01 ka-06
Mission San Juan Bautista
Isithunywa seSan Juan Bautista sasiyishumi nanhlanu esakhiwe eCalifornia, esasungulwa ngoJuni 24, 1797, nguBaba uFermin Lasuen . Igama elithi San Juan Bautista lisho uSt. John uMbhapathizi.
Amaqiniso Okuthakazelisayo NgeSan Juan Bautista
Mission San Juan Bautista kwakuyisonto elikhulu kunazo zonke esontweni eCalifornia. Sekusetshenzisweni okuqhubekayo kusukela ngo-1812. Le nhlangano itholakala eceleni kweSan Andreas Fault futhi iboniswe ku- Vertigo ifilimu ka-Alfred Hitchcock.
Isikhathi Sesikhathi SaseSan Juan Bautista
1797 - Isisekelo seSan Juan Bautista sisekelwe
1800 - Ukuzamazama komhlaba
1803 - Isonto elisha laqala
1805 - Inani lamaNdiya lingu-1 100
1808 - UBaba Cuesta ufika
1812 - Isonto elisha liqedile
1812 - UBata Tapis ufika
1823 - Abantu abangu-1 250
1835 - Ukubambisana
1849 - California Gold Rush
1860 - California statehood
1863 - Imisebenzi yabuyela esontweni lamaKatolikaKuphi Umhlangano iSan Juan Bautista?
Ikheli le-mission liyi-2 neMigwaqo yaseMariposa eSan Juan Bautista, CA. Vakashela Iwebhusayithi Yezemisebenzi yamahora amanje.
I-San Juan Bautista Mission iyingxenye ye-State Historic Park. Ibhekene ne-plaza ishintshiwe kancane kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesishiyagalolunye leminyaka elihlanganisa ihhotela, izakhiwo ezinzile nezindawo ezimbili ze-adobe, zonke izakhiwo zangempela ezingaphezu kweminyaka eyikhulu ubudala. Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana neSan Juan Bautista State State Historic Park hlola iwebhusayithi yabo.
02 ka 06
Umlando We-Mission San Juan Bautista: 1797 kuya ku-1827
Ngo-1797, uBaba Junipero Serra wahola ukuhambela kwamaRoma Katolika ukuletha ubuKristu ehlane eCalifornia. Ngendawo, yena kanye nabaFranciscans bakhetha indawo engaphansi kwezintaba zeGavilan eduze ne-El Camino Real, abayiqamba ngokuthi iSan Juan Bautista Mission emva kukaSanta John uMbhapathizi. Isayithi lakhethwa ngoba lithembisa "ukuvuna okuningi kwemiphefumulo" eSigodini saseSan Juan. Ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, iSouth African Corporal Juan Ballesteros namadoda ayisihlanu beza, futhi ngenyanga bayakha ithempeli, izindlu zabo kanye nePadres, kanye negranari.
Kwathi emva kwezinsuku eziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye ezinikezele umsebenzi waseSan Jose, ubaba u-Lasuen wafika ngokuzinikezela kweSan Juan Bautista ngoMgqibelo, ngoJuni 24, 1797.
Iminyaka Yokuqala eSan Juan Bautista Mission
Ukubhapathizwa kokuqala eSan Juan Bautista kwakungumntwana waseNdiya cishe eminyakeni eyishumi ubudala, noCoral Ballesteros njengomxhasi. Umbhapathizo wokuqala omhlophe kwakuyindodana yenkohlakalo kanye nomngcwabo wokuqala, ngoSeptemba, kwaba yindodana yakhe yintsana.
Obaba uJose Manuel de Martiarena noPedro Martinez, abaqondisa ukwakhiwa, bathola abantu bomdabu abanobungane futhi bebambisana futhi iSan Juan Bautista Mission yakhula ngokushesha. Izinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala babematasa, futhi ngoKhisimusi, bakha isonto le-adobe, izindlu zezindlu, igranari, izindlu zokuqapha, izindlu zokuqapha kanye nezindlu ze-adobe ze-neophytes. Ngo-1800, amaNdiya angaphezu kuka-500 ayehlala eSan Juan Bautista mission.
