Ukuvakasha kweMpi Yezwe I Imemori eFrance

01 ngo-04

Ukuvakasha kweMpi Yezwe Elisha I Memorials eFrance

Impi Yezwe Yezwe I yahlakazeka ngaphesheya kweNyakatho yeFrance futhi iyaziwa futhi ivakashelwa kakhulu. Ngakho kuyamangala ukuzwa ukuthi amasayithi amasha kanye nezikhumbuzo ezintsha kusukela eMpini Yezwe I zisatholakala futhi zakhiwe, cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu ngemva 'kwempi ukuqeda zonke izimpi.' Umlando weMpi Yezwe I awunakabhalwa ngokucacile futhi akungabazeki uma kuzoba njalo. Kuphoqelekile ukuqonda futhi ukuhambisana neMpi Yezwe I engazange ibuyele isikhathi. Kubangelwa umuzwa wokuthi akufanele nanini sikhohlwe impi enyantisayo kodwa futhi kakhulu ngenxa yocwaningo lwendawo nangozwe jikelele.

Izimpi eziyinhloko zeMpi Yezwe I zalwa ngaseYpres eBelgium futhi ukuvakasha kweMpi Yezwe Yempi kuqala kuvame lapho. Kodwa kunokuningi kokubona eningizimu eFrance ezungeze amadolobha akhangayo endaweni. Ukutholakala kwamagumbi angu-250 azungeze i-Fromelles kuye kwaholela emathuneni amasha; kukhona isikhumbuzo esisha okwakhiwa manje kuWilfred Owen, imbongi eyathatha 'Ubuhlungu Bempi', kanti omunye umuntu onqaba ukuyeka ekufuneni kwakhe iNtanki yeMpi Yezwe I manje ubonisa isikhali sikaMark IV enqolobaneni eFlesquière .

Indawo

Lokhu kuhamba kancane kwezindawo ezintsha ezintathu ze-World War I kuthatha ukusuka eLille eningizimu entshonalanga kuya ku-Fromelles, eningizimu kuya eFlesquières bese empumalanga kuya e-Ors. Ungakwenza lokhu kalula ngosuku oluvela eLille , Arras noma eCambrai.

02 ka 04

I-Fromelles (i-Pheasant Wood), i-New World War I Emathuneni

I-Fromelles ingumzana omncane oqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-18 eningizimu entshonalanga yeLille kusukela eN41 ukuya ngaseLens. Endleleni eya emzaneni, yeka esikhumulweni sabase-Australia abafa e-Battle of Fromelles. Dlulisa isithombe esithinta isosha elilodwa eliphethe umngane ongenathemba, ekhumbula izinombolo zama-Australia abulawe lapha futhi aqhubeke ne-War Cemetery entsha e-Fromelles. Lona ngamathuna amasha okuqala akhiwa yi-Commonwealth War Graves Commission eminyakeni engama-50 futhi ibonisa impi kaJulayi 19, 1916. Amakhanda amakhanda, ahlelwe emigqeni eqinile yempi, ahlanzekile futhi emhlophe futhi umnyango wokukhumbula ukhumbule uhlakaniphile, isitini esiluhlaza esingabonakali. Ngemuva kokubona amathuna amadala ngamakhanda akhanda, izihlahla nezimbali, i-Fromelles (i-Pheasant Wood) Emangcwabeni weMpi ifika njengento eshaqisayo.

I-Battle of Fromelles yiyona yokuqala yokulwa kweMpi Yezwe I e-Western Front ehlanganisa amabutho ase-Australia futhi kwakuyinkinga, eyenziwe ikakhulukazi eluhlaza amabutho ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kwakuyindlela nje yokulwa ne-Battle of the Somme. I-5th Australian Division yabhekana nokulahlekelwa okukhulu: abangu-5 533 babulawa, balimala, bathunjwa noma balahlekile. I-Bretish yaseBrithani engu-61 yalahlekelwa ukulahlekelwa kuka-1 547. E-Fromelles kukholelwa ukuthi abantu abangu-1 780 base-Australia namasosha aseBrithani angu-500 bafa.

Ngesikhathi izidumbu eziningi ezivela empini zingcwatshwa emashumini eminyaka edlule emathuneni enokuthula aseduze noVC Corner noPetillon Street, ukutholakala kwamagumbi angu-250 emathuneni amaningi ePheasant Wood ngoSeptemba 2009 yinkampani ekhethekile, i-Oxford Archeology, kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu ekufuneni okunye okufa kweMpi Yezwe I. Kwacaca ngokushesha ukuthi kwakufanele kwakhiwe amathuna amasha.

Ukuhlonza izidumbu kuye kwaba yinkambiso engavamile yokwenza umsebenzi wokuhlola, okubandakanya i-DNA ezihlotsheni ezikude kanye nomzamo omkhulu wokucwaninga osebenza nezikhungo ezifana ne- Imperial War Museum eLondon.

