INingizimu Afrika igcwele izimanga zemvelo, futhi izivakashi zingasenyakatho yezwe, i-Sudwala Caves ingenye yezinto ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Eqoshiwe edwaleni le-Precambrian eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-240 edlule, uhlelo lomhume lukholelwa ukuthi lungomunye wama-endala emhlabeni wonke. Itholakala ngomzuzu wamaminithi angu-30 ukusuka edolobheni laseNelspruit, futhi yathola idumela njengenye yezindawo ezivakashelwa kakhulu ezivakasheni esifundazweni saseMpumalanga.
Indlela amaKhongolose ayenziwe ngayo
I-Sudwala Caves iqoshwe eMalmani Dolomite Ridge, okuyingxenye yecala elidumile laseDrakenberg. I-ridge ngokwayo ibuyela esikhathini sokuqala somlando womhlaba - isikhathi sokuQala. Lokhu kwenza amadwala azungeze emaphandleni cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu; nakuba imihume ngokwabo yaqala ukudala kamuva (eminyakeni engaba ngu-240 million edlule). Ukubeka lokho kumongo, uhlelo lomhume lubuyela esikhathini lapho iplanethi yayihlanganisa ama-super-continent enza ama-Sudwala asekudala kune-Afrika ngokwawo.
Uhlelo lomhume lubonisa ukujwayela okuvamile kweKarst, okusinika insizakalo yokuthi kwakhiwa kanjani. Ngaphezu kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane zeminyaka, amanzi emvula aphethwe yi-carbon dioxide ahlunga edwaleni elivuthayo leMalmani Dolomite Ridge, ngokuya ngokuyinkimbinkimbi endleleni yalo. Kancane kancane yaqothula i-calcium carbonate e-dolomite, iqoqa ngezinkokhelo zemvelo nemifucuko futhi ikhulise ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ekugcineni, lobu buthakathaka edwaleni baba amaphahla kanye namakhasela, ekugcineni axhumene nomunye ukwenza uhlelo njengoba sikwazi namhlanje. Ekuqaleni, emaphandleni ayegcwele amanzi, awela emaphoyiseni ukudala amafomu amahle angama-stalactites, ama-stalagmites, amakholomu nezinsika.
Umlando Wabantu
Imivubukulo ibonisa ukuthi ama-Sudwala Caves ayekade ehlala umuntu wokuqala. Amathuluzi e-Stone Age aboniswa emnyango wamaphandlu avela eminyakeni engaba ngu-2,5 million edlule kuya eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa BC.
Muva nje, imihume yahlinzeka isiphephelo senkosana yaseSwazi okuthiwa iSomquba. USomquba waphoqeleka ukuba abaleke eSwaziland engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19, ngemuva kokuzama ukwehluleka ukumbamba isihlalo sobukhosi kumfowabo u-Mswati. Kodwa-ke, isikhulu esithunjiwe saqhubeka nokuhola amadoda akhe phezu komngcele ukuze aqhubekele izinkathazo futhi ezeba izinkomo; futhi lapho ebuya eNingizimu Afrika, ukuphangwa kwalezi zindawo kwagcinwa eSudwala. USomquba namasosha akhe basebenzise le minonga njengenqaba, mhlawumbe ngenxa yamanzi ayo amaningi futhi ukuthi kulula ukuzivikela.
Amapulangwe abizwa ngekhansela eliyinhloko likaSomquba kanye nenduna, uSudwala, owayevame ukushiya isikhundla senqaba. Umlando wendawo unomqondo wokuthi umoya kaSudwala usabhubhisa isimiso somhume namuhla. Lokhu akuwona kuphela amahemuhemu azungeze emaphandleni. Phakathi neMpi Yesibili Ye-Boer, i-hoard enkulu yegolide ye-bullion ye-Transvaal Republic yanyamalala ngenkathi ithunyelwa edolobheni eMpumalanga ukuze ilondolozwe.
Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi igolide lafihliwe eSudwala Caves-nakuba imizamo eminingi yokuthola ingcebo ingakapheli.
Amaphepho Namhlanje
Ngo-1965, emaphandleni wathengwa nguFilippus Rudolf Owen wasePitoli, owawavula emphakathini. Namuhla, izivakashi zingafunda ngomlando wazo we-geological and womuntu ongaqondakali ngehora elilodwa eliqondisiwe, elikuthatha amamitha angu-600 emgodini wamapulanka futhi cishe ngamamitha angu-150 ngaphansi komhlaba. Ama-walkways ahlelwe kahle ngokukhanyiswa kwezibani ezigcizelela izici ezithakazelisayo kakhulu namapulangwe. Ukuvakasha kuhlelwe njalo, ngokulinda okungaphezulu kwemizuzu engu-15 lapho ufika.
