Izindawo ze-UNESCO zamagugu eScotland

5 Izindawo Eziningi Ezikhunjulwa Ukuvakashelwa eScotland

IScotland inezindawo ezinhlanu ze-UNESCO World Heritage ezikhethwe ukubaluleka kwamasiko noma kwemvelo emhlabeni wonke. Ezinye kulula ukubona kuhambo olufushane oluya eScotland. Ukufinyelela kwabanye, njenge- Orkney no-St Kilda, yizikhathi zangempela zokuhamba kodwa ubuyiselwe isikhathi sakho nomzamo ngemiklomelo engavamile. Hlela uhambo oluzungeze lezi zindawo ezikhethekile ukuze uvakashele eScotland ube uhambo lokuphila kwakho konke.

• 01 ka 05

  I-Forth Bridge

  I-Forth Bridge yiyona ndawo entsha yeSayithi Yomhlaba YaseScotland, ehola ukuhlukana ngoJulayi 2015, ngesikhathi esifanele sokuzalwa kwayo kwezinsuku ezingu-125. Ukusakaza i-Firth ye-Firth engaba amakhilomitha angama-9 entshonalanga ye-Edinburgh eSouth Queensferry, ibhuloho yesitimela kwakuyi-bridge yokuqala ye-multispan ye-cantilever. Emamitha angu-2,529 (okungaba ngamamitha angaba ngu-1.57) namanje ibhuloho elide kunazo zonke.

  Ibhuloho ivuliwe ngo-1890, cishe ngesikhathi lapho izitimela zithatha imakethe yokuhamba ibanga elide. Uhlu lwayo lwe-UNESCO lubhala:

  "Ukuhlelwa kwayo kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezimbonini kubangelwa ukuboniswa okungaqondile nokungahlosiwe kwezingxenye zayo zesakhiwo. I-Forth Bridge iyinhlangano ebaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni, ezakhiweni nezilinganiso, okubaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwebhuloho nokukwakhiwa ..."

  Indlela yokubona iBridge Bridge

  • Ngezinyawo - Izinyathelo ezingasogwini oluseningizimu yeFirth of Forth, ezungeze iNingizimu Queensferry nasogwini olusenyakatho eNorth Queensferry zinikeza imibono emihle yebhuloho, esinye sezibonakaliso zesithonjana seScotland. Uma uvakashela i-Edinburgh, khuphukela esihlalweni sika-Arthur noma eSragbury Crags e-Holyrood Park ukuze ubuke ibanga elide.
  • Kulo bhuloho - Izinhlelo zikhona emisebenzini ukudala okuhlangenwe nakho kwezivakashi ezimbili ezintsha kwibhuloho. Isikhungo sehambeli eNyakatho Queensferry sizofaka ukuphakama emoyeni ovulekile endaweni yokubuka ebheke phezulu enyakatho yombhoshongo. Ukuqondiswa okuqondiswayo ukusuka enkabeni ye-South Queensferry kuzothatha abafuna ukugubha imfucumfucu endaweni ephakeme enqabeni yaseningizimu. Ungabuka amavidiyo amaningana futhi uqhubeke nokuthuthukiswa ku-The Forth Bridge Experience lapha.
  • Ngesikebhe - i-Forth Tours ugibela ukuhamba ngesikebhe esihleliwe ku-Firth esedlula ngaphansi kwebhuloho kusukela emgwaqeni eSouth Queensferry. Futhi banomqeqeshi ekuhambeni kwenkonzo yokuhamba ngesikebhe eshiya isikhungo sase-Edinburgh. Umsikazi we Forth usebenza ngensiza e-Inchorn Island phakathi kwe-Firth ebuye inikeze imibono emihle yebhuloho.

  I-Bridge Forth e-Story

  Ibhuloho lidwetshwe ngezingubo zokugqoka eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kuthatha iminyaka eyi-10 ukudweba ibhuloho nasesikhathini esedlule, ngokushesha nje lapho abadwebi beqedile ekupheleni komunye, kwadingeka baqale futhi komunye. Ngakho-ke ku-idiom yaseBrithani, umsebenzi othize ongapheli kuthiwa ufana nokudweba iBridge Bridge.

