Indawo, Umlando, Izindleko Zokukhuphuka, Nenye Intshisekelo Yentaba Everest Facts
I-Mount Everest itholakala emngceleni ophakathi kweTibet neNepal ema-Himalaya ase-Asia.
I-Everest ikhona e-Mahalangur Range kwi-Plateau yaseTibetan eyaziwa njengeQing Zang Gaoyuan. Le ngqungquthela iphakathi kweTibet neNepal ngqo.
INtaba Everest igcina inkampani ethile ende. I-Mahalangur Range iyinhloko yezintaba eziyisithupha eziphakeme kakhulu zomhlaba. Intaba ye-Everest i-looms ngemuva. Izikhathi zokuqala eNepal ngokuvamile aziqiniseki ukuthi iyiphi intaba i-Everest kuze kube yilapho umuntu ecacisa kubo!
Ehlangothini lweNepali, iNtaba Everest isendaweni yeSagarmatha National Park esifundeni saseSolukhumbu. Ehlangothini lwaseTibet, iNtaba i-Everest isendaweni yeTingri County endaweni ye-Xigaze, yiziphi i- China ezizibheka njengesifunda esizimele futhi ingxenye yeRiphabhuliki Yabantu YaseChina.
Ngenxa yemingcele yezombangazwe nezinye izinto, uhlangothi lwe-Nepali lwe-Everest lufinyeleleka kakhulu futhi luvame ukubonakala. Uma othile ethi " baya e-Everest Base Camp ," bakhuluma ngeSouth Base Camp ngamamitha angu-17 588 eNepal.
Iphakeme kangakanani i-Mount Everest?
Ucwaningo olwamukelwe yiNepal neChina (okwamanje) lwaveza: ngamamitha angu-8 840 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthukisa, amasu okuhlola ahlukahlukene aqhubeka enza imiphumela ehlukene yokuphakama ngokoqobo kweNtaba i-Everest. Izazi ze-geologists azivumelani ukuthi ngabe izilinganiso kufanele zisekelwe eqhweni noma eqenjini elingunaphakade. Ukwengeza ekucindezelekeni kwabo, ukunyakaza kwe-tectonic kwenza intaba ikhule kancane kancane ngonyaka!
Emamitha angu-8 840) ngaphezu kwezinga elwandle, iNtaba i-Everest iyintaba ephakeme kunazo zonke futhi evelele emhlabeni esekelwe ekulinganiseni kolwandle.
I-Himalayas yase-Asia-indawo ephakeme kunazo zonke ezintabeni emhlabeni- ngaphesheya kwamazwe ayisithupha: i-China, i-Nepal, i-India, i-Pakistan, i- Bhutan ne-Afghanistan. I-Himalaya isho ukuthi "indawo yokuhlala yeqhwa" ngesiSanskrit.
Igama elithi "Everest" Livelaphi?
Ngokumangalisayo, intaba ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni ayizange ithole igama layo laseNtshonalanga kunoma ubani oye wakhuphuka. Le ntaba ibizwa ngokuthi uSir George Everest, umSolver Surveyor General waseNdiya ngaleso sikhathi. Wayengafuni udumo futhi wabhikisha lo mbono ngezizathu eziningi.
Izibalo zezombangazwe ngo-1865 azange zilalele futhi zisho kabusha ngokuthi "Peak XV" kuya "Everest" ngokuhlonishwa kukaSir George Everest. Okubi nakakhulu, ukuhumusha kwesiWalld empeleni "ukuphumula okuphumula" hhayi "Ever-est"!
I-Mount Everest isivele inezinhlamvu eziningana zendawo ezihunyushwe ngezilimi ezahlukene, kodwa akekho okwakungavamile ukwenza isikhulu ngaphandle kokulimaza imizwa yomuntu. I-Sagarmatha, igama lesiNepali lika-Everest nepaki lezwe elizungezile, alizange lisetshenziswe kuze kube yi-1960.
Igama lesiTibetan lika-Everest li-Chomolungma elisho ukuthi "uMama Ongcwele."
Kungakanani Okubalulekile Ukukhuphuka Intaba Everest?
