Izikhumbuzo ze-Stone Age ze-Orkney - Okutholwa Okuvamile EYurophu

01 ngo-07

I-21st Century Ukuthola Okwe-Orkney Amaze Abacwaningi

Izikhumbuzo ze-Stone Age ezimangalisayo ze-Orkney seziye zagxila ososayensi, izazi-mlando nezivakashi ngokufanayo. Manje, ukutholakala kwamuva okwenziwe kusukela eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane, kuphakamisa iNhliziyo Ye-Neolithic Orkney ibe yiklasi elilodwa.

Emashumini eminyaka, izikhumbuzo zakudala zase-Orkney, ikakhulu lezo ezihlanganiswe esiqhingini esikhulu kunazo zonke (okuthiwa i-Mainland ), ziye zaheha abacwaningi. Imijikelezo yamatje amakhulu, amathuna angaphakathi, namadolobhana angcwatshiwe, amanye awo (eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-5 000) emdala kuneLakehenge noma ama-Pyramids, alotshwe ohlwini lwe-Heritage World UNESCO ngo-1999.

Igama le-UNESCO le -Heart of Neolithic Orkney , njengoba isayithi libizwa, liholele ekuphenyweni okuqhubekayo kwezindawo ezinkulu zesayithi ezazingakafundiwe futhi zingaxhunyiwe. Futhi ngonyaka wezi-2002, endaweni encane yomhlaba owaziwa ngokuthi yiNess of Brodgar, ubufakazi bokuthile okukhulu kakhulu - okukhulu kakhulu kunanoma yikuphi ukutholakala kwe-Stone Age noma kuphi eYurophu - yaqala ukuvela.

Ukumba kule ndawo ephawulekayo kuvulelekile emphakathini ngoJulayi no-Agasti njalo ngonyaka. Okulandelayo, thola ukuthi yiziphi abavubukuli abazitholile futhi uma ungavakashela.

02 ngo-07

Isikhungo Sokuzijabulisa eNess of Brodgar

I-Ness ye-Brodgar ibhuloho lomhlaba phakathi kwe-Orkney's sea lochs, i-Harray ne-Stenness. Izikhumbuzo ezibalulekile ze-Orkney zikhona nganoma yikuphi - I-Standing Stones Stenness kanye ne Ring of Brodgar.

Ngesikhathi abavubukuli beqala ukwenza izifundo ze-geophysical ngo-2002 babengazi ukuthi ekugcineni bazothola iqoqo lamathempeli nezakhiwo zomkhuba, eziboshwe izindonga ezigqoke ngamatshe ngasekugcineni, zizungezwe ngamapulangwe nezinyawo futhi zelulele endaweni engalingana nezindawo ezine zezemidlalo zaseNgilandi .

Izakhiwo ezinkulu kunawo wonke, ziyizingalo ezingu-82 ubude obuyizingalo eziyisikhombisa ububanzi, zatholakala ngo-2008. Izungezwe izindonga ezinamamitha amahlanu ububanzi (cishe ububanzi obuyizingalo ezingu-16,5) namanje ziphakeme ngamamitha amathathu.

Akekho oqinisekako ukuthi isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sisetshenziselwa kodwa, njengoba eziningi zakhiwo zinezinyanga kodwa zingabonakali zifuywayo, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi basetshenziselwa amasiko nemihlatshelo mhlawumbe ephathelene nokufa noma emva kokufa.

Ukubambisana kwe-carbon kubonisa ukuthi lezi zakhiwo zase zisetshenziswa kusukela cishe ku-3200 BC, isikhathi esingangeminyaka engaba ngu-1 000. Ukuzikhandla kwabo - kusukela etsheni elibunjiwe futhi elihlotshisiwe ukuze kutholakale izindonga zangaphakathi ezidwetshiwe kanye nobumba obuhlotshisiwe - abacwaningi bayaqhubeka.

Hlola isayithi ku-3D.

Ukuvakashela iNess of Brodgar

Ama-digs ayenzeka njalo ehlobo. Abantu ngabanye kanye namaqembu omndeni wamukelekile ukuvakashela, bheka ukumba ukuqhubeka futhi ube nezinkambo zamahhala phakathi kwezinsuku ezimenyezelwe ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi sokumba.

