Amanye Amagugu E-Irish Literary Ayokugcina I-Phaphama Kude, Amnyama Amnyama
Njengoba ungase ukwazi, iHalloween yinto engumthetho wase-Ireland ... kahle, ngezinhlobo okungenani, njengoba imvelaphi yemikhosi ye-spooktacular ingatholakala ku- Celtic Samhain . Kodwa bewazi ukuthi i-Irishman yanikeza enye yezinto ezidingekayo ze-Halloween, kungaba njengokufana ne-movie noma njengesambatho? Yiqiniso, sikhuluma ngo-Count Dracula.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze uthole wena ku-Halloween (noma i-Samhain) imizwelo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi e-Ireland noma e-Indiana, ungenza okubi kunokuba uqondise emtatsheni wakho welabhulali futhi uhlole ezinye izindaba zama-Irish ezisongelayo.
Nazi ezinye iziphakamiso, zigcwaliswe ngezixhumanisi ku-archive e-intanethi yezinkomba ezibhalwe phansi noma eziphupha ngabalobi base-Ireland. Ake sithole i-Gothic ye-ithanga!
I-Maturin's Melmoth - i-heavyweight
UCharles Robert Maturin (1782 kuya ku-1824) wayenomsebenzi omkhulu phambi kwakhe njengomfundisi, wamiswa eBandleni lase-Ireland. Imisebenzi yakhe yangaphandle, kodwa, ikhokhelwe kunoma yikuphi ukuthuthuka okukhulu ebusweni bebandla. Waqala umsebenzi wesibili njengomlobi wezemidlalo yamaGothi kanye namanoveli, okokuqala ngaphansi kwegama elibizayo. Lapho umbhali eyaziwa ngempela, iBandla lase-Ireland alizange lihlehliswe futhi lifake uMaturin ukuba alomile. Umsebenzi wakhe owaziwa kakhulu wafika esikhathini esikude empilweni (nakuba kufanele kuthiwa lesi samuva sasingekho isikhathi eside) - i-sprawling "Melmoth the Wanderer".
"I-Melmoth iWanderer" yayiyi-Maturin ehamba phambili kakhulu (ngesikhathi nesendaweni) inoveli yamaGothi futhi yashicilelwa ngo-1820. "Iqhawe" leveli, uMelmoth, isazi esenza into ethandwa kakhulu ekuthengiseni umphefumulo wakhe kuDeveli. Ukushintshanisa iminyaka engaphezu kweminyaka engu-150 eyengeziwe yokuphila. Khona-ke uyahamba, njengalesi sikhathi sakhe, efuna umhlaba ukuba umuntu athathe isivumelwano sakhe sikaSathane.
Ukuphila kwakhe okuqhubekayo kuye kwaqhathaniswa ne "UmJuda ohamba phambili," kodwa ungabona uFaust kanye no-ETA Hoffmann " Elixiere des Teufels " njengendlela ehlukahlukene ehlokweni elifanayo.
Leveli iyisiqeshana sezindaba ezihlelwe ngaphakathi kwezinye izindaba, enikeza umfundi (kumaphuzu angathembekanga) indaba yokuphila kukaMelmoth.
Kukhona ukuhlaziya komphakathi komphakathi waseBritish (ikakhulukazi isiNgisi) ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Futhi kukhona okunye okugubha kabi emlonyeni uma kuziwa eSontweni LamaRoma-Katolika, ngokuphambene nensindiso etholakala kumaProthestani. Abafundi banamuhla bangase bahlukane neveli ... kodwa kusadingeka uzame.
Ungathola inguqulo ephelele ye-"Melmoth the Wanderer" kaMaturin ngokulandela lesi sixhumanisi.
Ukufunda Okumhlophe - Amaqoqo kaSt John D. Seymour
USt. John D. Seymour naye wayengumfundisi wamaProthestani, kodwa ngokungafani noMaturin wayengumqoqo, futhi u-antiquarian. Amaqoqo akhe ase-Victorian asekupheleni kwezingqungquthela angcono kakhulu ukuthi angenele kulolu daba, isikhathi sokulala ngesikhatsi sokufunda sokuqedwa ngokukhanya kwekhandlela elikhanyayo ... Ngincoma ukubukeka kwendlela yakhe nge-Irish witchcraft kanye ne-demonology, ehlanganisa abaningi imininingwane mayelana nokulingwa nezinsizi zikaDame Alice Kyteler. Futhi ngezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene, ungase uzame i-True Irish Ghost Stories eqoqwe nguSeymour, owokuqala wohlobo lwawo.
USheridan Le Fanu - Ukuxuba Ukuqamba Kweqiniso kanye neFiction
UJoseph Thomas Sheridan Le Fanu (1814 kuya ku-1873) kungenzeka, mhlawumbe, umlobi wase-Irish ophumelele kakhulu wezindaba zamaGothi kanye nemigwaqo eyimfihlakalo (eziningi zalezi zinsuku ziyizenzakalo ezibalulekile emlandweni wezehlakalo zobugebengu).
