NgoDisemba 16, abantu baseNingizimu Afrika bagubha uSuku Lokubuyisana, iholidi lomphakathi elikhumbuza izenzakalo ezimbili ezibalulekile, zombili ezasiza ukuloba umlando wezwe. Okwakamuva kakhulu lokhu kwakunguMkhonto WeSizwe, ingalo yezempi ye-African National Congress (i-ANC). Lokhu kwenzeka ngoDisemba 16, 1961, futhi kwaphawula ukuqala komzabalazo ohlomile wokulwa nobandlululo.
Lesi senzakalo sesibili senzeke eminyakeni engu-123 ngaphambili, ngoDisemba 16th 1838. Leli yiMpi Yegazi, ehlangene phakathi kwabahlali baseDutch kanye namaqhawe aseZulu aseDingane.
Ingemuva
Lapho abaseBrithani beqoqa iKapa ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1800, abalimi abakhuluma isiDashi bafaka izikhwama zabo ezinqoleni zezinkabi bahamba baya eNingizimu Afrika befuna amazwe amasha angaphesheya kokubusa kweBrithani. Laba bantu abafudukayo baziwa ngokuthi yiVoortrekkers (isiBhunu kubaphambili noma amaphayona).
Izikhalo zabo ezibhekiswe eBrithani zishiwo kwi-Great Trek Manifesto, ebhalwe ngumholi weVoortrekker uPiet Retief ngoJanuwari 1837. Ezinye zezikhalazo eziyinhloko zazihlanganisa ukungabi nesekelo olunikezwa iBrithani ngokusiza abalimi ukuba bavikele umhlaba wabo ngesiXhosa izizwe zomngcele; kanye nomthetho wakamuva ophikisana nobugqila.
Ekuthomeni, iVoortrekkers yahlangana nokuncintisana okuncane noma okungenjalo lapho behambela iNortheast eya eNingizimu Afrika.
Leli zwe lalibonakala lingenalutho lwabantu-uphawu lwebutho eliqine kakhulu elidlulile esifundeni ngaphambi kweVoortrekkers.
Kusukela ngo-1818, izizwe zakwaZulu zenyakatho zazibe amandla amakhulu ezempi, zinqobe amaqembu amancane futhi zihlanganisa ndawonye ukuze zenze umbuso ngaphansi kokubusa kweNkosi King Shaka.
Abaningi bezitha zikaKing Shaka babalekela ezintabeni, balahla amapulazi abo futhi beshiya izwe elilahliwe. Akuzange kube yisikhathi eside, ngaphambi kokuba iVoortrekkers iwele ensimini yeZulu.
The Massacre
U-Retief, ekhanda isitimela seVoortrekker, wafika eNatali ngo-Okthoba 1837. Wahlangana nenkosi yamanje yamaZulu, iNkosi uDingane, ngenyanga edlule, ukuze azame ukuxoxisana nobunikazi bomhlaba. Ngokombiko, uDingane wavuma - esimweni sokuthi uRetief waqala ukubuyisela izinkulungwane ezinkulungwane ezibiwe izinkabi ezivela kuye yiNkosana uTlokwa.
U-Retief namadoda akhe bawuthola ngempumelelo izinkomo, bazinikela enhloko-dolobha yesizwe samaZulu ngoFebruwari 1838. NgoFebhuwari 6, iNkosi uDingane isho ukuthi isayinwe isivumelwano sokunikeza umhlaba weVoortrekkers phakathi kwezintaba zeDrakensberg nolwandle. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, wamema uRetief namadoda akhe emkhosini wokuphuza ngaphambi kokuba bahambe ezweni labo elisha.
Ngesikhathi esesengaphakathi, uDingane wayala ukubulawa kwabantu kukaRetief namadoda akhe. Akuqiniseki ukuthi kungani uDingane akhetha ukuhlambalaza uhlangothi lwakhe lwesivumelwano. Eminye imithombo ikhombisa ukuthi wathukuthelelwa ukwenqaba kukaRetief ukunikeza izibhamu namahhashi kuZulu; abanye basikisela ukuthi wayesaba ukuthi yini engenzeka uma iVoortrekkers enezibhamu nezinhlamvu ezivunyelwe ukuhlala emingceleni yakhe.
Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi imindeni yaseVoortrekker isiqale ukuhlala ezweni ngaphambi kokuba uDingane asayine lesi sivumelwano, isenzo asithatha njengobufakazi bokungahloniphi amasiko aseZulu. Noma yikuphi ukucabanga kwakhe, ukubulawa kwabantu kwabonwa yiVoortrekkers njengesenzo sokukhaphela okwabhubhisa ukuthi yikuphi ukukholwa okuncane okwakungekho phakathi kweBoers kanye neZulu eminyakeni emashumi ezayo.
I-Battle of Blood River
Kuwo wonke ama-1838, impi yahlasela phakathi kweZulu kanye neVoortrekkers, ngamunye ezimisele ukusula enye. Ngomhlaka-17 kuFebhuwari, amaqhawe kaDingane ahlasele amakamu aseVoortrekker kuwo wonke umfula iBushman's, ebulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-500. Kulawa, cishe u-40 kuphela babengamadoda amhlophe. Bonke abanye babengabesifazane, izingane kanye nezinceku ezimnyama ezihamba neVoortrekkers.
Le mpikiswano yafika enyangeni ngoDisemba 16 emgodini ongekho emthethweni eMfuleni iNcome, lapho amandla eVoortrekker amadoda angama-464 ayemise khona ebhange.
AmaVoortrekkers aholwa ngu-Andries Pretorius kanye nezinganekwane ukuthi ubusuku ngaphambi kokulwa, abalimi bathatha isifungo sokugubha usuku njengeholide lenkolo uma bevele behlula.
Ekuseni, phakathi kuka-10 000 no-20 000 amaqhawe aseZulu ahlasela amakalishi abo ajikeleza, eholwa ngu-Ndlela Sompisi. Ngenzuzo yezibhamu ezihlangothini lwazo, amaVoortrekkers akwazi ukuhlula kalula abahlaseli babo. Phakathi nemini, iZulus ezingaphezu kuka-3 000 zafa, kuyilapho uVoortrekkers abathathu kuphela balimala. AmaZula aphoqeleka ukubaleka futhi umfula ugijima obomvu ngegazi labo.
I-Aftermath
Ukulandela impi, iVoortrekkers yakwazi ukubuyisela izidumbu zikaPiet Retief namadoda akhe, ewacwaba ngoDisemba 21st 1838. Kuthiwa bathi bathole isibonelelo somhlaba esasayinwe phakathi kwempahla yabantu abafile, bese bayisebenzisa ukuze bakhonze izwe. Nakuba amakhophi alo mxhaso ekhona namuhla, okokuqala kwalahleka ngenkathi i-Anglo-Boer War (nakuba abanye bakholelwa ukuthi akukaze kube khona).
Kukhona manje izikhumbuzo ezimbili e-Blood River. Indawo yeGugu Yamagugu i-Blood River ihlanganisa ukukhwabanisa noma ukushayela izinqola zethusi, okwakhiwe endaweni yokulwa ukuze kukhunjulwe abaphikisi beVoortrekker. Ngo-November 1999, uNdunankulu waKwaZulu-Natali wavula iNyuvesi yaseNcome ngasekugcineni komfula. Izinikezelwe kuma-3,000 amaqhawe aseMelika alahlekelwa ukuphila kwawo futhi anikeze ukuchazwa kabusha kwezenzakalo eziholela ekuxabaneni.
Ngemuva kokukhululwa kobandlululo ngo-1994, isikhumbuzo sempi, ngoDisemba 16, sabizwa ngokuthi yiholide lomphakathi. Ebizwa ngokuthi iSuku Lokubuyisana, kusho ukukhonza njengesibonakaliso seNingizimu Afrika esanda kubumbana. Kuyinto futhi ukuvuma ukuhlupheka okuhlangenwe nakho ngezikhathi ezehlukene emlandweni wezwe ngabantu bemibala yonke nezinhlanga.
Lesi sihloko sibuyekezwe nguJessica Macdonald ngoJanuwari 30, 2018.