03 ka-07

Amatshe Emile Okuqina

Izikhumbuzo ze-Stone Age ezatholakale ku-Orkney, zakha lonke indawo ye-UNESCO Yamagugu Ezwe, i-Heart of Neolithic Orkney. Okumangalisayo nesimo sezulu e-Orkney sika-northernak landscape enyakatho, baqhubeka behlala emfihlakalo yabo.

Amatshe Emile Okuqina angase abe yindulungu endala kakhulu kunazo zonke futhi ahlale e-British Isles. Ukuthandana kwe-carbon kuveza imvelaphi yabo eminyakeni engaba ngu-5 400 edlule. Namuhla, kutholakale amatshe angu-12 kuphela ayisisekelo. Inkundla enkulu ngaphakathi kwendilinga yetshe kungenzeka ukuthi isetshenziselwe izinhloso zomkhuba, futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nokulungiswa kwemikhosi yomphakathi (amathambo esilwane atholakele ekuthungeni). Isayithi libhekwa yi-Historic Environment Scotland futhi likhululekile ukuvakashela, unyaka wonke.

Ngivakashela amaStown of Stenness ngehora lesine ntambama ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Le akhawunti yezifundo zami lapho izokunika umbono wokuthi yini ongayilindela:

Ngaphandle kombuthano weMigwaqo Emile Yokuqina, umoya waphendulela imvula yami ephuzi ibe yi-kite. Kodwa ngimangele ukuthi ama-swans eselwandle esiseduze abonakala ehlelekile emvuleni.

Uma usengaphakathi kwendilinga, umoya ukhululekile. Umhlahlandlela wethu we-Orkney wendawo, ubonise ama-acoustics angavamile esayithi. Abathengi ababekwe ngaphambi kokuba abhekwe ngokuphawulekayo ngokuthi "itafula elihlambalazayo" babezokwenza amazwi abo akhulume ngokucophelela.

Umhlahlandlela waletha izintambo ezimbili futhi wanika ngamunye wethu ithuba lokungena embuthanweni, amehlo avaliwe, ephethe izintambo. Njengoba sasiwela umgwaqo ocabangelayo phakathi kwamatshe, izintambo ezibophayo zahlangana ndawonye. Nakuba ngiyikhohlisayo, ngifanele ngivume ukuthi, lapho nginqamula umugqa ngamehlo ami ivaliwe, izinduku zahlangana ndawonye bese zihlukana ezandleni zami. Spooky!

04 ka 07

I Ring of Brodgar

Isigxobo esikhulu semikhosi esibizwa ngokuthi i-Ring of Brodgar siqukethe umjikelezo wetshe kanye netshe eyake inamatshe angu-60, ngokulinganayo ibeke amamitha ayisithupha ngaphandle. Amashumi ayisithupha nesithupha amatshe okuqala ahlala. Kubhekwa njengenye yezingqungquthela ezinkulu zamatshe eBrithani.

I-Ring ne-13 yamangcwaba angaphambi kokungcwaba azungeze ayikaze avuzwe ngakho akekho owaziyo ukuthi bangakanani ubudala noma injongo yabo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi izinsuku zokuvala ziphakathi kuka-2500 no-2000 BC.

Imibono evela lapha e-Orkney nezwe eliseduze ne-Hoy emagqumeni aseduze ahlaba umxhwele futhi ikhombisa indawo yokuzijabulisa engavamile, kodwa enkulu kakhulu eyenza isayithi le-Heart of Neolithic Orkney.

Ithiphu: Izincwajana ze- orkney ziphakamisa ukuthi i-Ring of Brodgar iyatholakala kodwa ifinyelela indlela ingaba yidaka futhi isondeza abasebenzisi abakhubazekile abasebenzela izihlalo zabakhubazekile kumele babe nomsizi.

05 ka-07

Maeshowe

I-Maeshowe (ebizwa ngokuthi i- mays kanjani ) ingenye yezindawo zokugcina ezigciniwe futhi ezinkulu kunazo zonke eYurophu. Yakhiwa eminyakeni ecishe ibe ngu-5 000 eyedlule yamatshe amakhulu amatshe apulangwe umhlaba. Ihlezi ngokuzihlukanisa okuhle phakathi nendawo engenalutho engenalutho. Nansi ukunambitheka kokuvakashelwa kufana nalokhu:

Sasiwela isikhala esikhulu ukuze sifike eMaeshowe, sinamathele ekuthungeni eceleni komgwaqo owenziwe umgwaqo ukuze sigweme ukuqhutshwa umoya ovuthayo. Isimo sezulu sasebusika sase-Orkney sasibonakala sikulungele ukuvakashela leli gundane lasendulo lokungcwaba (cishe ngo-2700 BC), okungenzeka lidalwe ukuhlonipha noma ukukhulekela ilanga nenyanga ebusika. Liyodwa futhi iyesabeka phakathi kwensimu enkulu, ebusweni kolwandle.

