Kuzo zonke izilwane ezizulazula i-savan, i-rhino ngokungangabazeki enye yezinto ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Mhlawumbe kungumqondo ongenasisekelo wamandla ohanjiswa yifomu labo langaphambili; noma mhlawumbe yiqiniso ukuthi naphezu kobukhulu bawo, amahhhhh akwazi ukuhamba ngomusa omangalisayo. Ngokudabukisayo, i-spate ye-rhino poaching ehamba phambili ehamba phambili yenza kube lula ukuthi noma yikuphi umthombo wemilingo yabo, izizukulwane zesikhathi esizayo zingase zingalokothi zithole.
Umlando we-Poaching
Eminyakeni engu-150 eyedlule, amahhashi amhlophe namnyama ayemaningi kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Afrika. Ukuzingelwa okungekho emthethweni ngabahlali baseYurophu babone izinombolo zabo zehla kakhulu; kodwa kwakungakaze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1970 no-80 ukuthi ukugonywa kwezibhamu ngezimpondo zabo kwaba yinkinga yangempela. Ukufuna uphondo lwebhejane kwakunzima kakhulu kangangokuthi kwabulawa amahhashi angu-96% phakathi kuka-1970 no-1992, kuyilapho amahhashi amhlophe ayezingelwa kangangokuthi okwesikhashana, babhekwa njengabashonile.
Enye yezindaba ezinhle kakhulu zokulondolozwa kwesikhathi sethu, imizamo yokulondoloza ubhejane kusukela ekuhanjisweni kumakhasi omlando kwaholela ekubuyiseleni kwabantu abakubo. Namuhla, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezinkinobho ezimhlophe ezingaba ngu-20 000 namabhishi ama-black angu-5 000 asele esendle. Kodwa-ke, kusukela maphakathi no-2000, ukufuna uphondo lwebhejane kuye kwanyuka, futhi ngonyaka wezi-2008 ukuzamazama kwamaphoyisa kwafinyelela ezingeni elibucayi futhi.
Ngenxa yalokho, ikusasa lezo zilwane zombili manje aliqinisekile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Rhino Horn
Namuhla, ubhejane obumnyama nomhlophe kuvikelwe yi-Convention on International Trade in Specieties of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Ukuhweba ngamazwe ngamahhan noma izingxenye zabo akungekho emthethweni, ngaphandle kwamahhashi amhlophe avela eSwaziland naseNingizimu Afrika, engathunyelwa ngaphandle kwemvume ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ezithile.
Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwemithetho ye-CITES, uphondo lwebhejino luye lwaba nenzuzo kakhulu kangangokuthi abazingeli abazimisele ukubeka engozini yonke into ukuze bangenele embonini.
I-Rhino poaching ikhona ngenxa yesidingo semikhiqizo yamaphondo e-rhino emazweni ase-Asia afana ne-China ne-Vietnam. Ngokwesiko, uphondo lwebhejino oluyimpuphu lusetshenziswe kula mazwe njengesithako emithini esetshenziselwa ukuphatha izimo ezihlukahlukene - naphezu kokuthi ayikho inzuzo yokwelashwa eqinisekisiwe. Nokho, maduzane, intengo ehlongozwayo yophondo lwebhejane iholele ekutheni kuthengwa futhi idliwe kakhulu njengophawu lomumo nengcebo.
Ucwaningo olwenziwa yi-US eqinile i-Dalberg lucatshangisa ukubaluleka kocingo lwebhejane ku-$ 60,000 / kilo, okwenze kube lugugu emakethe omnyama kunamadayimane noma i-cocaine. Lesi sibalo esikhulu kakhulu senyuke ngokuzenzekelayo eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, kanti inani le-rhino phondo lilinganiselwa ku-$ 760 emuva ngo-2006. Njengoba ubhubhisilo buthakathaka inani labantu ababhekene ne-rhino, ukungabi khona komkhiqizo kwenza kube okubaluleke kakhulu, futhi kwanda ukugqugquzela ukuphoqa endaweni yokuqala.
I-New Poaching Era
Inani elimangalisayo lemali elisengozini liye laguqula ukuzingela emabhizinisini amabhizinisi afana nokuhweba izidakamizwa noma izikhali.
Ama-poaching gangs alawulwa yizinhlangano zokulwa nobugebengu obuhleliwe, abanokusekelwa ngokwezimali okukhulu futhi babona amahhashi njengento yokuxhashazwa kabi. Ngenxa yalokho, izindlela zokudoba ziba yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, ezibandakanya izixhobo zobuchwepheshe ezifana namadivaysi okulandelela i-GPS nemishini yokubona ebusuku. A
Isitayela esisha se-poaching kwenza kube nzima (futhi kuyingozi) ukulandelana kwamaphoyisa okulwa nokuzivikela ukuze kuvikelwe kahle amahhashi asele. Ukwenza kanjalo, amapolisi kumele alindele ukuthi abazingeli bazobe beshaya kuphi-umsebenzi ongenakwenzeka ngokubheka ubukhulu bemapaki kanye nezinqolobane lapho amahhashi ahlala khona. Lokhu kwenziwa kanzima ngokukhwabanisa okukhulu, kanye nezinhlangano ezisebenzisa ingcebo yazo ukukhokha izikhulu zombili ngaphakathi kwamapaki kanye namazinga aphezulu kahulumeni ngolwazi.
