Ucabanga ukuthi uyazi konke okungaziwa mayelana nentaba ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni? Cabanga futhi! Sinamaphuzu ayisikhombisa amancane awaziwa ngoMt. U-Everest onesiqiniseko sokukunika umbono omusha kule nkinga yesithonjana.
01 ngo-07
Kanjani I-Tall i-Everest?
Umbono ovulekile we-Everest. Paula Bronstein / Getty Images Emuva ngo-1955 iqembu labahloli bomdabu baseNdiya bavakashela u-Everest ukwenza isilinganiso esiphezulu sokuphakama kwentaba. Besebenzisa imishini engcono kakhulu yosuku, baqaphela ukuthi limi ngamamitha angama-29,029 ngaphezu kolwandle, okuhlala kube yizinga eliphezulu elisemthethweni elaziwa yiNepali nohulumeni baseShayina kuze kube yilolu suku.
Kodwa ngo-1999 i-National Geographic Team yafaka idivayisi ye-GPS esiqongweni futhi yabhala ubude njengamamitha angu-29,035. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngo-2005, iqembu le-Chinese lisebenzisa izinsimbi ezicacile ukuze zilinganise intaba njengoba yayizohlala ngaphandle kweqhwa neqhwa eliqoqiwe phezulu. Ukulinganisa kwabo okusemthethweni kwafika ngamamitha angu-29,017.
Nguyiphi yalezi zilinganiso ezilungile? Njengamanje, ukuphakama okusemthethweni kwe-Everest kunamamitha angama-29,029, kepha izinhlelo zikhona ukukala intaba futhi, ikakhulukazi njengoba kukholelwa ukuthi ukuphakama kungenzeka ukuthi kushintshile emva kokuzamazama komhlaba kuka-2015. Mhlawumbe sizokugcina ekuvumelaneni kokuphakama kweqiniso ekugcineni.
02 ngo-07
I-Mystery ye-Mallory's Camera
UGeorge Mallory no-Andrew Irvine e-Himalaya. Umhlangano wokuqala ophumelelayo ka-Everest wabhalwa ngu-Edmund Hillary no-Tenzing Norgay ngoMeyi 29, 1953. Kodwa, kukhona abanye abakholelwa ukuthi empeleni bekhuphuke kakhulu kakhulu.
Emuva ngo-1924, umkhumbi ogama lakhe linguGeorge Mallory, kanye nomlingani wakhe u-Andrew Irvine, babeyingxenye yenkambiso yokuzama ukuqedela ukuphakama kokuqala kwentaba. Leli duo lagcina libonakala ngoJuni 8 walolo nyaka nje ngezansi komhlangano kodwa yenza intuthuko eqhubekayo phezulu. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, bamane bashabalala, bashiya imfihlakalo yezintaba iminyaka eminingi. Ingabe ngempela bakwenza phezulu cishe cishe amashumi amathathu ngaphambi kukaHillary noNorgay noma ngabe babhubha emzamweni?
Ngonyaka ka-1999, iqembu labagibeli abathola iminyango ye-Mallory liphakeme emahlombe ase-Everest. Umzimba awuncane ukuveza ukuthi ngabe ufike ngempela yini emhlanganweni noma ngeshwa ukuthi ikhamera yeqembu ayitholakali phakathi kwegeyimu yakhe. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-Irvine empeleni yayithwele ikhamera lapho yenza umthamo wayo, futhi leyo divayisi ingabamba ubufakazi bokufakazela impumelelo noma ukwehluleka kwabo. Kuze kube manje, umzimba ka-Irvine - nekhamela - ayitholakalanga, kodwa uma ivuliwe, ingase ishintshe umlando wokuqhafaza kuze kube phakade.
03 ka-07
Ngubani oye wahamba kakhulu kunazo zonke?
Ukugibela i-Khumbu Valley kuya e-Everest Base Camp. Kraig Becker Ukunyuka kwe-Everest akuyona into encane, futhi ukufinyelela phezulu kuqhubeka ukufeza okukhulu. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, ukukhuphuka intaba kanye nje akwanele. Eqinisweni, amadoda amabili - Apa Sherpa noPhurba Tashi Sherpa - aboshwe emaphethelweni aphumelele kakhulu entabeni. Bobabili abakhuphuka baye bema phezulu kwezinga eliphakeme kakhulu eMhlabeni ngezikhathi ezingu-21 ngamunye .
Irekhodi lamaphethelo amaningi yi-non-Sherpa ibanjwe yi-American Dave Hahn, umhlahlandlela we-RMI Expeditions. Wenze uhambo oluya enkundleni izikhathi ezingu-15 futhi. Owesifazane onokwenyuka kakhulu u-Lhakpa Sherpa, oye wakhuphuka entabeni ephindwe izikhathi ezingu-8.
