01 ngo-08
I-Arcade ye-Thornton
Arcade Thornton's Leeds 'Oldest Victorian Arcade iyona endala kunazo eziyisishiyagalombili Arcade ezakhiwe eLeeds ngaphambi 1900. Namuhla ugcwele izitolo ezincane, ikakhulukazi ozimele futhi kubonakala ivan Iehoho ekugcineni. © Ferne Arfin Ayikho i-shophound ebizwa ngegama kufanele ivakashele iYorkshire ngaphandle kokungena ezimakethe ezimnandi zeLeeds nasezindaweni zokuthenga ezitolo. I-Arcades yomlando yedolobha, eyakha i-Victoria Quarter, iyindawo yokuthenga izinto zokunethezeka, imfashini nezincane, ezizimele, ezithengisayo.
I-Victorian ne-Edwardian ephuzile iphuma ku-Briggate ilandela umkhondo wezindlela ezincane nezindawo zokungcebeleka ezivele zibonakala emabalazweni okuqala ale ndawo. Bona ukuqhuma kobuciko nokulindela kwesikhathi. Enganaki phakathi nekhulu le-20 leminyaka, babuyiselwa kuyo yonke inkazimulo yabo ngo-1990 futhi kufanele bavakashele eNyakatho.
I-Arcade ye-Thornton, eyagcwaliswa phakathi kuka-1877 no-1878, yayiyiyokuqala yezindawo ze-Leeds ezingu-8 zokuhweba. Ede futhi encane, inezingalo ze-Gothic namafasitela afana ne-lancet ezindabeni ezingenhla. Bheka phezulu ukubona ama-dragons phansi kwezinto eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nesibomvu ezisekela uphahla lwama-glass njengohlu lwezinqola zamahhashi ezimnandi.
I-arcade yabuyiselwa futhi yavuselelwa ngo-1993. Ngokuhambisana nezindawo zayo eziqinile, ezincane, izitolo ze-Thornton's arcade zivame ukuba izitolo ezincane ezikhethekile, ngezinye izikhathi zihlelwe phezu kwezimbalwa eziningana. Abazimele abancane bashintsha sonke isikhathi, kodwa ukulinda okulodwa phakathi neminyaka kuye kwaba yi-OK Comics. Abaqoqi abaziwa kahle, le esitolo sencwadi yama-comic ku-N 19 ifana nekamelo lokufunda elikhululekile kunezitolo zokudlala zama-comic.
02 ngo-08
Ivanhoe Clock ku-Arcade ye-Thornton
Ivanhoe Clock eLeeds. & kopisha; Ferne Arfin Abalingiswa baseveli kaSir Walter Scott bashaya amahora amahora e-Arcnton's Arcade.
Ivannie Clock, ekugcineni kwesigodi, sekuyisikhathi eside sesinye sezikhangayo eziyinhloko. I-clock mechanism yenziwa nguWilliam Potts kanye namadodana kaLeeds, umenzi owaziwa kakhulu wamawashi omphakathi kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina isikhathi ezifunwa abaqoqi be-antique.
Robin Hood, uRichard the Lion-Hearted, Friar Tuck noGurth the Swineherd, bonke abalingiswa enkulumweni yekhulu le-19 u-Ivanhoe nguSir Walter Scott, abonisa ngehora. Umlingisi ngamunye, naye, ubonisa ihora lesishiyagalolunye ngokushaya insimbi enkulu ngezingodo zakhe. Izibalo ezilingana nokuphila zazikhishwe ngumculi weLeeds uJohn Wormald Appleyard.
Omunye ukuphela kwe-Arcade ye-Thornton ihlanganisa ikhanda elikhulu lowesifazane onamazinwele amade ahamba phambili kanye nekhanda elimangalisayo. Uhlungwa ngemva komdwebo weDuchess of Devonshire ngoGainsborough.
03 ngo-08
County Arcade e-Leeds Victoria Quarter
County Arcade e-Leeds Victoria Quarter. © Ferne Arfin Izincwadi eziningana eziqondiswayo zokuqondisa ziye zabiza lezi zindawo zokuthenga eziseVictoria nase-Edwardian phakathi kwezindawo ezingu-20 e-England.