Izinsalela zabafileyo zazingcwatshwa ngokusemthethweni e-Fromelles Military Cemetery ngoJanuwari noFebhuwari 2010. NgoJulayi 19, 2010, amathuna avuleka ngokusemthethweni, amaka iminyaka engu-94 yempi.

03 ka 04

I-Tank Yezwe Yezwe I Ivezwe Eminyakeni Engu-90 Kamuva

Ukusuka ku-Fromelles, ukuhamba ngeningizimu engamakhilomitha angama-84 kukuthatha u-Arras noCambrai emzaneni omncane waseFlesquières, ejulile ezweni lokulima.

Kwaphela iminyaka eyisithupha, uPhilip Gorczuynski, umnikazi wehotela wendawo, isazi-mlando nomlobi, useshe itanki elithile elikhunjulwe yizigqila zaseRussia emgodini omkhulu eduze kwekhefu umndeni wakhe. Kanye nosizo lobuchwepheshe, ekugcineni wathola itanki, uMarku IV Deborah, ngo-1998 futhi waqamba.

Lokhu kwakungokuqala kwendaba njengoba eqala ukucwaninga empilweni yalabo abafa e-tank phakathi neMpi ebalulekile yaseCambrai, ngoNovemba 20, 1917 okubandakanya amathangi angu-475 eBrithani. Kwakuyisivivinyo sokuqala salolu hlobo lwesikhali esisha olungaba nomthelela onjalo empini yanamuhla.

UFilie Gorczuysnki wathenga inqolobane edolobhaneni wabe esefaka itanki lapho ne-museum encane yangasese esakhiweni esincane esiseduze. UDeborah wayemi emgodini, ehlukanisiwe, ehlushwa futhi ehlukaniswa ingxenye. Intshisekelo iqoqwe futhi manje uDeborah ifakwe emnyuziyamu omusha eceleni kwe-Commonwealth War Grave eFlesquières.

I-tank imele kuwo wonke amaqhawe ayo ahlukumezekile ekamelweni elenziwe ngezansi elingaphansi komhlaba. Emlandweni wakhe kukhona izindaba zokuthola kwakhe kanye nokuphila kwakhe kwangaphambili okuyingxube emangalisayo - indaba yobuqhawe emkhakheni wezempi kanye nendaba yombhishobhi wamanje wendlela athola ngayo itanki futhi yacwaninga izimpilo - nokufa - wabantu bayo.

• I-museum ivula ngoMashi 2018.

Ulwazi olungokoqobo:

I-Cambrai Tank Museum

Flesquières

Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi hlola i-Tourism Cambresis.

04 ka 04

Amahora Okugcina WeMpi Yezwe I I-Soldier-Poet, uWilfred Owen

UWilfred Owen, umbongi waseNgilandi ombongi we-WWI owaba nomthelela omkhulu ngalesi sikhathi futhi usamthinta kakhulu namuhla, wangcwatshwa emathuneni ase-Ors, idolobhana eliseduze neLe Cateau-Cambresis. Kungamakhilomitha angu-45 empumalanga yeFlesquières, ukushayela ngeCambrai.

Isosha-mbongi wasichitha ubusuku bakhe bokugcina namasosha ayekanye naye ngaphandle komuzi endaweni encane ebomvu futhi ephansi yedolobha lase-Forester's House. Ingxenye yekamu lempi, le ndlu encane ebomvu-brick njengamanje iguqulwa ngendlela engacabangi kakhulu ibe yikhumbuzo kumbongi. Konke kwaqala ngemizamo kaMeya wendawo, efuna ukwazi ngenani leNgisi eyafika emzaneni efuna ulwazi ngomlobi, waxhumana noWilfred Owen eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule. Wathandwa kakhulu yilo ndaba futhi umxhwele udumo lukaWilfred Owen kanye nezinkondlo zakhe ukuthi waqala ukubamba isikhumbuzo. I-million million ye-euro yaphakanyiswa futhi isikhumbuzo sivuliwe ekwindla 2011.

Emzaneni uqobo, kukhona uphawu eceleni komgwaqo lapho imbongi eyadutshulwa khona, ezinsukwini ezingu-5 kuphela ngaphambi kokuphela kwempi. Isikhwama senzeka lapho umgwaqo uwela ibhuloho phezu kwamanzi ahamba kancane. Okuqhubekayo kuWilfred Owen Library kunengxenye encane yezincwadi kumbongi kanye nempi. Kusuka lapha, kuyisikhathi esifushane sokungena emangcwabeni - akusiyo impi enkulu, esemthethweni yamangcwaba, kepha indawo enokuthula, eyendawo yendawo yaseBrithani enikezwe amasosha afile lapha.

Njalo ngonyaka, ngoNovemba 4, idolobhana liphethe ikhonsathi lesikhumbuzo esontweni nokufunda izinkondlo zakhe. Ibizwa ngokuthi iWilfred Owen Memorial .

Thola okuningi ku-Wildred Owen ngokusebenzisa uWilfred Owen Society.

Thola kabanzi mayelana nesifunda: kule website ye-Nord Pas de Calais.