I-Democratic Republic of Congo (i-DRC) yizwe lesibili elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Afrika (manje elaseSudan lihlukanisa) futhi lilawula i-Central Africa kokubili ngokwezomnotho nangokwemvelo. Izombangazwe zayo ziye zahlambalaza kusukela ezikhathini zamaKoloni, futhi empumalanga, ikakhulukazi, ukunyakaza okwehlukana okuhlukahlukene kuye kwenza ukuthi ingxenye yezwe ingaqiniseki kuze kube namuhla. Lokhu kuyinhlekelele izivakashi ezifuna ukuya e-DRC ukuze zibone enye yezinto ezikhangayo eziyinhloko - i- Gorilla yezintaba ezingavamile, ezihlala ezintabeni ze-Virunga.
Umlando we-DRC wempi yombango uye wenza kube nzima isizwe ukuba sikhangele ngaphandle kwabatshalizimali, kanye nabavakashi.
Imininingwane Esheshayo NgeDemocratic Republic of Congo
I-DRC itholakala e-Central Africa. Iphethe i-Central African Republic ne-South Sudan enyakatho; Uganda , eRwanda , naseBurundi empumalanga; I-Zambia ne- Angola eningizimu; iRiphabhuliki yaseCongo, i-Angola ebizwa ngeCabinda, ne-Atlantic Ocean ngasentshonalanga. Izwe likwazi ukungena olwandle ngamakhilomitha angaba ngu-40 (25 mi) elula ogwini lwase-Atlantic e-Muanda futhi umfula cishe u-9 km womfula iKongo ovula eGulf of Guinea.
I-DRC yizwe lesibili elikhulu kunazo zonke e-Afrika futhi lihlanganisa inani elingama-2,344,858 sq. Km, okwenza libe likhulu kancane kuneMexico futhi cishe ingxenye yesine ubukhulu be-US. Inhloko-dolobha yi Kinshasa. Abantu abangaba ngu-75 million bahlala e-DRC. Zinezilimi ezimbalwa: isiFulentshi (isikhulu), isiLingala (ulimi lwezolimi lwe-lingua franca), i-Kingwana (isichazamazwi se-Swahili noma isiSwahili), isiKokongo nesiTshiluba.
Abantu abangaba yi-50% bangamaRoma Katolika, ama-20% amaProthestani, ama-10% amaKimbanguist, ama-10% amaSulumane, kanti ama-10% enye (ahlanganisa amasonto e-syncretic kanye nezinkolelo zendabuko).
I-DRC ngokuvamile ijabulela isimo sezulu esishisayo. Kungaba kushisa kakhulu futhi kunomswakama endaweni yasemanzini ye-equatorial, futhi ngokuvamile kupholile futhi kumile ezindaweni eziphakeme eziseningizimu.
Kupholile futhi kunamanzi ezindaweni eziphakeme ezisempumalanga. ENyakatho ye-Equator i-DRC imvula emvula phakathi kuka-Ephreli no-Okthoba, ngenkathi eyomile uDisemba kuya kuFebhuwari. INingizimu ye-Equator, inkathi yemvula ye-DRC iqala kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuMashi, ngenkathi eyomile kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba. Isikhathi esihle sokuvakashela i-DRC ngukuthi isifunda sinokuthula futhi lapho isimo sezulu somile. Imali yi-franc yaseCongo (CDF).
Izindawo eziyinhloko ze-DRC
Intaba ye-Gorilla Tracking e-Virunga ishibhile kunaseRwanda nase-Uganda eseduze. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uhlale usesikhathini ngalokho abahlubuki abakhona kule ndawo. Hlola i-website ye-Virtual Park yezihambeli ze-website ukuze uthole imininingwane yamanje futhi ufunde konke ngeRangers nokuthi benzeni ukuvikela ama-gorilla. Ama-chimpanzee treks nawo angenzeka e-Virunga.
I-Nyiragongo, enye yezintaba-mlilo ezinhle kakhulu futhi ezisebenzayo, i-stratovolcano enkulu. Lolu hlobo, olwaziwa nangokuthi i-cone cone, luyisithombe esihle kakhulu sezintaba-mlilo ezinemithambekeni emincane ephansi esondela eduze kwenhlangano, bese ihlukana ukudalula indawo yokubhema. Ukuhamba kungalungiswa ngokubhuka kusiza sesivakashi sikaVirunga. Kuyinto enhle kakhulu yokulandelela ama-gorilla entabeni.