Abangcono kakhulu bangase bafune ukubhalisela i-Crystal Tour, eyenzeka ngoMgqibelo wokuqala wenyanga. Kuthatha amamitha angu-2 000 ekujuleni kwenqubo yomhume, ekamelweni eligcwala izinkulungwane zama-aragonite crystals.
Akuyona inhliziyo enamandla, noma kunjalo. Umzila uhilela i-spelunking ejulile emanzini okujula-namanzi kanye namathaneli amakhulu amakhulu okwanele. Imingcele yobudala kanye nesisindo siyasebenza, futhi ukuvakasha akufanelekile ukucacisa ama-claustrophobics nalabo abanezinkinga emuva noma emadolweni. I-Crystal Tour kumele ibhaliswe ngamasonto ambalwa kusengaphambili.
Izinto Okuzozibona
Ukugqama okuyinhloko kokuvakashela eSudwala Caves yi-Amphitheater, ikamelo elimangalisayo enhliziyweni yinkimbinkimbi elinganisa amamitha angu-70 ububanzi futhi likhuphuka ngamamitha angu-37 ukuya enhlahleni enhle. Ezinye izinhlobo eziphawulekayo zihlanganisa iNsika kaSamsoni, i-Monster Yokumemeza ne-Rocket, endala kunazo zonke ezenziwe ngokomlando eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-200 ubudala. Njengoba ujikeleza emaphandleni, gcina amehlo akho ezinsalela zesitshalo semvelo esaziwa ngokuthi i-Collenia. Ukwakhiwa nakho kuyindawo ekoloni yamabhantshi amahhashi angaphezu kuka-800.
Ngesikhathi ulinde ukuvakasha kwakho ukuqala, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola izindawo zokuqala zangaphambili eziboniswe emnyango. Ngemuva kwalokho, qhubeka no-adventure yakho ngokuvakashela iSpanishi ye-Fish Spa, noma ukuvakasha kwe-Sudwala Dinosaur Park. Ukukhangwa okudumile kutholakala ngamamitha ayikhulu futhi kuhlanganisa izinhlobo zokuphila ezihamba phambili nezilwane zama-dinosaurs ezibekwe ngaphakathi kwensimu enhle yezitshalo. Ungabona futhi izinkawu nezinyoni eziyingqayizivele ezihlala ngokukhululekile ngaphakathi kwepaki, kanti ukuboniswa kwezinambuzane zeNayile eziphilayo zigubha izinzala zezilwane ezinwabuzelayo.
Indlela Yokuvakashela Amadolobha AseSudwala
I-Sudwala Caves itholakala emgwaqweni we-R539, ohlangene ne-N4 enkulu emiphakathini eya enyakatho naseningizimu yeNelspruit (inhloko-dolobha yesiFundazwe saseMpumalanga). Kuhamba ngehora le-3.5 -hora ukusuka eKruger National Park, futhi kwenza isitimela esihle kubavakashi abahamba ngomgwaqo baya eGoli. Imihume ivuliwe nsuku zonke kusukela ngo-8: 30 ekuseni kuya ku-4: 30 ntambama. Amanani afana nalokhu:
R95 ngomuntu omdala
R80 ngomhlalaphansi ngamunye
R50 ingane ngayinye (ngaphansi kuka-16)
Ikhululekile kwabantwana abangaphansi kwezingu-4
I-Crystal Tour inenani lika-R450 ngomuntu ngamunye, futhi idinga idiphozithi yangaphambi kuka-R200. Uma ufuna ukuthatha uhambo kodwa ngeke ube khona ngoMgqibelo wokuqala wenyanga, kungenzeka ukuhlela uhambo oluhlukile ngesikhathi sokukhetha kwakho amaqembu ezinhlanu noma ngaphezulu.
Ukuze uhlale ubusuku bonke, izinketho zokuhlala eziphakanyisiwe zifaka uSudwala Lodge noPeter's Mountain Inn. Eyokuqala ihamba ngemoto emizuzu emihlanu ukusuka emaphandleni, futhi inikeza ukhetho lwamakamelo abamukelekayo emindenini kanye nezindawo zokuzithengisa ezihlala ngaphakathi kwensimu enhle egcwele igumbi lokubhukuda. Lezi zindawo zihlinzeka ngamakamelo angama-3 enkanyezi kanye nokudlela ngaphakathi kwebanga lokungena emaphandleni.