5 Izindawo ezingamatshe ezimbalwa ze-UNESCO emhlabeni wonke eNdiya

01 ka-06

Sibutsetelo se-UNESCO Sites Heritage Heritage eNdiya

I-India inamakhasi angu-32 adweliswe i-UNESCO World Heritage Sites, ephethwe yi-Archaeological Survey yaseNdiya. Zinezindawo ezingu-25 zamasiko (ezikhonjiswe ngobuciko bazo obucwebezayo) nezindawo eziyisikhombisa zemvelo. Eziningi zazo ziyaziwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi izikhumbuzo ezifana neTaj Mahal e-Agra, e- Red Fort eDelhi, emanxiwa aseHampi eKarnataka, amathempeli ahlukumezayo eKhayraho , e- Ajanta nase-Ellora emadolobheni aseMaharashtra naseSundarbans National Park eWest Bengal.

Noma kunjalo, kunezindawo eziningi ezingaziwa kakhulu ezibalulekile. Abanye babo, kungenzeka ukuthi awuke uzwe nge!

02 ka 06

I-Champaner-Pavagadh Park Archaeological, eGujarat

I-Champaner nePavagadh zithwele amagugu omlando, ezakhiwo nezakhiwo ezivubukulayo ezivela kumasiko amabili amaSulumane namaHindu, avela phakathi kwekhulu le-8 nele-14. Lezi zihlanganisa inqaba yezintaba, izindlu zamakhosi, izindawo zokukhulekela (Jama Masjid ingenye yamaSulumane amahle kakhulu eGujarat), izindawo zokuhlala, amachibi kanye nemithombo emihle.

Inombolo yezikhumbuzo e-Champaner kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingaphezu kuka-100! Leli dolobha eliphakathi lendawo liqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-145 enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Ahmedabad namakhilomitha angu-50 enyakatho-mpumalanga yeVadodara eGujarat. Kamuva yaba yinhloko-dolobha yombuso ngekhulu le-15 nelama-16, emva kokuthi uSultan Mahmud Begada wase-Ahmedabad (umzukulu ka-Ahmed Shah, owasungula u-Ahmedabad) wasithatha ngemva kwempi ende. Wakhela izikhumbuzo ezinkulu namanzi emzimbeni lapho. Kodwa-ke, izinsuku zezinkazimulo zaleli dolobha zaphela ngo-1535, lapho kutholakala uMughal Emperor Humayun futhi inhloko-dolobha ibuyele emuva ku-Ahmedabad.

Eduze, enyakatho yeChampaner, i-rocky Pavagadh Hill ikhuphuka kalula ngamamitha angu-800 ukusuka emathafeni aseduze. Atop it ihlala Kalika Mata Ithempeli, azinikele kumamakazikazi omnyama Kali. Ithempeli elikhulu lokukhulekela kwe- shakti (abesifazane besifazane) futhi ingenye yezindawo ezihamba phambili zokuvakashela amaHindu eGujarat. Ngokungajwayelekile, ithempeli linamathempeli amaSulumane akhiwe phezu kwalo.

Kungani LiyiZindawo Zamagugu Ezwe?

I-Champaner-Pavagadh Park Archaeological iyona kuphela eyingqayizivele futhi ephelele e-Islamic pre-Mughal, e-India. Isibonelo esihle senkampani ephila isikhathi esifushane, futhi ihlala isengozini ngenxa yokunciphisa okuvela empilweni yanamuhla, emahlathini nokulahlwa. Izakhiwo zalo zihlanganisa ngokuphelele amaSulumane namaHindu ezakhiwo. Ngokuphawulekayo, ukuklanywa okhethekile kwe-mosque yayo enkulu (Jama Masjid) kwasetshenziselwa ukwakha izakhiwo zamaSulumane kamuva eNdiya.

