi 30, 1431, wathathwa waphonswa esigxotsheni endaweni yaseVieux Marché enkabeni yeRouen. Lokhu kuphelile, ama-shutters avuliwe futhi amawindi aveza umbono obhekene noRuen.
6. I-attic lapho uJoan esethethelelwe khona - sekwephuzile. Kukhona isahluko esisodwa sokugcina sokutshela, esiteji sokugcina esincane. UJean Juvénal ulapha ukuvuselelwa kukaJoan wase-Arc. Ngo-7 kuNtulikazi ka-1456, wabhekene necala lokulalelwa yindoda eyayiphambuke kuMaid of Orleans eminyakeni engaba ngu-25 ngaphambili. Manje kwakuyisikhathi esikahle sezombusazwe sokuba iNkosi uCharles VII ithathe isidumbu sokuthethelela owesifazane owayesanda kuba omunye wabantu abahlonishwa kakhulu eFrance. Abafakazi abangu-115 esilingo sokuvuselela ukuhlobisa izindonga kanye nendaba yokuthi uCharles VII wasuka kanjani uDauphin waya eNkosini.
Kukhona omunye umbono omuhle ovela kule nqabayokulinda, i-Tour de Guet ngaphambi kokuhamba phansi esiteji se-15 th -century Luxembourg.
The Mythothèque - Kusukela Memory kuya Myth
I-tech high wiizardry isetshenziswe ekamelweni lamithathu elibukeka ngezinganekwane mayelana noJeanne d'Arc abaye baba yingxenye yesiko saseFrance.
Ikamelo lokuqala lamakamelo amathathu ligcwele amaphosta okukhangisa kanye nama-propaganda; futhi ubuke ifilimu ebonisa indlela lezi zindaba ezakhiwa ngayo, indlela ezombusazwe ezakha ngayo umbono ophikisayo we-heroine, nokuthi abadwebi bamdwebile kanjani.
Isikhala esinikezelwe ekucwaningeni komlando sikunikeza ithuba lokukhetha imibuzo ukubeka kwababhali-mlando abane.
Ikamelo lokugcina yiKhabhinethi yeCuriosities, ukukhiqizwa kwemisebenzi yobuciko kanye nayo yonke into evezwa kuMaid of Orleans othakazelisayo.
Okuningi mayelana noJeanne d'Arc eRouen
URouen, inhloko-dolobha yaseNormandy, igcwele izindawo zeJeanne d'Arc. Ungabona isigodlo emgwaqweni waseBourveuil okuwukuphela kwendawo ehlala enqabeni lapho uJeanne d'Arc eboshiwe khona.
Kukhona isiphambano esikhulu esigcawini saseVieux-Marché esibonisa indawo lapho uJeanne d'Arc eshiswa khona. Ima phambi kwesonto lanamuhla leJeanne d'Arc, nesithombe sayo ngaphandle. Uphahla lwesonto lwaklanyelwe ukubukeka njengamalangabi omlilo kanye namafasitela angilahlekile avela ku-Renaissance.
URuen uyidolobha elijabulisayo ukuvakashela. Kulula ukufika ukusuka eLondon , e-UK naseParis. Igcwele izikhangisi eziphezulu , kanye nezindawo zokudlela ezinhle namahhotela.
Ulwazi oluwusizo
Umlando uJeanne d'Arc
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