I "Glorious Revolution", amaWilliam Wars kanye no-1690
NgoJulayi 1, 1690, amabutho amabili ahlanganisa isiDanishi, isiFulentshi, isiDashi, iHuguenot, isiJalimane, isiNgisi kanye namabutho ase-Ireland ahlangana emfuleni weMfula Boyne ngaseDrogheda . Bobabili baholwa amadoda ephikelela ukuthi yiwo kuphela owawuyiNkosi efanele yaseNgilandi. Amandla amakhulu amabili womabili akakaze ahlanganyele empini. I-Battle of the Boyne yayingakapheli nganoma iyiphi indlela. Kwakungeyona neze nge-Ireland - kodwa yaba yinye yezenzakalo eziphawulekayo kakhulu emlandweni wase-Ireland.
1688 - I-Glorious Revolution
Ukuze uchaze i-Battle of the Boyne umuntu kufanele aqale esiyimbangela yaso. I-King James II yaseNgilandi, iStuart, yavusa amaphalamende ePhalamende laseWestminster ngamapolitiki akhe asabelayo kanye nezinyathelo zakhe ezicacile ezandleni zesonto lamaKatolika. Ephumelela umfowabo uCharles II njengenkosi, uJames wayeseneminyaka engu-51 ubudala futhi engalindelekile ukuba ahlale. Noma ukwakha ubukhosi - wayengenamntwana. Futhi ngokulandelayo kwesihlalo sobukhosi kwakunguMary, umshana kaCharles, oshade noWilliam - oyisikhulu esiphezulu saseYurophu njengamanje ongumgcini we-(ongumProthestani onamandla) waseNetherlands.
Nakuba izinkolelo zakhe ezingokwenkolo zingase zibekezeleleke okwesikhashana, uJames uthi 'umbusi ophelele wathola izindlu zePhalamende ezihlangene ngokushesha. Eminyakeni engaphansi kwengu-40 eyedlule inhloko yenkosi yaqothulwa ngezinhloso ezifanayo. Ezinyangeni ezine emva kokuba uJacob II evunyelwe ukuhlubuka kokuqala ngaphansi kukaDuke waseMonmouth (umshana wakhe, noma ngabe engekho emthethweni) wehlulekile.
I-"Blood Assizes" yalandelwa, ikhuluma ekhaya ngokoqobo lobukhosi obuphelele.
Umhlanga wokugcina ufike ngo-Juni 10, 1688, ngendlela ye-Prince of Wales - njengokungathi ngomlingo uJames uphumelele ngokuzumayo ekwakheni indlalifa yesilisa! Ukulandelana kwamaKatolika kwaqinisekiswa.
UWilliam wabeka zonke amaqanda akhe ebhasikisini owodwa, waya eNgilandi ngomkhumbi futhi wafika eBrixham ngoNovemba 5, 1688.
Ukuqinisekisa ukusekelwa kwabaphikisi baseNgilandi, uWilliam wahamba eLondon, waphatha ukuphonsa uJames eNgilandi. I-"Glorious Revolution" yaba yimpumelelo kanti ngoFebhuwari 13 noWilliam noMariya bahlonishwa ngezikhulu ezihlanganyelwe - emva kokusayina uMthethosivivinywa Wamalungelo futhi nokwenza umbuso ophelele ungenakwenzeka.
Ama-Jacobites Aphikisana noWilliam
I-Glorious Revolution yaqothula iBrithani ngokwehlukana kwezombangazwe - abasekeli "beNkosi yase-Old" bethembisa ukulwa nokuguqulwa kwezombusazwe ngokubambisana. Baqala ndawonye ndawonye ngokuthiwa uJakobe, uJakobe uyinguqulo yeNgisi yegama leBhayibheli uJakobe. Akumangalisi abasekeli beNkosi uWilliam baziwa ngokuthi yi-Willamites.
Ukubheka le mpikiswano njengenkinga engokwenkolo kuyisenzo esingenalutho - nakuba uJacob 'Katolika' ebangela ukusola futhi ekugcineni kwaholela ekwehleni kwakhe. Izingqinamba zezombusazwe zazibaluleke kakhulu. Futhi uWilliam ongumProthestani empeleni wayesekelwa uPapa Innocent XI. Futhi ama-allies aseYurophu aseYurophu ayesuka kakhulu e-League of Augsburg - i-cabal ehlonishwayo yamaFrance, kodwa kuhlanganisa namaKatolika.