Ukunyuka kwe-Mount Everest kuyabiza . Futhi ingenye yalezo zenzo lapho ungafuni ngempela ukusika izingcingo kumishini eshibhile noma ukuqasha umuntu ongazi ukuthi benzani.
Imvume evela kuhulumeni waseNepal ibiza u-US $ 11,000 ngomkhumbi ngamunye. Leliphepha elibizayo. Kodwa amanye ama-non-kangaka-kancane amanani kanye namacala akhokhela ngokushesha.
Uzokhokhiswa ngosuku ngosuku oluyisisekelo ukuze uthole umsindisi esandleni, umshuwalense ukuze uthole umzimba wakho ukhiphe uma kunesidingo ... izimali zingakwazi ukukhuphukela ku-$ 25,000 ngaphambi kokuthi uthenge ucezu lokuqala lwemishini noma uqashe uSherpas nomqondisi.
I "Ice Doctor" uSherpas olungiselela umzila wenkathi ufuna isinxephezelo. Uyobe ukhokha imali yansuku zonke kubapheki, ukufinyeleleka kwefoni, ukususwa kwemfucuza, izibikezelo zesimo sezulu, njll-ungaba e-Base Camp kuze kube izinyanga ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, kuye ngokuthi ubeka isikhathi eside kangakanani.
I-gear engakwazi ukumelana nesihogo esivela kuhambo lwe-Everest ayithethi. Ibhodlela elilodwa le-oksijini elingu-3 litre elingaphansi lingaba ngaphezu kwamaRandi 500 ngamunye. Uzodinga okungenani amahlanu, mhlawumbe ngaphezulu. Kuzodingeka uthenge ne-Sherpas, futhi. Ama-boots alinganisiwe kahle kanye ne-suti yokukhuphuka izobamba okungenani ama-$ 1,000.
Ukukhetha izinto ezishibhile kungakudla izinzwani. Igiya lomuntu siqu livame ukugijima phakathi kuka- $ 7,000-10,000 nge-expedition ngayinye.
Ngokusho komlobi, isikhulumi, no-Seven-Summit okhumbule u-Alan Arnette, intengo ejwayelekile yokufinyelela enkundleni ye-Everest evela eningizimu ne-Western guide yayiyi $ 64,750 ngo-2017.
Ngo-1996, ithimba likaJon Krakauer likhokha imali engu-R565 000 ngenyanga. Uma ufuna ngempela ukwandisa amathuba akho okufinyelela phezulu futhi uhlala uphila ukuze utshele ngakho, uzofuna ukuqasha uDavid Hahn. Njengoba ezama imihlangano engu-15 ephumelelayo, unomlando womqambi ongewona u-Sherpa. Ukumaketha naye kuzokubiza ngaphezulu kuka-115,000.
Ngubani okhuphuke iNtaba Everest First?
USir Edmund Hillary, umlimi wezinyosi waseNew Zealand kanye neNepalese Sherpa, Ukuqothula uNorgay, bebeyokuqala ukufika engqungqutheleni ngoMeyi 29, 1953, ngo-11: 30 ekuseni. Kubikwa ukuthi i-duo ingcwatshise amanye ama-candies nesiphambano esincane ngaphambi kokuba ihle gubha ukuba yingxenye yomlando.
Ngaleso sikhathi, iTibet yayivaliwe kubantu bezinye izizwe ngenxa yokungqubuzana neChina. I-Nepal yavumela uhambo olulodwa lwe-Everest ngonyaka; izinkathi ezedlule zafika kakhulu kakhulu kodwa zahluleka ukufika kule nkulumo.
Ukuphikisana nemibono isathukuthele ngokuthi ngabe uBrithani Mallory oyintaba yeBrithani noma ngabe wafika emhlanganweni ngo-1924 ngaphambi kokushabalala entabeni. Umzimba wakhe awutholakalanga kuze kufike ngo-1999. U-Everest uhle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izingxabano kanye noqhinga.
Amarekhodi ahlonishwayo e-Everest
- U-Apa Sherpa ufinyelele ngempumelelo kule nkomfa ngo-May 2011. Manje uhlala e-Utah.