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kuka-1800 eSan Juan Bautista Mission
Lapho iSan Juan Bautista Mission isungulwa, akekho owazi ukuthi itholakala phezulu kweSan Andreas Fault. Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha bafunda ngephutha kanye nokuthuthumela okukhulu okuphakathi. Ngo-Okthoba 1798, ukuzamazama kwakunzima kangangokuthi izithunywa zevangeli zalala ngaphandle kwenyanga yonke. Kwakukhona ukuzamazama okungaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ngosuku olulodwa, okwenza ukuqhuma okukhulu ezakhiweni nasemhlabathini.
Ukwehluleka kwabangela ukuzamazama komhlaba eziningana emlandweni wokuqala, kodwa umsebenzi weSan Juan Bautista awuzange uhambise. Ukuzamazama komhlaba kokuqala okuphawulekayo kwenzeka ngo-Okthoba 1800, okwenza umonakalo omkhulu, futhi ingxenye yesakhiwo sangempela yawa.
I-San Juan Bautista Mission 1800-1820
Abantu baseNdiya baqhubeka banda, futhi ngo-1803 kwakunezinhlelo zokwakha elinye isonto. Abantu abavela kuzo zonke izifundazwe bamenywa emcimbini omkhulu owakhiphe ukwakhiwa. Isonto elisha laseSan Juan Bautista lalingakapheli kuze kube ngu-1812.
Ngo-1808, kwafika i-padre entsha, ubaba u-Arroyo de la Cuesta. UBaba Cuesta wayenomdlandla futhi unomdlandla, futhi waqinisekisa abakhi ukuthi isonto elibanzi elinama-naves amathathu kungaba yimpahla engavamile lapha. Ngenxa yethonya likaBawo Cuesta, kwakuyisonto elikhulu kunazo zonke esifundazweni kanye nesakhiwo kuphela saso esakhiwa yiFranciscans eCalifornia.
Ngenkathi isonto likhula, ibandla lihlelwe ukuthi liyeke. Ngo-1805, abantu bomdabu babengu-1 100, kodwa ngo-1812 kwahliswa kwaba ngaphansi kwesigamu ngenxa yokufa kanye nokunciphisa. Isikhala esisha esikhulu sasihlanganisa amabandla amancane, futhi uBad de la Cuesta wayegqoke emigqeni emibili yemigodi eyayihlukanisa ama-nave amathathu esonto.
Ngo-1812, uYise Tapis washiya umhlalaphansi ehhovisi likaMongameli wajoyina uBad de la Cuesta. Izimfundiso zaqhubeka ngaphansi kukaBawo Tapis kusukela ngo-1812 kuya ku-1825.
I-San Juan Bautista Mission 1820s - 1830s
Ngomnyaka we-1824, abantu baseSan Juan Bautista banda godu, nabantu besuka eTulare Valley, kungenzeka ngenxa yezokuthutha ezempi ukuya emaphandleni. Isibalo sabantu sasihamba ngo-1823, sino-641 besilisa nabesifazane abangu-607. AmaNdiya ahlala ama-adobe angamashumi amabili nambili akhiwa ngalolo nyaka, futhi kwakukhona imibiko ye-adobe corrals, i-granary, i-honey, namakamelo okugcoba avuselelwe nabasebenzi abasha abasha.
Ngo-1827, umbiko owethulwe kumbusi wachaza imfuyo yaseSan Juan Bautista nezindawo zama-rancho, ukufaka uhlu lwezinkomo ezihlanganisa izinkomo ezingu-6 500, amahhashi angu-750, ama-mules angu-37, nezimvu. Kwakungekho ukuchelela, kodwa amadlelo aphuziswa yizikhukhula zomfula iP Pajaro. Zinezinkuni ezinhle ezivela ezintabeni kuya enyakatho-mpumalanga. IziNtaba zaseGavilan zagijima zanisela izingadi, isivini nesivuno.
Ngo-1833, amaFranciscans aseZacatecan aseMexico athatha.
03 ka 06
Umlando We-Mission San Juan Bautista: 1827 kuya Kulolu suku
Ukubambisana
Isikhathi saseZacatecan saphela iminyaka emibili. Ngemuva kokuthi iMexico ithole ukuzibusa kwayo kusukela eSpain, kwakungenakukwazi ukugcina ukuqhutshwa kwemisebenzi njengaseSpain, futhi ngo-1834, iMexico yanquma ukuqeda lesi simiso futhi ithengise wonke amazwe. Ngo-1835, ngaphansi kwesenzo se-secularization, iSan Juan Bautista Mission yanciphisa ukulinganisa kwekilasi lesibili, ngaphansi komqondisi womphakathi, futhi izimpahla zayo zithengiswa.