03 ka 06

Iqembu lezikhumbuzo ePattadakal, Karnataka

Izikhumbuzo ezimnandi zasePattadakal zivame ukuvakashelwa kanye nezindawo zamagugu zaseBadami (ngaphambili ezaziyi-Vatapi) nase-Aihole ngosuku lokuhamba oluvela eHampi . Lesi sifundazwe kwakuyizinhliziyo zombuso waseChalukya, owabusa lapho phakathi kwekhulu leminyaka lesi-4 kuya kwele-8. Kukholelwa ukuthi iPattadakal yayisenhloko-dolobha yayo kanye nendawo lapho amakhosi abo ayekhishwa khona.

Izikhumbuzo zihlanganisa amathempeli amaHindu ayisishiyagalolunye nendlu engcwele yaseJain, ezungezwe izindawo eziningi ezincane. Ithempeli elibuciko le-Virupaksha Temple lakhiwa yindlovukazi - hhayi inkosi! INdlovukazi i-Lokamahadevi yayikhiqize ngo-740 ukugubha ukunqoba komyeni wayo phezu kwePallavas yaseKanchipuram eTamil Nadu.

Okwenza amathempeli akhetheke kakhulu yizici ezibucayi kanye nemibhalo ebhalwe phansi. Ingaphakathi eliphelele lethempelini leVirupaksha lihlotshiswe ngemidwebo emihle nemifanekiso, kufaka phakathi iziqephu ezivela eRamayana nase Bhagavad Gita.

Kungani LiyiZindawo Zamagugu Ezwe?

Iqembu lezikhumbuzo ezikhumbuzo zasePattadakal yilokho okuqhamuka kocwaningo lokuqala olusha lwezindlela zeVesara ezakhiweni zethempeli lamaHindu. Lesi sitayela sihlanganisa kokubili ama-Dravidian (eningizimu) kanye nezitayela zeNagara (ezisenyakatho) zezakhiwo zethempeli. Ezinye izibonelo eziphawulekayo zesitayela seVesara eKarnataka yizithempelini zikaHoysala eBelur, eHalebidu naseSomnathpura.

04 ka 06

AmaHhotela eDwala eBhimbetka, eMadhya Pradesh

Izindawo zokuhlala zamadwala zaseBhimbetka zitholakala ezinqabeni zezintaba zaseVindhya esifundeni saseRaisen saseMadhya Pradesh , ngaphakathi kwe-Ratapani Wildlife Sanctuary. Zifinyeleleke kakhulu ku-Bhopal, cishe ihora elide.

Kunezindawo ezingaphezu kuka-700 zokuzivikela zamadwala, ikakhulukazi eziqoqweni zamahlumela amahlanu phakathi kwehlathi elinyene. Lezi zindawo zokungcebeleka zamadwala ezingavamile zatholakala kuphela ngo-1957 (futhi, nazo futhi ngengozi). Ukutholakala okungajwayelekile kokuvubukulwa kwemvelo, izindawo zokukhosela zibuyele emuva eminyakeni yobudala bePaleolithic kanti ezinye kuthiwa zakhiwe yiHomo erectus (uhlobo oluthile lwesintu) eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-100 000 eyedlule. Ukuthungwa kwembula imidwebo yokuqala yokuphila komuntu e-Indian subcontinent kanye nokuqala kweSouth Asian Stone Age (kusukela ku-50,000-3000 BC). Kutholakale amathuluzi amaningi amatshe lapho, kufaka phakathi izinkomba kanye nama-cleavers.

Amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-400 asezindaweni zasemadwaleni anezithombe eziqoshwe ngodwala, ezidalwe ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene. Izigcawu zabo zikhonjiswe emasikweni amasiko emizaneni yamazwe ase-Adivasi azungeze izindawo zokukhosela.

Kungani LiyiZindawo Zamagugu Ezwe?

AmaHholo okuDwala aseBhimbetka kanye nobuciko bawo obudumile bobuciko babonisa ukuxhumana okude phakathi kwabantu nabantu bezwe, futhi bahlobene eduze nomnotho wokuzingela nokuqoqa.

05 ka 06

I-Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, i-Assam

Cabanga ngamapaki kazwelonke ase-Assam, futhi uKaziranga cishe ufika engqondweni. Kodwa-ke, i-Assam inezinye izindawo ezishisayo eziphilayo eziyisayithi eliyigugu lomhlaba.