  Lokhu akulona iqiniso okwamanje. Ngesikhathi abadwebi bephelile umsebenzi wabo weminyaka eyishumi, ngo-2011, iNational Rail, ababheki bridge, bathi ubucwebe obusha nobuchwepheshe bokudweba kwakusho ukuthi ibhuloho ingahle ibe mahhala futhi ilahle izindwangu zabadwebi iminyaka engama-20.

• 02 ka 05

  St Kilda

  Ngo-1930, bonke abantu baseSt Kilda (bonke abangu-36 babo) bashiya isiqhingi esisodwa esikude, esiqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-110 entshonalanga yeScotland, ngenxa yezwe. Lokho kwakuwukuphela komzana owawukhona iminyaka okungenani eyi-1 000. Okunye ubufakazi obuyisiqhingi babonisa ukuthi abantu basebenzisa lesi siqhingi iminyaka engaba ngu-4 000.

  I-St Kilda ingenye yezindawo ezingavamile ze-UNESCO World Heritage ezibhalwe ohlwini lwazo zombili izintengo zamasiko nezemvelo. Ngomnyaka we-1986 waba yiNdawo yeGugu leNarha yeSewula eScotland. Ngonyaka we-2005 wajoyina iqembu elithambile labantu abayishumi nambili elibalulelwe kokubili ukubaluleka kwamasiko nezemvelo. Ngomnyaka ka-2013 sithunyeliselwe esimeni seNzuzo evelele yomhlaba wonke - igcinwe kulokho i-UNESCO ibheka izindawo eziphawuleka kakhulu emhlabeni.

  Kungani St Kilda?

  • Ngokwemvelo, isimo seGugu Lomhlaba sizosiza ukuvikela ubufakazi okungenani "amabiliyoni womsebenzi womuntu ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu." Abahlali baseziqhingini babenomnotho wokubambisana wokugcina izimvu, ukuqoqa imikhiqizo yezinyoni nokulimaza umhlaba. Ubufakazi bendawo yakuleli elahliwe, nezimakethe zayo zezimvu nezimpawu (izakhiwo ezomile zamatshe okugcina amanzi) zikhona ngaphezu kwechweba likaSt Kilda kuphela, ku-Hirta.
  • Iqembu lesiqhingi lakhiwa isenzo sasendulo se-volcanic, ama-glaciers kanye nokukhukhula kwamanzi okukhiqiza izindawo ezivelele kanye nezinqwaba zasolwandle. Iningi laseSt. Kilda liseduze.
  • Izilwane zasendle nezilwane ezihlukahlukene eziqhingini yisisusa esihle sokuvakashela. Izigidi zasolwandle zasemazweni angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1 zisebenzisa iziqhingi zokuhlala nezidumbu ezifudukayo, ikakhulukazi ama-puffins, ama-gannets nama-flammars. Lezi ziqhingi nazo ziyindawo ye-feral ye-Soay, inzalo yasendulo okungenzeka yalethwa khona yizifiki zokuqala zaseSt Kilda, eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule.
  • Ngisho nezindawo ezingaphansi kwamanzi nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zifakiwe ohlwini lweMagugu Lomhlaba.

  Ukufika eSt Kilda ...

  ... akuyona umsebenzi olula. Ungakwazi ukubhuka i-cruise kuya esiqhingini kodwa ukuthi uzokwazi yini ukuhlala kuncike ngesimo sezulu kanye namagagasi - ayikho isiqinisekiso. Funda umbiko wethu ohambweni oluya eSt Kilda.

  Ngomqondo wokuthi ukuphila okunzima kwakukuphi kwababantu beziqhingi bokuqala, vakashela iGlasgow's Riverside Museum lapho behlala khona "Jollyboat", esinye sezikebhe zokugcina zokugwedla abaqashi baseziqhingini basebenzisa izikebhe, i-mail kanye nezivakashi esiteshini esiphambukayo.

• 03 ka 05

  E-Edinburgh amadolobha amadala namasha

  Inhloko-dolobha yaseScotland kanye nesihlalo sePhalamende layo elisha, ihlanganisa umuzwa omusha nesimanje wesigodi esikhulu seyunivesithi kanye nenhloko-dolobha kazwelonke ngesimo esiyingqopha-mlando nesidabukisayo. Iphethe umkhosi omkhulu wezobuciko emhlabeni jikelele , unesiqhingi esineminyaka engu-1 000 ubudala kanye nentaba - Isihlalo sika-Arthur - ngqo phakathi kwedolobha.