Ngokuvamile ebhekwa njengomunye wabalobi abakhulu kakhulu bezindaba zomoya ngesikhathi sekhulu le-19, wadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni uhlobo. Futhi, kukhona isonto lase-Ireland, njengoba ubaba kaLe Fanu engumfundisi waseWest Dublin. Kokubili iPhoenix Park kanye nomzana omuhle weChapelizod kufaka ezindabeni zikaLe Fanu.
Isixwayiso - USheridan Le Fanu wazama isenzo sokulinganisa phakathi kokusungulwa nokuqoqwa. Ezinye zezindaba zakhe zakhiwa, ezinye zinikezwa umfundi ngokuthi "izindaba zendawo". Omunye akakaqiniseki ukuthi kuphi ukuphela kokubika kanye nokuqala kwezingqikithi ... zibuke izindaba ezimbalwa zeSheridan Le Fanu kuqoqo elifinyelelwe ngalesi sixhumanisi.
I-Big Daddy - i-Bram Stoker
U-Abraham (owaziwa kangcono ngokuthi "i-Bram") u-Stoker (1847 kuya ku-1912) naye wavela emndenini ozinikele weSonto wase-Ireland, wayejabulela imfundo yangasese esikoleni senkolo, wafunda umthetho, kodwa waziwa njengomabili umsizi womuntu we-Victorian star actor UHenry Irving, kanye nomphathi webhizinisi we-Irving's Lyceum Theatre eLondon.
Ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula, wabhala ngokubhala izindaba ezincane namanoveli ...
Ngo-1897 wanikeza "iDracula" emhlabeni we-Victorian - inoveli yama-Gothic eyithatha umfundi ngokuyingxenye yeYurophu ngesikhathi sokurekhoda ( "... i-Toten reiten schnell!" ) Futhi ihlose ukuba iqoqo lezincwadi, idayari ukungena nokunye okunjalo, ne-narrator eguqukayo. Yikuphi, empeleni, okusengakufundwa namhlanje ... ngaphezu kokudideka "i-Melmoth".
"I-Dracula" ye-Bram Stoker iyakwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba futhi ifinyelele ezinhlotsheni eziningi zokubhala - ukuqala ngeveli yombhalo wamaGothi, izincwadi ezincane ze-vampire, ama-fiction ejwayelekile, futhi "izincwadi zokuhlasela", indlela yaseBrithani yokunikeza ukucwaswa ngezwi. Kuyinto yokuzivocavoca. I-Vampires ayiyona into eyenziwe ngu-Stoker, futhi ukukhetha kwakhe ukwenza i-Vlad the Impaler i-undead hero kungase kube nokungahleliwe okungahleliwe, kodwa le namba ngokuqinisekile yayinomthelela omkhulu kulolu hlobo.
Ukuze ufunde okuhle, okude, thola i- "Dracula" ye-Bram Stoker ngokulandela lesi sixhumanisi.
Ngendlela, uDracula weza ekhaya ngo-2014, lapho i-movie ethi "Dracula Untold" ifakwe eNyakatho ye-Ireland ... kungani i-Giant Causeway Causeway eyomelezwa yizintaba zaseCarpathian ingase ikhokhwe intela ngaphezulu ukugqugquzela kunengqondo.
Ukukhululwa Okukhanyayo no-Oscar Wilde
Umlobi wase-Ireland nomlobi u-Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (1854 kuya ku-1900) akadingi isingeniso, futhi "Isithombe se-Dorian Gray" sivame ukubonwa njengendzaba enhle kakhulu ... kodwa nge-Halloween ngingathanda ukuphakamisa enye indaba ethinta okungaphezu kwemvelo. "I-Canterville Ghost" yindaba encane eye yaba (ngaphezulu nangaphansi kancane ngempumelelo, ngithanda kuqala okokuqala) ngokushintshelwa kwesikrini nesiteji. Empeleni kwakuyizindaba zokuqala zikaWilde ezizoshicilelwa, ku "Inkantolo Nokubukezwa Komphakathi" ngoFebruwari 1887.
Indaba ilula - indlu yasekhaya yaseNgilandi endala, okuthiwa i-Canterville Chase, isethelwe njengendlu ye-archetypal haunted, igcwaliswe ngesilungiselelo se-Gothic, kufaka phakathi ukufakwa kwamakhompiyutha, umtapo wolwazi olufakwe emabhuloki emnyama, i-armor emgodini, emagumbini e-creaking floorboards, emaketangeni, futhi ezinye iziprofetho zasendulo zihamba nazo zonke lezi.
Kufika amaSulumane aseMelika ase-Stereotypical ... umndeni wakwa-Otis, ophelele ngokuthanda izinto ezingenakulinganiswa, ukuzethemba okungenamkhawulo, nokukholelwa okungapheli kwezibusiso zezwe lanamuhla ... kanye nokuthengwa kwempahla ebanzi. Yiqiniso, lokhu kuxabana namasiko aseBrithani. Futhi ngokuqinisekile ngempela ngeGhost Canterville ...
Ukuze kumnandi i-Irish Halloween ifundwe, akukho lutho olungcono kune-Oscar Wilde's "Canterville Ghost", etholakala ngaphansi kwalesi sixhumanisi.