IQuarter Quarter inezindawo eziningana ezixhunyaniswe phakathi kukaBriggate, indawo yokuhamba ngezinyawo ebizwa ngokuthi iLeeds 'central street sales, ne-Vicars Lane. Lezi zindawo zokuthenga ezithengisayo zadalwa ukuze zithathe indawo yezindawo zokubulala kanye nemigwaqo ngasekupheleni kwawo-1890.
Ukuthuthukiswa, okuhlanganisa i-County Arcade ne-Cross Arcade, yenzelwe nguFrank Matcham. Lokho kungase kulandele ukulandelana kwezinto ezimbi kakhulu. UMatcham wayengumakhi owaziwa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwakhe kwezemidlalo. Wakhele amathiyetha angaphezu kuka-200 azungezile e-UK kuhlanganise naseLondon Palladium naseLondon Coliseum. Eqinisweni, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Arcade yeLeeds kwafaka phakathi i-Empire Theater. Kamuva yaba uMbuso Arcade futhi manje uhlala egatsheni leLeeds elidayisa umthengisi uHarvey Nichols.
Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1990, la mabanga aseBangeni II * abuyiselwa futhi iQarter Quarter yadalwa. Ukwakha i-arcade eyengeziwe, iNdlovukazi yaseVictoria Victoria eseduzane yaphahlazeka ngaphansi kweglasi elincane elinamagalabhisi, ifasitela elikhulu kunazo zonke eBrithani, nguBrian Clarke.
04 ngo-08
Umdayisi Wemigwaqo Ephakeme e-Guise Glamorous Guise
Ukuhlobisa umhlobiso wensimbi ne-faience kunezela ubuhle kumthengisi waseBrithani odayisa umgwaqo ophezulu emgwaqeni we-County Arcade ne-Cross Arcade e-Victoria Quarter. © Ferne Arfin Ukuhlobisa insimbi kanye ne-faience kunezela ubuhle esitolo emkhatsini we-County Arcade ne-Cross Arcade e-Victoria Quarter.
Ngo-1900, lapho izigcawu zokugcina zezimakethe zakudala zaseVictoria zasuswa, abathuthukisi beLeeds ne-Cross Arcades bafuna ukubonisa ingcebo yedolobha kanye nembonini emhlobiso we-shopping precinct. Ukuthengwa kwakusanda kuqala ukuzakhela njengomsebenzi wokuzilibazisa futhi izindawo zokugudluza zazihloswe ukuheha abathengi bezinga eliphakathi emadolobhaneni ngosuku oluhle endaweni enhle kakhulu.
I-Pink Siena imabula, i-mosaic eqoshiwe, ama-mahogany aqoshiwe ngama-glasses aqoshiwe, izibani zasesibhakabhakeni, insimbi ensimbi kanye neLeeds.
Namuhla, umhlobiso omuhle, ohlanganisa ngisho nezihlahla ze-topiary kanye nemithombo yamanzi, ngokuvamile uhlukaniswa ngokuphawulekayo nokuhlobisa kwefasitela elincane lezitolo ezifashini.
05 ka-08
Fashion Contemporary in a Historic Frame
Imfashini esimweni esingokomlando - Izindawo ezihle kakhulu zeLeeds County Arcade eQarithini yaseVictoria zenza umlando odlule ukuthenga imodemu egqoke imfashini yonyaka. © Ferne Arfin Ama brand aphezulu aseBrithani namazwe angaphandle akhuthaza abathengisi abashintshayo emaphethelweni eLeeds 'Victoria Quarter.
Ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa ezinhlanu zezinto ezihamba phambili zokunethezeka nezemfashini zomhlaba zihlala ezitolo ze-jewel-ne-Grade II * ezakhiwe ngezakhiwo zekota. UHarvey Nichols , esitolo esidumile saseFondon, wakhetha ukuvula igatsha layo lokuqala "lesifundazwe" lapha phakathi nawo-1990. Ngokushesha abanye balandela; phakathi kwazo:
- Louis Vuitton, 98-99 Briggate
- Bonke abangcwele, 33-35 iNdlovukazi yase Victoria Victoria
- Vivienne Westwood, 11-17 County Arcade
- Hamba, 25-29 County Arcade
- I-Mulberry, 3-5 County Arcade
- Paul Smith, 17-19 King Edward Street
06 ka-08
Imininingwane Yezemfashini eLeeds 'Victoria Quarter
I-Vivenne Westwood, i-Harvey Nichols kanye nemikhiqizo yokunethezeka njenge Breitling ne-Bulgari ziphakathi kwamagama amafashini aphezulu athengiswa ngaphansi kwamagceke amnandi e-County Arcade e-Leeds Victoria Quarter. © Ferne Arfin Umhlobiso odabukisayo wezo zonke izindawo zokudayisa zeLeeds, uqhuma yonke i-The County Arcade e-Victoria Quarter. Umklami wemidlalo yaseshashalazini uFrank Matcham, owasebenzisa ama-marbles ahlanganiswe kahle, ama-mosaic aqoshiwe, aphonswe ngensimbi enziwe ngendwangu, egobile futhi enesigxobo, kanye nama-mahogany acebile ezindaweni zangaphakathi.