Izibalo Zokuqothula
ENingizimu Afrika yedwa, inani lezinkukhu ezibhekwa ngonyaka liye landa ngamaphesenti angu-9 000 kusukela ngo-2007. Ngo-2007, ama-rhinos angu-13 aboshelwe emingceleni yezwe; ngo-2014, leso sibalo senyukela ku-1,215. INingizimu Afrika ihlala emanzini amaningi asele emhlabeni, futhi ngaleyo ndlela iye yathwala imizamo yokuzikhukhumeza eminyakeni yamuva. Noma kunjalo, amazwe angomakhelwane nawo asezinkingeni. ENamibia, amabhinki amabili aphethwe ngo-2012; kanti kwabulawa abangu-80 ngo-2015.
Ukuqothulwa kwalokhu kungumphumela omkhulu wezibalo ezifana nalezi kuboniswa yikusasa lebhejane elimnyama laseNtshonalanga, ama-subspecies amemezelwe ngokusemthethweni ngo-2011. Ngokwe-International Union for Conservation of Nature (i-IUCN), imbangela enkulu ye-subspecies ' ukunyamalala kwakuyi-poaching. Amahhashi omhlophe aseNyakatho ahlelwe ukuba ahlupheke ngokufanayo, nabantu abathathu kuphela abashiye. Zihlobene eduze kakhulu nokuzalwa ngokwemvelo futhi zigcinwa ngaphansi kwesigidi esinamahora angu-24.
Ukubaluleka kwamaRhinos
Kunezizathu eziningi zokulwela ikusasa lamahhhashi asishiyelwe kithi, hhayi okungenani ukuthi kuyisibopho sethu sokwenza kanjalo. Amahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Balondoloza i-savan yase-Afrika ngokudla ama-kilos angu-65 wezitshalo nsuku zonke futhi kubalulekile ekulinganiseni kwemvelo enhle lapho ihlala khona. Uma ziphela, ezinye izilwane kulo lonke uhambo lokudla nazo zingathinteka.
Futhi banenani elikhulu lezezimali. Njengengxenye ye- Big Five edumile yase-Africa, banesibopho sokudala izigidi zamaRandi ngenzuzo ngezokuvakasha; imboni engasiza abantu abaningi kunabambalwa abalinganiselwe asekelwa ukuzingela. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphakathi yasendaweni iyazuza emalini engenayo eyenziwe yi-eco-tourism yingxenye eyinhloko yokugqugquzela ukugcinwa kobhejane ezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukulwa Nokuguquka
Inkinga ye-poaching poaching yinzima, futhi ayikho isisombululo esisodwa. Kuye kwaphakanyiswa eziningana, ngayinye yazo ineziqu zayo ezithintekayo nezinkinga. Isibonelo, izinkampani ezimbalwa zase-US okwamanje zizama ukuthuthukisa uphondo lwamaqhumani obhejane njengendlela yokubuyisela into yangempela; kuyilapho iNingizimu Afrika iphakamise ukuthengiswa kwe-rhino epulazini njengendlela yokukhukhula emakethe, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukubaluleka kophondo futhi kungabonakali kakhulu kubazingeli.
Kodwa-ke, ngokusondeza emakethe ompondo we-rhino, zombili lezi zixazululo zibeka ingozi yokubangela inkinga yokugqugquzela ukungena ngokuqhubeka nokufuna umkhiqizo. Ezinye iziphakamiso zibandakanya uketshezi lwezimpondo zobhejane ukuze zenzeke, futhi zihlinzekwe ngokucophelela izimpondo ezivela emashumini okuphila ukuze zingasabheki. I-Dehorning ibone impumelelo ethile, nakuba ibiza kakhulu. Kwezinye izindawo, abazingeli babulala ubhejane olungenalutho ukuze bangaphinde bachithe isikhathi ngokulandela ngomkhondo.
Ngokuyinhloko, ukuzingela kufanele kudonswe kusuka emazingweni eziningana ezahlukene. Izikhwama zidinga ukuphakanyiswa ukuze zivumele ukulandelela okuqhubekayo kokulwa nokulondeka, kanti ukuphoqelelwa komthetho kuyisihluthulelo ekuqedeni inkohlakalo. Izinhlelo zokufundisa ezemvelo kanye nezikhuthazo zezezimali zingasiza ukunqoba ukusekelwa kwemiphakathi ehlala emaphethelweni emapaki namageyimu emidlalo ukuze bangasalingi ukulingwa ukuze basinde. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngokuqwashisa e-Asia, kuyathemba ukuthi ukufuna uphondo lwebhejane kungenziwa usuku olulodwa lunye.
Ukuze uthole ukuthi ungasiza kanjani, vakashela i-Save the Rhino, isizwe samazwe omhlaba esizosiza ukulondolozwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo ze-rhino emhlabeni wonke.