Indawo yokulwa e-Ireland
I-Ireland yaba yindawo yokulwa cishe ngengozi - eshiye iNgilandi, uJacob II wanikela uWilliam umqhele esitokisini esiliva.
Ithemba lakhe kuphela lokubuyiselwa lalihlanganiswe nokubuyela endaweni yakhe. Futhi ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yayibhekwa njengokuphepha futhi ezwela - i-Catholic Ireland, elawulwa ngempumelelo nguJakobe Tyrconnel.
U-Tyrconnel wayezimisele ukunamandla e-Ireland futhi wadlala umdlalo we-cat-and-mouse ohilela u-William, James noLouis XIV waseFrance.
Ngezibusiso zaseFrance nokusekelwa kwezempi uJacob II wafika eKinsale ngoMashi 12, 1689, ezimisele ukuphinde anqobe i-Ireland, kuneScotland, ngaleso sikhathi eNgilandi. Kwabe sekulandela izimpumelelo eziningana zakwaJakobe futhi iSiege of Derry yaqala ngo-Ephreli 16, abaWilliam babonakala belahlekelwa kakhulu. Futhi uJames waze wakwazi ukuzakhela iPhalamende lakhe eDublin.
Kodwa umkhankaso wezempi woMbusi waseSchomberg, ngaleso sikhathi umphathi waseBrandenburg "ngokubolekwa" kuWilliam, wacishe waphenduka lesi simo.
Futhi ngo-June 14, 1690, uWilliam III wangena e-Ireland enhloko yamabutho angu-15 000 (ikakhulukazi isiDashi nesiDanish) - esebenzisa ichweba likaCarrickfergus futhi ehamba eningizimu eDublin ngeNewry naseDrogheda.
UJames II wanquma ukuvimbela lolu hlelo ngokuvikela iDublin ngaseMfuleni Boyne. Ukusebenza i-Drogheda ne-Oldbridge Estate entshonalanga kubukeka njengomqondo omuhle ngaleso sikhathi.
I-Battle of the Boyne ngo-1690
Isimo ekuseni ekuseni ngoJulayi 1, 1690, kwacaca - uWilliam III wayefuna ukudlulela eDublin futhi kwakudingeka athole indlela eya ngaphesheya kwe-Boyne. Kulula kunalokho okwenzekile, uDrogheda ahlala futhi aqinisekiswe ngamabutho akwaJakobe awela eduze kwase-Oldbridge Estate ebheka umgomo kuphela ophumelelayo. Ngakho uWilliam wahamba nezinqola zakhe lapho.
Ukulinda ukumhlangabeza kwakungumkhosi oqotho kuJakobe II, oholwa yindoda ngokwakhe. Futhi yilesi sizathu sokuqala sokuba impi izuze udumo: Kwakuyiyona kuphela isikhathi amakhosi amabili empeleni empini, ebhekene nomunye (noma ukude).
Impi ngokwayo, nakuba igazini ngokwanele, yayingeyona inhlangano enkulu. Amabutho amaningi "alwa" ngaphandle kwe-musket range, abanye bathola (ngokoqobo) bagxiliwe, bancishiswa ukuba bahlasele isitha esishaya emuva esiqeshini sezwe elingenakunqotshwa. Futhi ngenkathi uJakobe enesimo esivikelwe kakhulu amaWilliam angaphezu kokulungisa izinkinga ngokuthola nokusebenzisa izikhali kanye nokuhlomisa amasosha ahlangene. Ngamahora ambalwa la masosha, naphezu kokulahlekelwa uMbusi weSchomberg, akwazi ukuphoqelela umgwaqo ngaphesheya kwe-Boyne, ukubuyisela emuva ukuhlasela nokuphikisana nokubeka indawo ephephile ngaphesheya komfula, phambili ukuya eDublin.