Ukungena ethuneni nomqondisi wethu, kwakudingeka siqhubekele ukuhamba umgwaqo omude owawuyizingalo ezine kuphela. Umqondisi wethu wasihola, esilindele ekamelweni lesonto-njengamakamelo angaphakathi ukuze asitshele lapho kuphephile ukuqondisa.

Le ndima, kanye nesikhumbuzo sasendulo esifana neBarnhouse Stone, ngaphesheya kwalokho, sihambisana nelanga elikhanyayo, likhanyise ikamelo elingaphakathi cishe amasonto ayisithupha nxazonke ze-solstice ebusika. Ikhamera ye-Maeshowe ephakathi nonyaka isakaza umcimbi.

Ukuma kwama-Maeshowe kuphindaphindiwe emaqenjini amaningi angaxhunyiwe kuwo wonke ama-Orkney. Ngemva kwesikhashana, umqondisi wethu wachaza, abantu abaningi baqala ukubona abantu bezenzele izigxobo kuwo wonke ama-hillock bese beya eziqhingini.

Okusemqoka

• Izinkathi eziphelelwe yisikhathi ziqala ngehora phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-4 ntambama futhi kufanele zibhukwe kusengaphambili.
• Vula nsuku zonke kusukela ngo-9: 30 ekuseni kuya ku-5 ntambama ngo-Ephreli 1 kuya ku-Septhemba 30 futhi kusukela ngo-10 ekuseni kuya ku-4: 00 Okthoba 1 kuya kuMashi 31.
• Ukungena kukhokhisiwe
• Vakashela i-website yabo ukuze uthole imiyalelo yokubhuka kanye nolwazi lwamanani Kusukela ngo-2016, ukubhuka kwe-inthanethi akutholakali kodwa ukubhuka kwefoni kuyona.

I-Winter Solstice ne-Sunset

Lezi zikhathi ezivame kakhulu ukuvakashela i-Maeshowe kanye nezinkambo kulezi zinsuku zibhaliswe ngokusesikhathini njengeminyaka emihlanu - ngakho-ke ungabeki inhliziyo yakho ekubeni khona ngaleso sikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi zonyaka, ukukhanyisa okhethekile kusetshenziselwa ukukunika umbono ophumelelayo walokho okushiwo yi-solstice ngaphakathi kwe-cairn.

06 ka-07

I-Viking Mischief e-Maeshowe

Abahlali baseViking kamuva e-Orkney babheka ukuthi lezi zihlahla eziyimfihlakalo zokungcwaba ziyisiqhingi. Esikhathini esithile ekhulwini le-12, iqembu lamaNorse, abagubha ukubuyela kwabo ngokuphepha, kungenzeka ukuthi liphukile eMaseshowe.

Uma i-Viking saga yesiqhingi, i-Orkneyinga ingakholelwa , yachitha izinsuku ezintathu ezidakiwe ziboshwe ngaphakathi ethuneni zivukela phansi. Lokhu kungase kuchaze ukuthi kungani, ngokungafani nezinye izigxobo zokungcwaba ezitholakala eNyakatho Yurophu, uphahla lweMaeshowe luye lwawa futhi kwadingeka lwakhiwe kabusha.

I-Runes Maeshowe

Ngokuqinisekile kuhamba ngendlela ethile ukuchaza ukuthi kungani iqoqo elikhulu laseYurophu lemidwebo egijimayo, engama-30, lihlelwe ezindongeni zaseMaeshowe. Ngokusho komqondisi wethu, umlandeli wezindaba kusukela ku-Dragon History, njenge-graffitti yanamuhla eminingi yama-runes ahlelekile futhi aphakamisayo. Bashaya abesifazane abaziphatha okubi noma baziqhayisa ngokuhlukumeza ngokobulili. Iningi lalabo abangabelwa izilaleli zomndeni, banikeze umbono wokuthi babhaliswe isixuku sezilwane ze-Viking eziziqhayisa.

