Indawo yeSatatra e-Indonesia, Ukufika Lapho, Nezinto Okumele Zenziwe
Kuzwakala kude futhi kungavamile, kodwa ncamashi u-Sumatra?
Leli gama lesisiqhingi sesithupha-esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni lihlanganisa izithombe zemikhumbi yamahlathi, izintaba-mlilo, ama-orangutan, nezinhlanga zomdabu. Kodwa, okwesikhashana, lokho akuyona nje ukunyakaza kweHollywood! I-Sumatra ibona zonke lezozinto, nokuningi, uma usubalekela amadolobha.
Kutholakala enqenqemeni esentshonalanga ye-archipelago, iSatatra yisiqhingi esikhulu kakhulu esise-Indonesia ngokuphelele.
I-Borneo empeleni inkulu, kodwa ihlukaniswe phakathi kwe-Indonesia, iMalaysia neBrunei . I-Sumatra iyakha kahle kakhulu emaphethelweni asentshonalanga ye-Southeast Asia, enye indawo yokugcina ngaphambi kokuba i-Indian Ocean engapheli iqala.
I-Sumatra ifakwe oblong, i-angled kusukela enyakatho-ntshonalanga kuya empumalanga-mpumalanga. Umngcele osempumalanga usondela ngokumangalisayo eduze nePeninsular Malaysia neSingapore. I-Strait elula kakhulu yeMalacca ihlukanisa lezi zindawo zomhlaba ezimbili.
I-tip eseningizimu yeS Sumatra iqhuma ngokumelene neJava, inhloko-dolobha yaseJakarta eseduze. Mhlawumbe lokho kuyisimo esihle seSumatra - futhi kubonisa ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlukahluka. Naphezu kokusondelana kakhulu nezindawo ezithuthukisiwe ezifana ne- Kuala Lumpur , eSingapore, naseJakarta, uzokwazi ukuthola kalula ama-jungle ajulile nabomdabu abalandela amasiko amadala.
Okuningi mayelana nendawo ye-Sumatra
I-Equator ihlukanisa iSatatra ngokucophelela phakathi kwama-hemispheres asenyakatho naseningizimu.
- I-Sumatra itholakala eningizimu yeThailand neBurma (iMyanmar); entshonalanga yeMalaysia naseSingapore.
- I-Jakarta, inhloko-dolobha yase-Indonesia, isendaweni yeJava engekude nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Sumatra.
- I-India ne-Sri Lanka zitholakala ngaphesheya kwe-Indian Ocean enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeSumatra.
Isifundo
I-Sumatra ingahle ibekwe ngokungahleliwe ezindaweni ezintathu: North Sumatra, West Sumatra, neSouth Sumatra.
I-Sumatra yaseNyakatho ithatha ukunakekelwa okukhulu kwabakhanti . Abaningi bafika eMedan bese beya eLake Toba (ichibi elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni), isiqhingi esithakazelisayo phakathi , neBukit Lawang - idolobha eliyisisekelo ukuze uhlole ama-orangutan e-Gunung Leuser National Park.
I-West Sumatra ifika okwesibili yezokuvakasha, kodwa ikakhulukazi ibamba abashayeli abanomsebenzi nabahamba phambili abahamba phambili befuna izithako zangaphandle kancane kancane endleleni eqhutshiwe. Zombili lezi zifunda zingase zivule kalula emhlane we- Banana Pancake Trail ohlangene kahle kodwa ngolunye usuku, kodwa manje kuye kwabona ukukhula okunamandla kwezokuvakasha. Izindlu zokuhlala ezingenalutho zigcwele.
Ungacabangi ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi iSatatra izikebhe ze-orangutan kanye nezizwe ezingenakuhlanganyaniswa ukuthi zithinta izindlu ezinqotshiwe nemigwaqo engcolile. Okungenani imizi eyisithupha ematasa inabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi. I-Traffic ingaba yingozi kakhulu. I-Medan, inhloko-dolobha yaseNorth Sumatra, inabantu abangaba yizigidi ezimbili kanye nezindiza yesibili esikhulu kunazo zonke e-Indonesia.
Mayelana neSomatra, Indonesia
- I-Sumatra iyisiqhingi sesithupha ngobukhulu emhlabeni.
- Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-50 babiza uSomatra ekhaya (ukubalwa kwabantu ngonyaka ka-2014) okwenza kube isiqhingi sesihlanu esiningi kakhulu emhlabeni. I-Indonesia iyingxenye yesine ebantwini bomhlaba, ngemuva kwe-United States kuphela.
- I-Sumatra ibheke ukusuka enyakatho-ntshonalanga kuya empumalanga-mpumalanga; kungaba ngamamitha angu-1,110 ukusuka ku-tip kuze kube tiphu.
- I-Sumatra ingenye yezindawo ezimbili kuphela emhlabeni ukubona ama-orangutan asendle (i-Borneo ingenye).
- Inhlabathi evundile yokuqhuma kwentaba yaseSumatra ikhula ikhofi engcono kakhulu emhlabeni. Enye yezinhlobonhlobo ezibiza kakhulu, ikhophi luwak , "isetshenzwa" ngokudla ama-cherries ekhofi kumakhelwane - izilwane ezinjenge-weasel - ku-Sumatra. Namuhla, kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-knockoffs, kodwa i- kopi luwak yangempela ivela ku-Sumatra.
- I-Batak, igama eliye lahlanganiselwa ku-Karo nakwezinye izizwe zendabuko eSumatra, sasibe sesenza umkhuba wokubamba inhlanzi nokuzidla. UMarco Polo wadlulisela ama-akhawunti angama-second of the killnibalism ngo-1292 naphezu kokungazifakazi ngokwakhe. Lo mkhuba wawungavamile ngemva kwekhulu le-19.
- Ichibi iToba, isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke se-volcanic emhlabeni, sakhiwa ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwesifo esiwumshayabhuqe. Lesi senzakalo sashintsha ngempela amazinga okushisa emhlabeni jikelele. I-crater engumphumela ingamakhilomitha angu-62 ubude, ububanzi bamamitha angu-18, futhi ezindaweni eziningana ngamamitha angu-1,600! Amanzi ahlala ekushiseni okunethezeka ngenxa yomsebenzi wokushisa. Ukucindezela kwe-volcanic kuye kwaphoqelela isiqhingi esisha, iPulau Samosir , ukuba senze ngaphakathi kwechibi. Ichibi iToba liyintandokazi yabahambi bezimali .
Ukufika ku-Sumatra
Iphuzu lokungena elidumile kunazo zonke lezivakashi ezivakashele i-Sumatra yi-Medan. I-Sumatra ixhunywe nge-Kualanamu Internationakl Airport (ikhodi yesikhumulo sezindiza: KNO) . Isikhumulo sezindiza esisha samazwe ngamazwe sashintsha i-Polonia International Airport ngoJulayi 2013.
Azikho izindiza eziqondile phakathi kweNyakatho Melika neSomatra. Izindiza eziningi zixhuma ku-Kuala Lumpur, eSingapore, noma amanye amaphuzu e-Indonesia. Abahambi abavela e-United States kufanele bafike enkampanini enkulu efana ne-Bangkok noma yaseSingapore bese bethatha i-hop yesabelomali eshibhile eya eMedan. Izindiza zokuya naseBaliyane nazo kulula ukuthola.
Ukuze abantu abafuna ukuhlola i-West Sumatra, iPadang (ikhodi yesikhumulo sezindiza: PDG) iyona engcono kakhulu yokufaka. Ukusuka lapho, abantu abaningi bahamba amahora ambalwa enyakatho bese basebenzisa idolobha elincane laseBuikittinggi njengesisekelo sokuhlola isifunda. Abagibeli abahlangenwe nakho baya ngasentshonalanga eziqhingini zaseMentawai ngasogwini.
I-Sumatra inkulu, inkulu kakhulu. Imigwaqo enobudlova kanye nemikhuba yokushayela yasendle ingaba nzima kakhulu kubahambi. Cabanga ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokukhetha ibhasi lamahora angu-20 phakathi kweNyakatho Sumatra ne-West Sumatra kunokuba uthathe indiza eshibhile. Futhi, hlela isikhathi esiningi - isikhathi sokuphumula nezinsuku zokuphumula - uma uhlose ukuhlola okungaphezu kwesifunda esisodwa se-Sumatra ohambweni.