Futhi lapha isimo sezithonjana esitholakalayo sathola - UWilliam wase-Orange owela i-Boyne waba umfanekiso obonakalisiwe namanje. Futhi uJames ubalekela ukulimaza ngaseningizimu, ekugcineni eFrance futhi engazange abuyele, akakhohlwa. Akunakusho kwakhe noTyrconnel ukuthi abantu bakubo basebenza kahle. Ekuphenduleni lapho ebona ukuthi ubonakala sengathi ubalekele.
Kodwa omunye kumele afake ukuthi uJames wayengekho kude kakhulu uphawu - ikakhulukazi imishanguzo ye "Gaelic Irish" iphinde ibonakalise ukuthambekela kwabo ukubuyela ekhaya lapho iphoyisa labo libulawa. "Isizathu" sasiwumqondo omubi kakhulu kubo.
Ukwehluleka Okuqhubekayo Kwebanga likaJakobe
Njengoba iMpi ye-Boyne yayingenaso isinqumo nganoma iyiphi indlela, impi yaqhubeka. Ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yephutha elikhulu likaWilliam - esikhundleni sokukhetha ukuthula nokubuyisana wabulala amaJakobe futhi wathola amagama okujezisa lapho ukuzinikela kwabo kungaqashelwa khona. Izinhliziyo nezingqondo eziwinawo akusobala ukuthi ziphezulu kakhulu ohlelweni lwakhe - ngakho-ke wakwazi ukuqinisa ukuphikiswa kwesitha. Yikuphi okuphela kwesikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ku-Limerick.
AbakwaJakobe benza imizamo emibili eyengeziwe yokubuyisela isihlalo sobukhosi eStuarts - ngo-1715 futhi futhi ngo-1745, okugcina ngaphansi kobuhle kodwa "obumnandi" uBonnie Prince Charlie. Ngemuva kokuthi kubulawe amabutho akhe phakathi neMpi yaseCulloden (eScotland) uJakobe ubangelwa ngokuphumelelayo. Kodwa i-Culloden yaba yinto ephawulekayo yeScotland njengoba iMpi ye-Boyne i-Ireland.
I-Battle of the Boyne njenge-Icon yamaProthestani
Naphezu kokungabi nalutho okuyingqopha-mlando, i-Battle of the Boyne yaba isithonjana seProthestani ne-Unionist - lokhu kwakuyinhloko ngenxa yokuba khona kwamakhosi amabili empini. Isithombe sikaJakobe egijima kuWilliam oyinqobe kwakungcono kakhulu ukumelana nayo. Ngisho noma uWilliam ongumProthestani walwa noJacob Catholic ngokungaqiniseki ukusekelwa kukaPapa Innocent XI!
I-Orange Order, eyasungulwa ngo-1790 ukugcina i-Ascendency yamaProthestani, yenza umkhosi wempi iyisenzakalo esiyinhloko sekhalenda layo. Yikuphi okwamanje namanje - nakuba ukugqama kwenkathi yokuhamba empeleni kwenzeka ngoJulayi 12, usuku olungalungile . NgoJulayi 12 yiholidi lomphakathi eNyakatho ye-Ireland kanti izikhukhula ezinkulu zigcinwa ekugubheni ukunqoba kukaWilliam (kuphela i- Orange Order parade empeleni iqhutshwa eRiphabhliki - eRossnowlagh ). Umcimbi othakazelisayo, nakuba uhlukanisa kakhulu futhi unobumbano ngohlamvu. Futhi njalo ngihlabelela futhi ngidla " I-Sash Ebizwa NguBaba Wami " ...
Futhi ukuvakasha kuka (i-Protestant) iBelfast ngokuqinisekile kuzokuletha ubuso obubhekene nesithombe sesithonjana esishisayo sibe yingqondo yase-Irish - "iNkosi uBilly" esembatho ebomvu, sidinga ihhashi elimhlophe, elikhomba inkemba yakhe ekunqobeni kanye nekusasa eliqhakazile lamaProthestani . Lokhu kumelela kungase kungalungi ngokomlando, kodwa wonke umuntu wesikole wase-Ireland uzoyibona ngokushesha. Kuzo zombili izingxenye zokuhlukanisa. Akumele nje ukuphumelela kwamaProthestani kepha futhi ukuxhumana okusheshayo ne-England.