IRoma yumuzi owakhiwe phezu kwezendlalelo kanye nezendatshana zomlando, futhi ezindaweni ezimbalwa lokho kubonakala nakakhulu kunaseBasilica di San Clemente, esiseduze neColosseum. Isonto elibukeka sengathi libukeka kahle futhi lihlala labapristi abafundela eRoma, iSan Clemente lizungezwe udonga olude, lwama-nondescript futhi lube nesibonakaliso esincane esilula emnyango. Eqinisweni, kungaba lula ukuhamba phambili futhi wenze kanjalo, ungaphuthelwa nenye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezingaphansi komhlaba ezivubukulwa eRoma.
Ngena ngaphakathi eminyango ethobekile yakwaSan Clemente futhi uzothakazeliswa isonto lamaKatolika lekhulu le-12 leminyaka elihle, elinamathele egolide aqoshiwe, awakhiwe futhi ahlotshisiwe, futhi agqoke izigxobo zemabula. Khona-ke wehla phansi, waya esontweni lesine lekhulu le-4 equkethe ezinye zezinto zokudweba zangaphambili zobuKristu eRoma. Ngaphansi kwalokho yizinsalela zesethempelini lamaqaba lobuqaba lekhulu lesi-3. Kukhona nezinsalela zokuhlala kwekhulu lokuqala, indawo yokukhulekela yobuKristu eyimfihlakalo, noCloaca Maxima, uhlelo lokuhambisa amanzi emzimbeni waseRoma lasendulo. Ukuze uqonde umlando owumklamo wokwakha nezombusazwe waseRoma, ukuvakashela eSan Clemente kuyimfuneko.
Umlando Omfushane WaseBasilica: Kusukela Cult kuya ebuKristwini
Umlando we-Basilica ubude futhi bunzima, kodwa sizozama ukufinyeleleka. Ngokujulile ngaphansi kwesayithi lama-basilica wamanje, amanzi aseqhubeka edabula emfuleni ongaphansi komhlaba oyingxenye yeCloaca Maxima, isimiso se-sewer Roman esakhiwe ngekhulu lesi-6 BC.
Ungabona amanzi asebenzayo ezindaweni ezimbalwa bese uyizwa ezingxenyeni eziningi zokumba. Umsindo wakhe ongaqondakali ohamba kahle ngombono omnyama, obuncane kakhulu obuseduze komhlaba.
Futhi ngaphansi kwesonto lamanje kwakukhona izakhiwo zaseRoma ezabhujiswa ngomlilo omkhulu we-AD 64, owachitha umuzi omkhulu.
Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, izakhiwo ezintsha zakhuphuka phezulu, kuhlanganise ne- insula , noma isakhiwo sezindlu esilula. Eseduze ne-insula kwakuyikhaya elihle lomRoma ocebile, ocatshangwa yibandla ukuba libe umguqulwa wokuqala ebuKristwini. Ngaleso sikhathi, ubuKristu kwakuyizinkolelo eziqashiwe futhi kwakudingeka kwenziwe ngasese. Kucatshangwa ukuthi umninindlu, uTito Flavius Clemens, wavumela amaKristu ukuba akhulekele lapha. Amakamelo ambalwa wendlu angavakashelwa ekuvakasheni komhlaba.
Ekhulwini lesithathu leminyaka (kusukela ku-AD 200) eRoma, ubulungu emphakathini wamaqaba wamaMithras kwakusakazeke. Abalandeli benkolo bakhulekela unkulunkulu uMithras, onomlando wakhe ocatshangwa ukuthi ungumsuka wasePheresiya. I-Mithra ivame ukuhlatshwa inkunzi engcwele, nokuphindaphindiwe kwegazi okuhilela imihlatshelo yezinkunzi kwakuyingxenye ebalulekile yamasiko amaMithraic. E-San Clemente, ingxenye ye-insula yekhulu lokuqala, okungenzeka ukuthi yayingasetshenziswa, yaguqulwa yaba yi- Mithraeum , noma indawo engcwele yehlelo. Le ndawo yokukhulekelwa kwamaqaba, kuhlanganise ne-altare lapho kwakuhlatshwa izinkunzi khona, ingabonakala emhlabathini we-basilica.
Ngomthetho we-313 waseMilan, uMbusi waseRoma uConstantine I, yena kakade uguqukele ebuKristwini, waphela ngokuphumelelayo ukushushiswa kwabakwaChirstians eMbusweni wamaRoma.
Lokhu kwavumela inkolo ukuba ibambe ngokuqinile eRoma, futhi ukukhulekela uMithras kwahlehliswa futhi ekugcineni kwasulwa. Kwakuwumkhuba wokwakha amasonto angamaKristu phezu kwamadolobha okukhulekela asekuqaleni, futhi yilokho okwenzeka eSan Clemente ngekhulu lesine. I-insula yamaRoma, izindlu ezazicatshangwa nguThithu Flavius Clemens, kanye neMithraeum zonke zagcwala imfucuza, futhi isonto elisha lakhiwa phezu kwabo. Yanikezelwa uPapa Clement (uSan Clemente), umguquleli wekhulu lokuqala ukuya ebuKristwini okungenzeka ukuthi wayengumapapa noma kungenzeka ukuthi wayengazange abe yindoda futhi kungenzeka ukuthi angabulawa ngokubanjelwa edwaleni futhi agonywe oLwandle Olumnyama. Isonto lakhula kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-11 leminyaka. Iqukethe izingcezu zamanye amaFresco asekudala aseRoma. Ucabanga ukuthi wadalwa ngekhulu le-11, amafresco aveza impilo nemisebenzi kaSt. Clement futhi angabonwa yizivakashi.
Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi le-12, i-basilica yokuqala yagcwaliswa, futhi isiteshi sezandla samanje sakhiwa phezu kwayo. Nakuba kuqhathaniswa ncane eduze kwamanye ama-asilicas amakhulu eRoma, iphakathi kwezindawo ezihle kunazo zonke eMzini Ongunaphakade, ngokugcizelela, ukuhlobisa ama-mosaics kanye namafresco amahle. Izivakashi eziningi azikwazi ukubuka esontweni ngaphambi kokuba ziqonde ngqo emhlabathini-zingekho ebhokisini eliyigugu lezobuciko be-ecclesiastical.
Uhambo oluya e-Basilica di San Clemente luhlangene kalula nokuvakashela ku-Case Romane del Celio noma i-Domus Aurea, kokubili amasayithi angaphansi komhlaba athakazelisayo. Khumbula ukuvalwa kwemini ntambama eSan Clemente, futhi uhlele ukufika ngaphambi kwemini noma ngemuva kwehora lesithathu ntambama
Ama-basilika wokuvula amahora, izimali zokungena kanye nezinkomba zokufinyelela:
Amahora: I-basilica ivuliwe ngoMsombuluko kuya ngoMgqibelo kusukela ngo-9 ekuseni kuya ku-12: 30 ntambama, futhi kusukela ngo-3: 00 kuya ku-6: 00. Ukungena kokugcina kwisayithi engaphansi komhlaba ku-12: 00 no-5: 30 ntambama NgeSonto namaholidi kahulumeni, kuvulekile 12:15 pm kuya ku-6: 00 ntambama, nomnyango wokugcina ngo-5: 30 ntambama Lindela ukuthi isonto livaliwe ngamaholidi amakhulu enkolo.
Ukungena: Isonto eliphezulu likhululekile ukungena. Kungu-€ 10 umuntu ngamunye ukuba ahambisane nohambo oluziqondisayo lokumba komhlaba. Abafundi (abane-ID evumelekile yomfundi) abaneminyaka engama-26 ubudala bakhokhela i-€ 5, kuyilapho izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-16 zingena mahhala nomzali. Imali yokungena ingumncanyana, kodwa ekugcineni kufanelekile ukubona le ngxenye eyingqayizivele yaseRoma.
Imithetho yezivakashi: Njengoba yindawo yokukhulekela, udinga ukugqoka ngokuzithoba, okusho ukuthi ayikho ama-shorts noma iziketi ezingaphezu kwamadolo futhi ayikho i-top tank. Amakholi weselula kufanele avaliwe futhi izithombe azivunyelwe ngokuphelele emibuthanweni.
Ukungena nokufinyelela: Nakuba ikheli lihamba nge-Labicana, umnyango empeleni uhlangothi oluyinkimbinkimbi, ku-Via San Giovanni e-Laterano. Ngeshwa, akuyona isonto noma ukuthungwa kwezihlalo zabakhubazekile. Ukufinyelela esontweni nasezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba kuhamba ngezindiza ezinamandla.
Indawo futhi Ufika Lapho:
I-Basilica di San Clemente itholakala eRione i-Monti, indawo yaseRoma eyaziwa njengeMonti. Isonto lihamba ngezinyawo ezingu-7 ukusuka eColosseum.
Ikheli: Via Labicana 95
Ukuthutha Okusesidlangalaleni: Kusuka esiteshini seColosseo Metro, isonto lihamba ngezinyawo ezingu-8. Kuyindlela ehamba ngamaminithi angu-10 ukusuka esiteshini saseManzoni. Amathremu amathathu no-8, kanye namabhasi 51, 85 no-87 bonke bajame esitobhini se-Labicana sokuhamba, cishe uhambo lwamaminithi amabili ukusuka esitokisini.
Uma usuvele uhlola indawo yeColosseum neForamu, kuyasebenza kakhulu ukuhamba uye esontweni.
Iziqhingi kanye nezokuvakasha eziseduze:
- I-Colosseum , isikhumbuzo sasendulo esidumile seRoma
- Iforamu yamaRoma , indawo yokuphila komphakathi e-Imperial Rome
- I-Palatine Hill, kanye nendawo yendlu yamakhosi ase-emperors
- ISan Giovanni e-Laterano , isonto elisemthethweni lasePapa eRome
- Case Romane del Celio, izindlu zaseRoma ezinamafresco agcinwe kahle.
- I-Domus Aurea, indlu kaNero yegolide, ngokuhambela okuqondisiwe ngoMgqibelo nangeSonto kuphela