Izindawo ezizenzekelayo e-Sumatra
- I-Toba: I- Pulau Samosir , isiqhingi, ikhuphuke phakathi kwechibi elikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ichibi likhulu lokuzilibazisa, imisebenzi ye-adventure , nokufunda ngemikhuba yeBatak etholakala lapho. I-Tuk-tuk yigama lomuzi wezokuvakasha ePulau Samosir.
- I-Bukit Lawang: Idolobhana elincane, elingasemfuleni liyisisekelo esivamile sokuhlola i-Gunung Leuser National Park, ukukhetha okwenziwe ama-orangutan asendle nama-wild.
- I-Gunung Sibayak: Ukusebenzisa idolobha laseBergagi njengesisekelo, abagibeli bangakwazi ukugibela ngaphakathi komgodla weGunung Sibayak , i-volcano elula kaSumatra yokubhekana nayo. Kodwa ungakhohliswa: UGunung Sibayak usalokhu enzima. Amagesi aphezulu okucindezelayo avuleka futhi abilayo imifula emgwaqweni yikhumbuzo esiqhubekayo sokuthi i-volcano isasebenza!
- UGunung Sinabung: Umakhelwane waseSibayak, uGunung Sinabung, wake wathatha cishe amahora angu-12 ukuyokhuphuka, kodwa ubelokhu ehlaselwa kusukela ngo-2013! I-volcano yayiphelile iminyaka engaba ngu-400 ngaphambi kokuqhuma ngokungalindelekile nokuphoqa ukuthuthwa.
- I-Gunung Marapi: I- volcano enkulu esebenzayo yase-West Sumatra ingakhuphuka emahoreni angaba ngu-10 ubuya, kodwa kuwumsebenzi onzima!
- I-Gunung Kerinci: Ephakathi kwe-West Sumatra neSouth Sumatra, iNtaba iKerinci yi-volcano ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Indonesia. Uzodinga ukuqina okuningi kanye nomhlahlandlela wokubhekana nalo.
- Ichibi Maninjau: Uma ukukhuphuka kwezintaba-mlilo kuningi noma nje udinga ukuphumula, iLake Maninjau enkulu eWest Sumatra yindawo enokuthula yokuphumula nokujabulela izinhlanzi.
Ngaphambi kokungena emasimini ase-Sumatra, kufanele wazi ukuphepha okuhambayo esifundeni nokuthi ungagwema kanjani ukulunywa kwemonkey - uzothola okuningi eSomatra.
Inkinga ye-Palm Oil eSomatra
Bheka ngefasitela ngenkathi usondela endaweni e-Sumatra. Uzobona izitshalo zomuthi zezandla zomuthi ezithengiswayo ezihamba ngamakhilomitha kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Kungase kubonakale kungcono kunazo zonke izidakamizwa zasemadolobheni, kodwa zenza inkinga enkulu yemvelo.
I-Sumatra ne- Borneo akhawunti engaphezu kwesigamu samafutha omuthi akhiqizwa emhlabeni. Iziqhingi ezimbili zihlushwa ukubhujiswa kwamahlathi okubi kunawo wonke emhlabeni - kubi nakakhulu kunenkinga evame ukushicilelwa ama-Amazon. Okubi nakakhulu, ukukhwabanisa nokushisa amasu kwezolimo kunamanani amakhulu eSomatra, benza ukwengeza okukhulu emgodini wokushisa oshisayo okhishwe emhlabeni wonke. Umusi wezinkathi wonyaka usuke uqhaqhazela ukugumbana neKuala Lumpur naseSingapore, obangela izinkinga zempilo nezomnotho.
Nakuba amafutha omnqumo esimeme ayinto enhle, iningi likhiqizwa ngokungafani uma lingenakuqinisekiswa ngenye indlela. Ukugwema imikhiqizo esebenzisa amafutha esundu angase kube yithemba elilodwa le-Sumatra.
Amafutha wepilisi akuyona nje ukupheka; isetshenziselwa ukwenza i-SLS (sodium laureth sulfate) kanye neziqhumane ezisiza insipho, ama-shampoos, ama-toothpastes, nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ukuze kube ne-lather. Amafutha ompalm asetshenziselwa njenge-biofuel ukwengeza uphethiloli, naphezu kokungasebenzi kahle.
Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi okungalawulwayo eSomatra kuye kwaphanga izinhlobo eziningi ezinobungozi njengama-tigers, ama-orangutan, ama-rhino, nezindlovu eziseduze nokuqedwa.