Umlando ngemuva kokwehlukaniswa kwemisebenzi kunenjabulo kunamanye amasha. Abantu baqhubeka nokusekela isonto, futhi izinkonzo zenzeke lapha ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.
Ngemuva kokuqokwa kwamanye amazwe, iSan Juan Bautista yaba yi-pueblo. Impahla yokuthunyelwa kwempahla yabhalwa ngo-1845 ngumfowabo kaPio Pico, u-Andres, owabalalisa endlini yasepaki yamakamelo angu-16 ayenziwe nge-adobe nge-tile ngetitini namapulangwe aqoshiwe. Insimu enyakatho yenkimbinkimbi kanye nensimu yezithelo zezihlahla eziyi-875 zazungezwe udonga olwakhiwe ngamathambo endala. Isivini esasilahliwe sasilokhu sinezivini ezingu-1 200. Umhlaba wonke ngaleso sikhathi wawukhona i-varas yesikwele esingu-7 500. Ukuhlala okuncane kwabamhlophe kwakhulela ePueblo, futhi kwakukhona izakhamuzi ezingu-50 edolobheni laseSan Juan ngasekupheleni kuka-1839.
Eminyakeni engaba ngu-30 emva kokukhwabanisa, ukuthunyelwa kwabuyiselwa eSontweni LamaKatolika. Lapho isihloko sabuyiselwa esontweni, amazwe alo ayenamahektare angu-55.13.
ISan Juan Bautista Mission ekhulwini lama-20
Namuhla kunezakhiwo zanamuhla ezingemuva kwensimu. Iphiko lezindela elidala, elinamabhande alo elibhekene ne-plaza yaseSpain kuphela ehlala eCalifornia, igcina iminyuziyamu. Izigxobo zensimbi ezifihliwe zenza ukuvikelwa kokuzamazama komhlaba, udonga lwebell seluqedile, futhi izinhlangothi ezihlangene zibuyiselwe. Izinkonzo zeSonto zisabanjwa njalo ngesonto.
I-San Juan Bautista Mission ibonakala kuyi-Alti Hitchcock ifilimu ye- Vertigo . Abathandi be-movie bangase babone ukuthi i-bell tower, evezwe izigcawu ezimbili ezibucayi kule ifilimu, ayikho.
04 ka 06
Izithombe ze-Mission San Juan Bautista
I-Mission San Juan Bautista isithombe esingenhla sibonisa izinkomo zayo. Kwathathwa kusuka kumasampula aboniswa eMhlanganweni waseSan Francisco Solano naseMission San Antonio. Ingenye yezinhlamvu eziningana zezinjongo ezifaka incwadi ethi "A" ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kodwa asikwazanga ukuthola umsuka wayo.
05 ka 06
Isakhiwo seSan Juan Bautista, Isitezi seZakhiwo, izakhiwo kanye nezizinda
Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo samanje kwaqala ngoJuni 1803, futhi isonto eligcwalisiwe lazinikezelwa ngoJuni 23, 1812. Ngo-1818, uThomas Doak, umkhumbi waseMelika owasebenza ekamelweni nasebhodi, waqashwa ukudweba i-reredos enemibala nezifanekiso eziyisithupha. phambili kwesonto. Abanye bathi uDoak wayengumakhelwane wokuqala wase-US ukuhlala eSpain California. Izifanekiso ze-altare, umhlobiso odongeni lwe-faux-marble odwetshiwe, isitayela esikhulu se-sandstone yobhapathizo, konke okusemqoka.
I-San Juan Bautista yiyona esontweni elikhulu kunazo zonke eCalifornia ngamamitha angu-18 ubude, ububanzi obungamamitha angu-72 nobubanzi obungamamitha angu-40. Yenziwe nge-adobe izitini ezinamamitha amathathu ubukhulu, nephahla elibomvu tile nophansi. Izindonga zalo zinamamitha amathathu ubukhulu bezinsimbi, futhi i-cloister yayo inamamitha angu-230 ubude.