- Ngo-2013, uSherpa Phurba Tashi ubophe u-Apa Sherpa nomzamo wakhe wokuphumelela wesithathu. U-Tashi uyaziwa kakhulu ngendima yakhe encwadini edabukisayo kaSherpa ka-2015.
- I-American Dave Hahn inombolo yokurekhoda yemizamo ephumelelayo ye-non-Sherpa; wafika enkundleni ngesikhatsi sakhe leshumi nanhlanu ngoMeyi 2013.
- UJordan Romero-umfana oneminyaka engu-13 ubudala waseCalifornia-wabeka irekhodi lokuba ngumncane kunazo zonke ukunyuka eNtabeni i-Everest ngoMeyi 22, 2010. Wenza lesi sihloko noyise nomama wesinyathelo. Waqhubeka waba mncane kakhulu ekuqedeni ukukhuphuka ama-Summit ayisikhombisa.
- UMelika Melissa Arnot wamemela okwesikhombisa ngonyaka ka-2013. Uphethe irekhodi lamaphethelo aphumelelayo ngumfazi ongeyena uSherpa.
Ukukhuphuka iNtaba Everest
Ngenxa yokuthi ingqungquthela ibheke phakathi kweTibet neNepal, iNtaba i-Everest ingakhuphuka noma isuka ohlangothini lwaseTibet (ohlangothini olusenyakatho) noma ohlangothini lwaseNepal (eningizimu-mpumalanga).
Ukuqala eNepal futhi ukukhuphuka ukusuka eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-ridge ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokulula, kokubili ukuzintaba nokuzikhethela. Ukunyuka ukusuka enyakatho kungabiza kancane, kodwa, ukuhlengwa kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi izindiza zezindiza azivunyelwe ukuba zihambe ohlangothini lwaseTibetan.
Abaningi abagibelayo bazama ukunyuka eNtabeni i-Everest ukusuka eningizimu-ntshonalanga eNepal, eqala ngamamitha angu-17,598 ukusuka e-Everest Base Camp.
Yehla eNtabeni Everest
Ukufa okuningi eNtabeni i-Everest kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Kuye ngokuthi yisiphi isikhathi abagibeli abahamba ngayo, kumele bahlele ngokushesha lapho befika phezulu ukuze bagweme ukuphuma emoyeni. Isikhathi sihlala simelene nabagibeli be-Death Zone. Abambalwa kakhulu baqala ukuphuma, baphumule, noma bajabulele umbono ngemuva komsebenzi wonke onzima!
Nakuba abanye abakhuphukayo bahlala isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukwenza ucingo lwe-satellite ekhaya.
Ukuphakama okuphakeme ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-8,000 (26,000 feet) phezulu kubhekwa ngokuthi "Indawo Yokufa" ekuzintabeni. Indawo iyahlala egameni layo. Amazinga e-oksijeni kulelo phasi alincanyana kakhulu (cishe ingxenye yesithathu yomoya okhona olwandle) ukuze asekele impilo yabantu. Abaningi abagibeli, sebevele bekhathele yilo mzamo, bazofa ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuphefumula oksijini.
Ukwehla kwesibindi sokuphindaphindiwe kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka endaweni yokufa, okwenza abagibeli bephuphutheke. Umkhuhlane waseBrithani oneminyaka engu-28 ubudala wabulawa ngo-2010 ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwakhe futhi wabhubha entabeni.
Ngo-1999, u-Babu Chiri Sherpa wabeka irekhodi elisha ngokuhlala engqungqutheleni amahora angaphezu kwama-20. Waze walala nentaba! Ngokudabukisayo, umhlahlandlela onzima waseNepalese wabulawa ngo-2001 ngemuva kokuwa komzamo wakhe wesi-11.
Ukushona kwe-Everest
Nakuba ukufa eNtabeni i-Everest kuthola ukunakwa kwezindaba ngenxa yokuthi intaba ayihloniphi, u-Everest ngokuqinisekile akuyona intaba ebulalayo emhlabeni.