  Umuzi, inhloko-dolobha yaseScotland kusukela ngekhulu le-15, uhlukaniswe ezindaweni ezimbili ezihlukene - i-New Town yaseGeorgia ne-Neoclassical enezindlela ezibanzi kanye nezigceme zasendlini naseDolobheni LaseDolobheni elidala, eliqanjwe yinqaba ephakathi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Edinburgh Castle.

  I-UNESCO ibhala ukuthi indawo ehambelana nalezi zindawo ezimbili inika umuzi wayo uhlamvu oluyingqayizivele futhi, idumisa "ithonya elikude lokuhlela emadolobheni" e-Edinburgh, ithi:

  "Ukungafani phakathi kweDolobha elidala elidala le-Old Town neGeorge New Town yase-Edinburgh, eScotland, linikeza ukucaciswa kwesakhiwo samadolobha esingenakutholakala eYurophu."

  I-Gardles Street Gardens

  Ipaki, namagquma, izigodi kanye nezinkuni - eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Princes Street Gardens - ihlukanisa amadolobha ase-Old and New Town e-Edinburgh futhi inikeza izilungiselelo ze-neoclassical Scottish National Galleries neRoyal Scottish Academy . Kubonakala, kuwo wonke umhlaba, njengendawo yezemvelo, kwelinye lamagquma ase-Edinburgh kanye ne-Castle Rock ephawulekayo.

  Eqinisweni, umuntu wenziwa ngokuphelele, wakhiwa ngokukhipha uNor Loch - uqobo loch owenziwe ngabantu - owawuyingxenye yezivikelo zokuzivikela. Izingadi kanye negquma elibizwa ngokuthi i-The Mound ladalwa kusuka engaphezu kwesigidi esithatha imithwalo yempango eyadutshulwa ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kweNew Town.

• 04 ka 05

  I-Lanark entsha

  I-Lanark entsha yayidalwa uRobert Owen wezingcweti ze-1900. Umzana wendlovu owakhiwe ngenhloso, owasungulwa ngo-1785 ngumkhwekazi ka-Owen, wayesengumgodla we-textile okhuthazayo ngamanzi okugcoba ngamakotoni kanye nezinye izindlu zabasebenzi lapho u-Owen ethatha ukusebenza kwawo ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Kwakuyilapho, ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, iqoqo elikhulu kunazo zonke zezakhiwo ezimbonini emhlabeni.

  U-Owen wanquma ukusebenzisa imibono yakhe eqondile ye-paternalism enomusa ukuze enze imodeli yasemaphandleni enezemvelo, indawo ehloniphekile, izindlu ezinempilo, imfundo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamasiko kwabasebenzi, izindawo zokulima ezihlelekile futhi, okwamanje, izimo zokusebenza ezihloniphekile. Ukuhlela kanye nezakhiwo kwaklanywa ngenhlalakahle yabasebenzi, kubhekwa "okuyingqopha-mlando emlandweni wezenhlalakahle nezimboni" ophethe ithonya elihlala njalo kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Ngokusho kwe-UNESCO:

  "I-Lanark entsha iyisikhumbuzo esiyingqayizivele sokuthi ukudalwa kwengcebo akusho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukulimala kwabakhiqizi bayo. Umzana ... kwakuyindawo yokuhlola imibono eyayifuna ukuthuthukisa isimo somuntu emhlabeni jikelele. futhi izinhlelo zezomnotho u-Owen athuthukiswa zazibhekwa njengento eqinile ngesikhathi sakhe kodwa manje zamukelwa kabanzi emphakathini wanamuhla. "

  Ngemuva kweNew Lanark

  U-Owen waqhubeka wathola umphakathi wase-Utopia waseNew Harmony, e-Indiana, ngokusho kwezingqungquthela zaseNew Lanark. Kodwa, ngaphandle kwenhloso yokuhlanganiswa kwezimpahla zokwakha eziseScotland eziphumelelayo, kwahluleka njengamabhizinisi ezomnotho phakathi kweminyaka emibili.Izimboni ezintsha zeNew Lanark zathengiswa izikhathi eziningana, ekugcineni zaba yizintambo ngaphambi kokuvala eminyakeni yawo-1960. Amamitha asetshenziselwa amanzi amanzi aqhubeka ukusebenza kusukela ngo-1786 kuya ku-1968. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yalokhu, asinda cishe engashintshi ngekhulu lama-21.