Ukulandelela kwe-Gorland yase-Lowland, e-Kahuzi-Biega National Park - ukulandelela i-gorilla ephansi engaseningizimu yasempumalanga kuyona okukhanga kakhulu kuleli paki elihle elizwe.
Sicela ufunde ibhulogi yepaki ukungahambisani nezimo zamanje epaki ngaphambi kokuhlela uhambo lwakho. NgoNovemba kuya kuDisemba yisikhathi esihle sokubona ama-gorilla asezintabeni njengoba athambekele ekuhlaleni emaqenjini omndeni phakathi nale nkathi.
Ukuqeda uMfula waseCongo kungumlando omangalisayo wemvelo, kodwa ngokuqinisekile kulungele kangcono kulabo abanomoya ovusa amadlingozi.
Ukuya e-DRC
I-DRC's International Airport: I-N'Djili International Airport eKinshasa inikezwa izindiza ezindiza ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa: Air France, Brussels Airlines, Royal Air Maroc, South African Airways, Ethiopian Airlines kanye neTurkey Airlines.
Ukufika e-DRC: Izivakashi eziningi emhlabeni wonke zifika esikhungweni sezindiza se-N'Djili (bheka ngenhla). Kodwa ukuwela imingcele yomhlaba kuningi. Uma ufisa ukuya eGorilla ukulandela umngcele phakathi kukaRwanda ne-DRC kuvulekile, futhi i-reps ye-Safari izokuhlangabeza ngaphesheya kokuthunyelwe komngcele.
Imingcele ephakathi kweZambia ne-Uganda nayo ivame ukuvuleka. Hlola neziphathimandla zendawo mayelana nomngcele waseSudan, eTanzania naseRAR - njengoba lokhu kuvaliwe esikhathini esidlule ngenxa yezingxabano zezombangazwe.
Ama-embassy / ama-Visas e-DRC : Bonke abavakashi abangena e-DRC bayodinga i-visa. Hlola ne-ambassy yasekhaya ye-DRC ezweni lakini, Ifomu lingalandwa lapha.
Umnotho we-DRC
Umnotho weDemocratic Republic of the Congo - isizwe esinomcebo omkhulu wemithombo yemvelo - ululame kancane kancane ngemva kokunciphisa amashumi eminyaka. Ukonakala kwenqubo kusukela ukuzibusa ngo-1960, kuhlangene nokungazinzile kwezwe lonke kanye nokuphikisana okwaqala phakathi nawo-90s kuye kwanciphisa kakhulu umkhiqizo kazwelonke kanye nenzuzo kahulumeni futhi kwanda isikweletu sangaphandle. Ngokufakwa kukahulumeni wesikhashana ngo-2003 emva kokuthula, izimo zezomnotho zaqala ukuthuthuka njengoba uhulumeni wesikhashana wabuye wavula ubudlelwane nezikhungo zezezimali zomhlaba kanye nabaxhasi bomhlaba wonke, futhi uMengameli uKABILA waqala ukusebenzisa izinguquko. Intuthuko ihambe kancane ukufika ngaphakathi kwezwe nakuba izinguquko ezicacile zibonakala eKinshasa naseLubumbashi. Uhlaka olungavumelekile lwezomthetho, inkohlakalo, nokuntuleka kokucaca kwenqubomgomo kahulumeni yinkinga yesikhathi eside emkhakheni wezimayini kanye nomnotho wonke.
Umsebenzi omningi wezezomnotho usengenzeka emkhakheni ongakahleleki futhi awubonakali kumininingwane ye-GDP. Umsebenzi ovuselelwe emkhakheni wezimayini, umthombo wezingeniso eziningi ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, uye wakhulisa isikhundla sezimali saseKinshasa nokukhula kweGDP eminyakeni yamuva. Ukukhula komnotho emhlabeni wonke kunciphisa ukukhula komnotho ngo-2009 kuya ngaphansi kwesigamu salo nyaka ka-2008, kodwa ukukhula kubuyele ku-7% ngonyaka ngonyaka ka 2010-12. I-DRC isayine iNsiza Yokunciphisa Ubumpofu Nezokukhula ne-IMF ngo-2009 futhi yathola imali engu-12 billion ezigidigidi zamaRandi ezinkampanini eziningi ezikhokhelwa ngamacala ngonyaka ka-2010, kodwa i-IMF ekupheleni kuka-2012 imise ukukhokhelwa kwezintathu zokugcina ngaphansi kwesakhiwo semali-mboleko - ibiza u-$ 240 million - ngoba kokukhathazeka ngokuntuleka kokwenza okubonakalayo ezimayini zokuvota. Ngo-2012 i-DRC ivuselele imithetho yayo yebhizinisi ngokunamathela ku-OHADA, i-Organisation for the Harmonization of Business Law e-Afrika. Izwe laphawula ngonyaka walo weshumi olandelanayo wokwanda kwezomnotho okuhle ngo-2012.
