IJapane, i-China ne-India zonke ziphakeme kakhulu ngezinhlekelele zemvelo
Uma kuziwa ngokuphepha ukuhamba, izimo ezithile ziveza abahambi ukuba bangene ezingeni eliphakeme kunezinye. Umsebenzi wezobugebengu (kuhlanganise nobuphekula), ukugwinya, kanye nezingozi zomgwaqo kwenza bonke abahamba ngezinyathelo ezingcupheni eholidini. Nokho, naphezu kokuhlelwa kwethu okuhle, ezinye izimo azikwazi ukubikezelwa noma zilungiselelwe.
Izinhlekelele zemvelo zingathuthuka ngokuzumayo futhi ngaphandle kwesixwayiso, zibeke abahamba esengozini ngokushesha ngenkathi besuka ekhaya.
Izingozi zingavela emhlabathini, olwandle, noma emoyeni, njengokuzamazama komhlaba, ama-tsunami, noma iziphepho kungasongela ukuphila komhambi kanye nokuphila.
Ngo-2014, umhlinzeki womshuwalense wamazwe omhlaba waseSwitzerland uqedile ukuhlaziywa kwezindawo ezingozini enkulu engozini yemvelo . Uma sicabangela izinhlobo eziyisihlanu zezigameko, lezi zindawo zitholakala engozini enkulu uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo.
Ukuzamazama komhlaba: IJapan neCalifornia engozini enkulu
Kuzo zonke izinhlekelele zemvelo, ukuzamazama komhlaba kungase kube nzima kakhulu ukubikezela. Kodwa-ke, labo abahlala emaphandleni noma eduze kwamaphutha baqonda ukuthi ukuzamazama komhlaba kungadala ingozi. Njengoba kutholakala eNepal , ukuzamazama komhlaba kunamandla okulimala ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.
Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa komhlaba, ukuzamazama komhlaba kubhekene nenhlekelele yesibili enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni jikelele, okungaba nomthelela ku-283 million emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuzamazama komhlaba kufana nokusongela okukhulu ezindaweni eziningana eduze kwe "Ring of Fire" e-Pacific Ocean.
Nakuba i- Jakarta, i-Indonesia ibekwe njengengozi enkulu kakhulu yokuzamazama komhlaba , izindawo ezinkulu kakhulu ezingase zithinteke zikhona eJapane naseCalifornia.
Ukuhlaziywa kubonisa uma kwenzeka ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu, izindawo ezintathu zaseJapan zisengozini enkulu: iTokyo, Osaka-Kobe, neNagoya. Izinkathazo ziyizinhlekelele ezinkulu zemvelo ezindaweni ezimbili eCalifornia: Los Angeles naseSan Francisco.
Abahambi kulezi zindawo kufanele babukeze izinhlelo zokuphepha komhlaba ngaphambi kokuhamba.
I-tsunami: i-Equador ne-Japan engozini enkulu
Ukuhamba ngezinyawo nokuzamazama komhlaba kukhona ama-tsunami. I-tsunami ikhiwa ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu noma ukuzamazama komhlaba olwandle, ukuhamba kwamagagasi nokuhambisa amagagasi amanzi emadolobheni angasogwini ngamaminithi.
Njengoba sifundile ngo-2011, ama-tsunami asengozini enkulu ezingxenyeni eziningi zaseJapane. Ukuhlaziywa kwembula ukuthi ama-tsunami aphezulu kakhulu engozini eNoyaya nase-Osaka-Kobe, eJapane. I-Guayaquil, i-Ecuador nayo yatholakala ukuthi isengozini enkulu yokuthola i-tsunami.
Ukuvinjelwa Kwemoya: I-China namaPhilippines abasengozini enkulu
Abahambayo abaningi balinganisa iziphepho ngemvula noma ukuqoqa iqhwa, ngokumelene nesivinini somoya. Zombili imvula kanye nemimoya zixhunyaniswe kakhulu: labo abahlala eduze noLwandle lwe-Atlantic noma i-Asia engasogwini bangabonisa izingozi zomsindo womoya njengengxenye yesiphepho. Ijubane lomoya lodwa lingaletha umonakalo omkhulu ekuvukeni kwawo.
Nakuba ukuhlaziywa akuzange kubheke iziphepho, iziphepho zomoya zodwa zisakwazi ukudala umonakalo omkhulu. Bobabili iManila ePhilippines nasePearl River Delta yaseChina babekwe engozini enkulu yokuvunguza izivunguvungu zomoya. Indawo ngayinye ihlala ogwini elinabantu abanzi kakhulu, lapho isimo sezulu esenzeka ngokwemvelo singenza iziphepho ezinkulu ngesivinini esifushane.
Ukuqhuma Kwesimo Sogu lolwandle: eNew York nase-Amsterdam engozini enkulu
Ngesikhathi abahambi bangase bahlanganise iNew York City ngezinkinga eziningi zokuhamba, izikhukhula zesiphepho zibuye zisho ingozi enkulu kulabo abasedolobheni elikhulu. Isivunguvungu uSandy sabonisa izingozi zemvelo zesiphepho esiphezulu esiya edolobheni elikhulu laseNew York, kuhlanganise neNewark, eNew Jersey. Ngenxa yokuthi idolobha liseduze nelwandle, ukuqhuma kwesiphepho kungadala umonakalo omkhulu ngesikhathi esincane.
Nakuba isivunguvungu singeke sifike enyakatho yeYurophu, i-Amsterdam nayo isengozini enkulu yokukhuphuka kwesiphepho ngenxa yesibalo esikhulu samanzi awela edolobheni. Nakuba eziningi zalezi zindawo ziqiniswa ngokumelene nokubi kakhulu, kungase kudingeke ukuhlola umbiko wesimo sezulu isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokufika.
Umkhukula weMfula: i-Shanghai ne-Kolkata engozini enkulu
Ngaphandle kwezikhukhula zesiphepho sogwini, izikhukhula zomfula zingakha izinkinga ezinkulu kubahambi emhlabeni jikelele.
Lapho imvula yenqabela ukumisa, imifula ingashesha ngokushelela ngaphesheya kwamabhange, idale isimo esiyingozi kakhulu ngisho nomhambi ohambele kakhulu.
Imizi emibili yase-Asia ibonakala isengozini enkulu yezikhukhula: i-Shanghai, i-China ne-Kolkata, e-India. Ngenxa yokuthi kokubili le mizi yayisungulwe eduze kwama-deltas amakhulu nezindawo zezikhukhula, imvula eqhubeka njalo ingabeka enye yale mizi ngaphansi kwamanzi ngokushesha, okungaba nezigidi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziywa kwaveza amanye amadolobha amaningana ahlelwe emanzini ukuba abe engozini enkulu evela emfuleni, kuhlanganise naseParis, eMexico City naseNew Delhi.
Nakuba izinhlekelele zemvelo zingaba nzima ukubikezela, abahambi bangakwazi ukuzilungiselela ngaphambi kokuhamba phambili. Ngokuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izindawo ezibangelwa inhlekelele yemvelo, abahambi bangakwazi ukulungiselela ngemfundo, amapulani, nokuhamba umshwalense ngaphambi kokuhamba.