  I-Lanark entsha namhlanje

  Izakhiwo zokugaya izimpahla, izindlu ezakhiwe ngabasebenzi, isikhungo sezemfundo kanye nesikole sihlala siboniswa njengomnikazi nomqashi okhanyisiwe wekhulu le-19. Lesi sayithi sabhalwa kwiRejista Yamagugu Yezwe ngo-2001.

  I-New Lanark Trust, isiScottish charity ebhalisiwe, igcina indawo yeGugu leNhlaba ehlose ukuyigcina "njengomphakathi osimeme, onabantu abahlala khona namathuba amasha okuqashwa."

  Iningi lewebhusayithi livulekele izivakashi unyaka wonke, ngemiboniso ehlukahlukene kanye nokukhangayo ukuze ubone kusuka kusikhungo soMvakashele. Isayithi lihlanganisa ihhotela kwelinye lamatshe okugaya kanye nehostele endaweni eyayihlala yendawo yokuhlala, isitolo sesigodi kanye nesitolo se-textile namagumbi omhlangano amakhonsathi, izinkulumo nemibukiso. Esinye sezakhiwo ezihlala, okuthiwa i-The Double Row, izingxenye zazo ezazisendaweni eqhubekayo kuze kube ngu-1970, zibuyiselwa ukusetshenziswa kokuhlala.

  Vakashela iwebhusayithi yabo ukuvula izikhathi nezintengo.

• 05 ka 05

  Inhliziyo ye-Neolithic Orkney

  Abavakashela i-Orkney bayashesha ngokushesha ukugxila okukhulu kwezakhiwo zangaphambili ezingavamile ezichazayo iziqhingi. Ezinye zingaphezu kweminyaka engu-5 000 ubudala, ngaphambi kuka-Stonehenge kanye namaPiramidi eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Isayithi liqukethe imibuthano yamatshe ehluke kakhulu, I-Standing Stones Stenness ne-Ring of Brodgar; umgodla wokungcwaba ohlangene ogcwele uViking runes kusukela esikhathini esizayo, iMaseshowe; umzana oneminyaka engu-5 000 ubudala, i-Skara Brae, nenqwaba yezigxobo nezindawo ezingaxhunyiwe.

  Izikhumbuzo ezakha indawo yeGugu Lomhlaba zibhekwa njengezibaluleke kakhulu kusukela esikhathini seNeolithic eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Umzana oneminyaka engu-5 000 ubudala wase Skara Brae watholakala kuphela ngekhulu le-19 lapho isivunguvungu esinamandla sithinta isihlabathi esasigubungele iminyaka eyizinkulungwane. Kuthathwa njengendawo yokugcina i-Neolithic engcono kakhulu emhlabeni. Okokuqala kubhalwe ohlwini ngo-1999, isayithi kamuva laphakanyiswa kwi-Outstanding Universal Value Value. I-UNESCO Listing yathi:

  "Izikhumbuzo ze-Orkney bear ubufakazi obuyingqayizivele noma obuhlukile bomkhuba wamasiko omdabu owawukhula eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-500 kuya ku-1 000 kodwa wanyamalala cishe ngo-2000 BC ... Ziwubufakazi bokufezeka kwamasiko abantu baseNeolithic enyakatho yeYurophu, phakathi nesikhathi 3000-2000 BC. "

  Ukuthungwa okusha kwesimiso esiyinhloko noma isikhungo somkhosi esiphambanweni esaziwa ngokuthi i-The Ness of Brodgar sinezela nolunye ulwazi nolwazi lwabantu base-Orkney basendulo. Zingavakashelwa ngesikhathi sokuhlelwa kwezikhathi zakudala ezihleliwe. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvakashela noma yiziphi izikhumbuzo ze-Orkney zasendulo zenkampani yezinye iziqondiso eziqhingini noma izi-archeologists.