I-Annapurna I eNepal inezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokufa kwabantu abagibeli, cishe amaphesenti angama-34-abangaphezu kwabayisishiyagalombili kwabagibeli ababhubhayo babulawa ngokwesilinganiso. Ngokumangalisayo, u-Annapurna ugcina ohlwini lwezintaba eziphakeme kakhulu eziphezulu ezingu-10 emhlabeni wonke. Ezingamaphesenti angama-29, i-K2 inezinga lokubulala lokubili.
Uma kuqhathaniswa, iNtaba i-Everest inezinga lokubulawa kwamanje elingamaphesenti angu-4-5; Ukufa kwabantu abangaphansi kuka-5 ngomhlangano ngamunye kuyamazama. Lesi sibalo asifaki nalabo abafele ezitokisini ezihlasela i-Base Camp.
Isikhathi esibucayi kunazo zonke emlandweni wezinyathelo zika-Everest kwaba ngo-1996 lapho isimo sezulu esibi nesinqumo esibi senza ukufa kwabagibeli abayi-15. Isikhathi esiyingozi eNtabeni i-Everest yilokhu okugxilwe ezincwadini eziningi, kuhlanganise noJon Krakauer ku-Thin Air .
I-avalanche ebulalayo kakhulu emlandweni weNtaba Everest yenzeke ngo-Ephreli 25, 2015, lapho okungenani abantu abangu-19 balahlekelwa yi-Base Camp. Lesi siphepho sabangelwa ukuzamazama komhlaba okwabhubhisa ingxenye enkulu yezwe. Ngonyaka odlule, i-avalanche yabulala uSherpas ku-Base Camp ababesebenzela imizila yonyaka. Isikhathi sokukhuphuka sasivalelwa.
Ukugibela e-Everest Base Camp
I-Everest Base Camp eNepal ivakashelwe yizinkulungwane zabahamba ngonyaka. Akukho okuhlangenwe nakho kwezintaba noma imishini yezobuchwepheshe okudingekayo ukuze kufike ukunyuka okunzima. Kodwa nakanjani uzodingeka ukwazi ukubhekana nokubandayo (amakamelo alula e-plywood asezindlini azihambisani) futhi agxile ekuphakameni.
E-Camp Camp, kunezingxenye ezingamaphesenti angu-53 kuphela zomoya ophefumula olwandle. Abaqashi abaningana ngonyaka banganaki izibonakaliso zokugula okuMnandi kweNtaba futhi empeleni babhubhise endleleni. Okumangalisa ukuthi labo abahamba ngokuzimela eNepal banenkinga encane. Ithiyori egijima ibonisa ukuthi abahamba ngezinkambo ezihleliwe bayesaba kakhulu ukuyeka iqembu ngokukhuluma ngekhanda.
Ukungazinaki izibonakaliso ze-AMS (ukukhanda ikhanda, isizungu, ukudideka) kuyingozi kakhulu-ungazi!
Izintaba eziThumi ezide kakhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni
Izindlela zisezingeni elwandle.
- I-Mount Everest: Amamitha angu-8 850 amamitha angu-8 850
- I-K2 (ephakathi kweChina nePakistan): amamitha angu-28,251 (8,611 amamitha)
- I-Kangchenjunga (ephakathi kweNdiya neNepal): ngamamitha angu-8,586 ngamamitha angu-8,586
- I-Lhotse (ingxenye ye-Everest uhla): amamitha angu-27,940 (amamitha angu-8,516)
- I-Makalu (ephakathi kweNepal neChina): ngamamitha angu-8 485 ngamamitha angu-8 485)
- Cho Oyu (eduze kweNtaba Everest phakathi kweNepal neChina): amamitha angu-8 188 amamitha angu-8 188)
- I-Dhaulagiri I (eNepal): ngamamitha angu-26,795 (amamitha angu-8 167)
- I-Manaslu (eNepal): Amamitha angu-8 163 amamitha angu-16,163
- I-Nay Parbat (Pakistan): ngamamitha angu-8 126 namamitha angu-8,6
- I-Annapurna I (eNepal): ngamamitha angu-26,545 (8,091 amamitha)