Isakhiwo sokuqala esontweni nguBawo Cuesta sabiza ama-aisles amathathu kanye namandla angaphezu kuka-1 000. Kodwa-ke, uhlelo lushintshiwe ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, noma ngenxa yokukhathazeka mayelana nokuzamazama komhlaba noma ngenxa yokuthi inani labantu baseNdiya elinciphayo alizange lidinga isakhiwo esinjalo.
Ngaphakathi ngaphakathi eminyango eminyango evalowe, e-red tile phansi ungabona izimpongo zesikhumba seminyaka engu-180 ubudala, mhlawumbe zishiywe ezinye izilwane ezifuywayo ngaphambi kokuba amateyili abomile. Bheka umnyango wekati kwenye yezingcango zomnyango, ushiye isikhathi lapho amakati agcinwa khona amagundane.
Ngo-1906, ukuzamazama komhlaba kwamshaya iSan Juan Bautista. Kwabhubhisa izindonga zecala lesonto kanye nezinye izindlu. Ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba, lo mkhankaso wakhiwe kabusha futhi waqiniswa ngekhonkrithi. I-Hearst Foundation yabhalwa ukubuyiswa ngo-1949
Ekuqaleni, izingongolo zazixotshelwa emgqeni wesigxobo esigodini egcekeni, futhi ibandla lalingenalo ibhotela. Umbhoshongo wokhuni wanezelwa ngawo-1860, futhi kamuva waphindwa kabili kukhonkolo. Umbhoshongo wenza kube lula ukukhalaza amabhande esonto nganoma isiphi isimo sezulu, kodwa wasuswa ekuqaleni kwawo-1950. Ngo-1976 i-campanario, noma udonga lwebell, lakhiwe (noma mhlawumbe lakhiwa kabusha) ngesitayela seminye imisebenzi. Ekuqaleni, izingcezu eziyisishiyagalolunye zazingaphandle kwesonto, kodwa ezintathu zazo zihlala.
06 ka-06
Isithunywa se-San Juan Bautista Barrel Organ
I-organ yomgogodla waseNgilandi eyenziwe nge-crank iyisisekelo sezindaba eziningi namanga. Yenza indlela yayo lapha evela eMonterey esikhathini esithile ngasekupheleni kwawo-1820. Kungenzeka ukuthi uBaan Lasuen wanikezwa umhloli waseBrithani uVancouver. Isidumbu sakhiwe eLondon futhi singaphezu kwamamitha amahlanu ubude, amamitha amabili ububanzi kanye no-18 amasentimitha ubude. Ngaphakathi kukhona amapayipi angu-17 amapulangwe namapayipi ensimbi angu-29 azwakala lapho i-crank iphendukile. Ezinye izinganekwane zakhula zizungeze lesi sitho, esinye sazo sanika amandla angavamile futhi saxhuma ngokusungulwa komsebenzi.
Isitho kuyinto engavamile ukuba nesonto, noma kunjalo. Izingoma zalo zibikwa ukuthi zihlanganisa "Hamba kuDeveli, iSpain Waltz, Hornpipe College, ne-Lady Campbell's Reel," uhlabelela kangcono okwazi ukuhamba ngomkhumbi kunabobaba abadumisa.
Indaba ethakazelisayo kunazo zonke ezitholakala ku-Sunset Magazine yi- The California Missions: I-Pictorial History : "Ezintabeni eziningi eziphathelene nalesi simboli, enye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ibonisa amandla ayo okuba ne-hypnotic phezu kwalezi zingane ezifana nengane. Ukulwa namaNdiya aseTulare ahlaselwa phansi kulo mkhankaso ngelinye ilanga, futhi ama-neophyte agijimela ukumboza.
Ngenhlanhla, i-padre yagcina i-wits yayo. Wagxuma isitho sandla futhi waqala ukukhwabanisa. I-neophyte yababamba futhi yaqala ukuhlabelela ngomculo ngamazwi aphezulu, ngenxa yokuthi izitha zabo zazingeniswa kakhulu kangangokuthi zibeka izikhali zazo futhi zidinga umculo omningi, zize zicele ukuba zihlale zijabule ngaso sonke isikhathi . "