I-Manas Wildlife Sanctuary ichaza uMfula iManas e-Assam, isimo esifinyeleleke kakhulu esifundeni saseNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-India , futhi sabelobela umngcele ngeBhutan. Amagquma ayo amahlathi ahle kakhulu namagqabi asendle ahlinzekela indawo eyigugu ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezingavamile nezingozi ezisendle eziphilayo. Lezi zihlanganisa ama-tigers, ama-rhinoceros, ama-langurs, ama-pygmy hogs, ama-hares aphukumezayo, ama-turam avuliwe, no-Bengal florican. Ipaki nayo inabantu abaningi bemithombo yamanzi yasendle.

Ukuzikhukhumeza okukhulu kanye nemisebenzi yamaphekula kwabangela ukuthi indlu engcwele ibekwe kwiThe World Heritage ohlwini oluyingozi ngo-1992. Nokho, isusiwe ohlwini ngo-2011 ngemuva kwemizamo yokulondoloza impumelelo.

Ingcweti ingacubungulwa yi-jeep ne-elephant i-elephant ekuseni nakusasa ntambama. Itholakala cishe amahora amahlanu ukusuka eGuwahati.

Kungani LiyiZindawo Zamagugu Ezwe?

I-Manas Wildlife Sanctuary inezemvelo eyingqayizivele eyaziwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zayo ezihlukahlukene ezicebile, indawo ehlabayo kanye ne-landscape. Izinhlobo ezingu-22 zezilwane ezincelisayo ezisengozini zaseNdiya zingatholakala lapho. Ingqikithi, indlu engcwele ingamaphesenti angaba ngu-60 ezincelisayo, izinhlobo ezingu-42 zezilwane ezinwabuzelayo, ama-amphibians ayisikhombisa nezinhlobo ezingu-500 zezinyoni.

06 ka-06

I-Himalayan National Park, i-Himachal Pradesh

Enye yezindawo ezintsha ze-UNESCO emhlabeni wonke ze-UNESCO, i-Great Himalayan National Park yanezelwa kulolu hlu ngonyaka ka-2014. Ipaki isendaweni yaseKullu ye-Himachal Pradesh futhi ihamba ngamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-900 (90 500 hectare). Inamabhodlela amane, futhi indawo ehlukahlukene ephakathi kwezintaba eziphakeme eziphakeme ezifinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-6 000 ngaphezu kwamanzi olwandle kuya emahlathini emifula ngamamitha angu-2 000 (ngamamitha angu-6 600) ngaphezu kolwandle.

Labo abathanda ihlane bayothola indawo yemilingo yokuhlola. Izindawo zayo ezikude, ezinamabala futhi ezingenakulinganiswa zenza ukuba zifunwe yizihambi. Kuphela ukufinyeleleka okunamandla kakhulu futhi okunamandla okujulile ngaphakathi kwendawo eyinhloko noma kunjalo! Kunemigwaqo eminingi ehamba kahle yokuhamba, kusukela ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili, ngezinyathelo phakathi kwezintaba ezibucayi eTirthan naseSainj ezidumile. Ukuhamba kwezinsuku ezingapheliyo kungenzeka endaweni ye-Ecozone ye-ecozone engxenyeni eningizimu-ntshonalanga, evame ukuqhutshwa yizinsuku.

Izintambo nezokuvakasha zinikelwa inkampani ye-ecotourism i-Sunshine Himalayan Adventures ngokubambisana nezokuvakasha kwezokuphila kanye nokuthuthukiswa komphakathi (inhlangano ehlala emphakathini, enabantu basekhaya). Kungenzeka ukuthi uhlanganyele nabantu basekhaya futhi ufunde ngemisebenzi yabo.

Kungani LiyiZindawo Zamagugu Ezwe?

I-Great Himalayan National Park ibhekwa kakhulu ngokulondolozwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Njengoba izinsongo ezivela ekuhlaleni kwabantu zikhathazeka kakhulu ezilwaneni nezilwane ezivikelwe, imizamo emikhulu iqondiswa ekubandakanyeni izakhamuzi zendawo emizamweni yokongiwa nokwakha umuzwa oqinile wokusekela.