Eyodwa, eyakhiwe ngamagqabi ama-artistic, ithi, "Lezi zigijimi zaziqoshwe yindoda engumdwebi ongcono kakhulu wezilwandle emaLwandle aseNtshonalanga."

Enye, eqoshwe cishe izinyawo ezingu-12 ngaphezulu (cabanga ngenye indlela uViking ehlezi emahlombe omunye mhlawumbe), uthi, "UTholfir Kolbeinsson udwebe lezi zigijimi eziphezulu kakhulu."

07 ka-07

I-Skara Brae Inyuke Ngaphansi KwamaSands of Time

I-Skara Brae yindawo ephawulekayo ye-Stone Age. Izindlu zayo ezineminyaka engu-5 000 zishintsha emva kokungcwatshwa iminyaka eyizinkulungwane.

Indlela yokuya ku-Skara Brae, evela esikhungweni sesihambeli, cishe ingxenye yesigamu yamamayela, ihlanganiswe nezimpawu ezikubuyisela emuva kwesikhathi - zidlule iSimemezelo Sokuzimela, sidlulile iMagna Carta, ukuzalwa kukaKristu, ukwakha i-Pyramids ne-Stonehenge, kuze kube yilapho, ekugcineni, esikhathini esidlule esingalindelekile, umuzi wase Skara Brae.

Leli gama livela emhlabathini omkhulu we-dune ohlanziwe phakathi nekhulu le-19 leminyaka. Ngenxa yokuthi i-Skara Brae yayingcwatshwe ngokuphelele enhlabathini - emhlabathini ongakaze utshalwe - izindlu zazicishe zigcinwe ngokuphelele. Cabanga ukumangala kweLaird yaseSkaill House eseduze, ngasekupheleni kuka-1850, lapho ethola ukuthi yini eyabonakalisa ebhishi lakhe.

I-Cottage yangempela ethokomele

Ngaphambi kokuya esiteshini, sebenzisa isikhathi esithile esithombeni esikhungweni sesivakashi. Ikhophi ephelele yendlu 7 esakhiweni. Uma uhlala kuwo, ungakwazi ukubona kalula imibhede, indawo yokulala, ngisho nomgqoki lapho izimbiza nezinhlayiya zigcinwa khona futhi ukudla kugcinwe phansi. Indlu isiphelele ngokuphelele ungase ucabange ucabange kuyo. Ukuboniswa kwempahla yokusebenza etholakalayo kusayithi kufaka ukudlala amadayisi, amathuluzi, nokuhlobisa.

Esizeni, izindlu ezintathu ezinjalo zixhunyaniswa namavesi ayengaphakanyiswa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Le ndima iyaqhubeka isikhala esikhulu esikhethwe njenge-workshop.

Sasivakashele ngosuku lweJanuwari ngosuku oluthile - ngakho-ke inhlanhla eqinisweni ukuthi enye yeqembu lethu kwadingeka ihlale ngemuva ukuze ingabikho. Isibhakabhaka, isibhakabhaka sasekuseni sasimnyama kakhulu futhi ulwandle, olungaphansi kwamamitha ayikhulu, lwaluyingozi futhi luyingozi. Mhlawumbe i-Skara Brae ilula ukuvakashela ngosuku olunzima. Kodwa ucabanga ukuthi abantu bokuqala abavikelekile kulezi zimo ezinobudlova eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-5 000 edlule bangezelele kakhulu emthonjeni walo.

Okusemqoka

• Vula nsuku zonke, ngo-9: 30 ekuseni kuya ku-5: 30 ntambama ngo-Ephreli 1 kuya ku-Septhemba 30 no-10 ekuseni kuya ku-4: 00 Okthoba 1 kuya kuMashi 31.

• Ukungena kukhokhisiwe. Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa, ulwazi olusesikhathini samanje ngezintengo kanye nezinguquko emahoreni wokuvula, vakashela iwebhusayithi ye-Historic Environment Scotland.

• Isivakashi sesikhungo esinezitolo neziqabule
• Isihlalo sabakhubazekile esitholiwe ekuqaleni kokuqala sisebenza njengesisekelo sokufinyelela okukhubazekile. Vakashela iwebhusayithi ukuze uthole imininingwane eningiliziwe yokufinyelela.