04 ka 07
Ama-Ascents okusheshayo
I-North Side yeMt. Everest eTibet. Joe Hastings Kwabaningi abakhuphukayo, ukufika kule nhlangano kuthatha izinsuku eziningana ngezimiso ezinkampanini ezihlukene ukuze ziphumule futhi zilulame endleleni. Kodwa abalpinist abambalwa abanekhono baye bakwazi ukuhamba kusukela e-Base Camp kuze kube semhlanganweni ngesikhathi esisheshayo ngokukhawuleza, ukubeka amarekhodi okusheshayo enkambisweni.
Isibonelo, isikhathi esisheshayo somhlangano we-Everest ovela eNingizimu Side eNepal njengamanje okhethwe yiLakpa Gelu Sherpa ophumelele ukusuka eBBC kuya phezulu emahoreni angu-10 kuphela kanye nemizuzu engu-56 emuva ngo-2003. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, eNyakatho Side I-Tibet, irekhodi limi amahora angu-16 nemizuzu engu-45 futhi yabekwa i-Italian mountaineer Hans Kammerlander emuva ngo-1996.
05 ka-07
Umkhosi wePuja: Ukufuna Imvume Kusuka KuNkulunkulu Wezintaba
Amafulegi omthandazo wamaBuddha e-Himalaya. Kraig Becker Esikhathini sobuBuddhist se-Himalaya Everest saziwa ngokuthi yiChoololma, esichazela "uMamakazi wezintabakazikazikazi." Njengoba kunjalo, ukuphakama kubonakala endaweni esabayo, kudinga bonke abazintaba ukuba bacele imvume kanye nephephile ephephile ngaphambi kokuba bahambe kancane entabeni. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi semikhosi ye-puja, ejwayele ukugcinwa e-Base Camp ngaphambi kokuqala kwentaba.
I-puja yenziwa yiBuddhist Lama namakholi amabili noma ngaphezulu, abakha ukushintsha kwamatshe emakamu. Phakathi nomkhosi bacela inhlanhla kanye nokuvikelwa njengoba abagibeli bekulungele ukukhuphuka kwabo. Bayawubusisa imishini yokugijima yeqembu, kufaka phakathi ama-icexes, ama-crampons, ama-harness, njalonjalo.
Kubantu baseSherpa lokhu kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile okufanele sigcwaliswe ngaphambi kokuqala ukuhambela. Iningi ngeke libeke ngisho no-Everest ongekho ngaphandle kokuqala i-puja kuqala. Ingabe lokhu yiyizinkolelo-ze nje? Kungenzeka kungenzeka. Kodwa futhi kuyisiko elibuyela emuva emakhulwini eminyaka.
06 ka-07
Izimbongolo ezindala kunazo zonke nezindala
Umbono ka-Everest kusukela eNingizimu Side eNepal. Anju Sherpa Ubudala bungumane nje uma kuziwa ekukhuphukeni kwe-Everest. Ngokuqinisekile, iningi lalabo abaya entabeni bahlangene nabagibeli abaneminyaka engama-30 nangama-40, kodwa abanye ngokuqinisekile bawela ngaphandle kwaleyo minyaka yobudala. Isibonelo, irekhodi lomkhumbi omdala kunazo zonke ozofika kulo mhlangano njengamanje ligcinwe ngu Yuichiro Miura waseJapane, owayeneminyaka engama-80, ezinsukwini ezingu-224 ubudala lapho ebuyela emuva ngo-2013. Umuntu omncane kakhulu ozohlala entabeni yi-American Jordan U-Romero, owenze lokho okufanayo eminyakeni eyishumi nambili, izinyanga ezingu-10, nezinsuku ezingu-10 ngo-2010.
Muva nje, ohulumeni baseNepal naseChina bavumelene ukubeka imingcele yobudala kulabo abagibelayo, abafuna ukuba okungenani babe neminyaka engu-16 ngaphambi kokuzama intaba. Womabili amazwe asuse i-cap ngesikhathi, nakuba abanye abagibeli abaphezulu bangadingeka ukuba badlule ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuqala ukuhambela kwabo.
Ngokudabukisayo, uMurasa wadlula e-Everest ngo-2017 ngenkathi ezama ukufika enkundleni futhi eneminyaka engu-85.
07 ka-07
Akusiyo Empeleni Intaba Edelele Kuleli Planethi
Isiqongo seqhwa saseMauna Kea eHawaii. U-Alden Reikoff Ngenkathi ingqungquthela ye-Everest ingaba yindawo ephakeme kakhulu emhlabeni, akusiyo intaba ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Lokho kuhlukaniswa kuya kuMauna Kea eHawaii, empeleni ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-33,465, ugcwele 4436 ubude obude kune-Everest.
Ngakho kungani uMauna Kea engabonanga phezulu kunalokho? Ngoba iningi lentaba lihlezi ngaphansi kwezilwandle. Ingqungquthela yayo iphakama kuphela ngamamitha angu-13 796 ngaphezu kolwandle, okwenza kubonakale sengathi ubukhulu obukhulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namaqhawe ase-Himalaya.