Umlando Wezombangazwe
Isungulwe njenge-colony yaseBelgium ngo-1908, ngaleso sikhathi-iRiphabhlikhi yaseCongo yazuza ukuzimela ngo-1960, kodwa eminyakeni yayo yokuqala yayingcoliswa ukusimama kwezombangazwe nezenhlalakahle. UColonel Joseph MOBUTU wabamba amandla futhi wazimemezela ngokwakhe umengameli ngo-November 1965. Wabe eshintsha igama lakhe - waya kuMobutu Sese Seko - kanye nezwe - waya eZaire. UMobutu wagcina isikhundla sakhe iminyaka engu-32 ngokukhethwa kwamakhetho ambalwa, kanye nangamandla okuhlukumezeka. Ukungqubuzana kwezinhlanga kanye nempi yombango, okubangelwa ukuphuma okukhulu kwababaleki ngo-1994 kusukela ekulweni eRwanda naseBurundi, kwaholela ngoMeyi 1997 ekuqothulweni kombuso we-MOBUTU ngokuhlubuka okwasekelwa yiRwanda no-Uganda futhi iqondiswe uLaurent Kabila. Wabiza izwe iDemocratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), kodwa ngo-Agasti 1998 umbuso wakhe uqobo wawuphikisana novuko lwesibili futhi lwasekelwa u Rwanda ne-Uganda. Amasosha avela e-Angola, e-Chad, eNamibia, eSudan naseZimbabwe angenele ekusekeleni umbuso kaKabila. NgoJanuwari 2001, uKabila wabulawa kanti indodana yakhe, uJoseph Kabila, yabizwa ngokuthi yinhloko yombuso.
Ngo-Okthoba 2002, umengameli omusha waphumelela ekuxoxiseni ukuhoxiswa kwamabutho aseRwanda asempumalanga ye-DRC; ezinyangeni ezimbili kamuva, isivumelwano sePitoli sisayinwe yizo zonke izinhlangano eziphikisayo zokuqeda ukulwa futhi zenze uhulumeni wobunye bezwe. Uhulumeni wesifundazwe wasungulwa ngoJulayi 2003; ibenombono wokubamba iqhaza komthethosisekelo ngoDisemba 2005 futhi ukhetho lukaMongameli, uMkhandlu kaZwelonke, kanye nezishayamthetho zezifundazwe zenzeke ngo-2006. Ngo-2009, ngemuva kokubuyiselwa kwempikiswano empumalanga ye-DRC, uhulumeni wasayina isivumelwano sokuthula neNational Congress Ukuvikelwa Kwabantu (CNDP), iqembu elikhulu labahlubuki bamaTutsi. Umzamo wokuhlanganisa amalunga we-CNDP emasotini aseCongo ahlulekile, okwenza ukuthi ahlukumezeke ngo-2012 kanye nokwakhiwa kweqembu elihlomile le-M23 - elibizwa ngezimvumelwano zokuthula ezingu-23 Mashi 2009. Ukungqubuzana okuvuselelwe kuye kwaholela ekuhambeni kwabantu abaningi kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kwamalungelo abantu.
Kusukela ngoFebruwari 2013, izingxoxo zokuthula phakathi kukahulumeni waseCongo kanye ne-M23 ziqhubeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-DRC iqhubeka nokuzwa ubudlova obwenziwe amanye amaqembu ahlomile kuhlanganise namaDemocratic Forces for Liberation of Rwanda namaqembu eMay Mai. Ekhethweni likazwelonke lwakamuva, olwenziwe ngoNovemba 2011, imiphumela ephikisanayo yavumela uJoseph Kabila ukuba aqondiswe ku-kamongameli.