Ukubuyiselwa, emashumini ama-1990 kulondolozwe okungenani okokuqala ngangokunokwenzeka - amakholomu e-Siena marble, ama-faience motif enemibalabala - engeza imininingwane emisha ukuze ahlanganise umoya wesikhathi esedlule njenge-Brian Clarke ophahleni lweglasi lokugcoba u-Queen Victoria Street noJoanna Veevers amapaneli.
Lapho kuthuthukiswa kabusha, omunye wabantu bokuqala, ama-Victorian fronts atholakala esimweni esivelele. Abaqambi basebenzise njengephethini yokubuyisela kabusha ama-frames, ama-frames ama-mahogany ama-Art Nouveau, amawindi esitolo asobucwebe kanye nokubhala kwe-gilt ngomusa okusetshenziselwa zonke izimpawu zesitolo ku-arcade.
07 ngo-08
Isibhamu sePomegranate e-County Arcade e-Victoria Quarter Leeds
I-Puregranate Frieze ku-Arcade yaseLeeds 'iVictoria Quarter isibonelo somhlobiso omuhle we-faience e-Leeds okunethezeka kwama-Victorian arcades. © Ferne Arfin Imidwebo enobumba be-faience eyimbala ingenye yezinhlobonhlobo zezici ze-County Arcade
Isibhamu samapomegranati, esisebenza ngaphezu kwamasitolo esitolo ku-County Arcade, yisibonelo esivamile semibala eludongeni yobumba obunamabala obukhulu obukhulu obenziwe yi-Burmantofts Art Pottery, inkampani yaseLeeds. Iziqhumane zama-Burkina Faience kanye nama-tiles yizinqola zama-antique namuhla ngakho kuyathakazelisa ukucabangela imvelaphi yabo ethobekile.
Ubumba, uWilcock weZibhulophu, uLeeds, wayengumenzi wezitini zomlilo kanye ne-drainpipes ngaphambi kokuba umphathi aqaphele ukuthi ubumba obomvu esakhiweni senkampani kwakuphelele ukwenza ubuciko bokudweba nobuciko bokuklama.
Abaqoqi bemikhumbi yaseBurban namuhla bayayithokozisa ngenxa yezinsimbi zayo ezinzima, ezinjenge-majolica-nemibala yayo ejwayelekile: imifino yeminqumo, ama-browns afudumele, ama-yellows aphuzi nama-oranges. Imiklamo eminingi ecindezelwe ithuthukiswa ngomsebenzi wesandla.
Izivakashi ezinentshisekelo yombumbi wase-Victorian ubuciko nobunjwa be-Art Nouveau, i-Victoria Quarter iyinhlangano ebonwayo.
08 ngo-08
I-Dilt Mosaic Dome e-Victoria Quarter yeLeeds
Imininingwane kaMose Kahle Kusuka Endaweni Ye-County Arcade kuLeeds. © Ferne Arfin Ukwakhiwa kwe-Arcade yase-County Arcade, i-arcade evelele kunazo zonke ze-Victoria Quarter, yenziwe nge-cast-iron ne-glass ye-domes. Indlu ngayinye ikhiqizwe yizigqoko ezenziwe ngogesi kanye ne-enamelled mosaics ekhombisa ukuphumelela kukaLeeds nokuchuma ekupheleni kwesikhathi se-Victorian no-Edwardian. Emayelana nedome eliphakathi, izibalo ezingokomfanekiso zimelela izimboni zeLeeds. Kwesinye indlu, izibalo zimelela inkululeko, ezentengiselwano, izisebenzi kanye nobuciko.