I- National Mall , njengenhloko enkulu yaseWashington DC, ibuyele ekuqaleni kokusungulwa kweMuzi waseWashington njengesihlalo esihlala njalo sikahulumeni wase-United States. Isikhala somphakathi esaziwa ngokuthi iMall sashintsha ngokukhula kwedolobha nesizwe. Ukulandela isifinyeto esifushane somlando nokuthuthukiswa kweNational Mall.
I-L'Enfant Plan ne-National Mall
Ngo-1791, uMongameli uGeorge Washington wakhetha uPharles Charles L'Enfant, umdwebi waseMelika ozelwe ngesiFulentshi kanye nomenzi wezobunjiniyela, ukuklama isikwele esingamamitha ayishumi sensimu yenhlangano njengenhloko-dolobha yesizwe (iSifunda saseColumbia).
Izitaladi zomuzi zafakwa emgodini ogijima enyakatho-eningizimu nasempumalanga-entshonalanga enezindlela ezibanzi ezihlukene zokuwela igalari nemibuthano kanye nezindawo zokubeka izindawo ezivumela izikhala ezivulekile zezikhumbuzo nezikhumbuzo. I-Enfant yabheka "i-grand avenue" efinyelela cishe amamitha ama-1 ubude phakathi kweCapitol Building kanye nesithombe se-equestrian sikaGeorge Washington sokuba sibekwe eningizimu yeNdlu Elingcwele (lapho i- Monument yaseWashington ikhona manje).
Uhlelo lweMcMillan ka-1901-1902
Ngo-1901, uSeninkulu uJames McMillan waseMichigan wahlela ikomidi labadwebi abaqashile, abaqambi bemvelo, nabadwebi ukudala uhlelo olusha lweMall. Uhlelo lweMcMillan lwandiswe uhlelo lokuqala lomuzi u-L'Enfant futhi lwadala i-National Mall esazi namhlanje. Lolu hlelo ludinga ukuvuselela kabusha ama-Capitol Grounds, nokwandisa iMall ngasentshonalanga naseningizimu ukudala iWest neMpumalanga Potomac Park, ukukhetha amasayithi eLincoln Memorial naseJefferson Memorial nokuhambisa indawo yesitimela yedolobha (ukwakha i- Union Station ), ukwakha ihhovisi lehhovisi likaMasipala enxantathu eyenziwe yiPennsylvania Avenue, 15 Street, ne-National Mall (Federal Triangle).
I-National Mall ekhulwini lama-20
Phakathi neminyaka ye-1900, i-The Mall yaba yindawo yokuqala yesikhungo sethu semikhosi yomphakathi, imibuthano yomphakathi, imibhikisho nemibuthano. Imicimbi evelele ifake phakathi kuka-1963 March kuWashington, ngo-1995 Million Man March, 2007 i-Iraq War Protest, i-Rolling Thunder yonyaka, Ukuvulwa Kwezomongameli kanye nezinye eziningi.
Kuwo wonke ama-century, i- Smithsonian Institution yakha iminyuziyamu yamakilasi omhlaba (10 ephelele namuhla) ku-National Mall inikezela umphakathi ithuba lokufinyelela emaqoqweni avela ezinambuzaneni nakumameteorites kuya ku-locomotives nase-spacecraft. Izikhumbuzo zikazwelonke zakhiwe kulo lonke leli khulu leminyaka ukuze zihloniphe izibalo ezibonakalayo ezasiza ukuhlela isizwe sethu.
I-National Mall Namuhla
Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-25 bavakashela iNational Mall unyaka ngamunye futhi kudingeke ukuthi kwenziwe uhlelo lokugcina inhliziyo yenhloko-dolobha yesizwe. Ngo-2010, iNational Mall Plan isayinwe ngokusemthethweni ukuze ivuselele futhi ivuselele izindawo nezinqalasizinda kwiNational Mall ukuze iqhubeke isebenza njengengxenye evelele yezenzo zomphakathi ezizukulwaneni ezizayo. I-Trust ye-National Mall yasungulwa ukuze ihlanganyele nomphakathi ekudaleni uhlelo lokuhlangabezana nezidingo zabantu baseMelika nokusekela iNational Park Service.
Amaqiniso Nezingqikithi Zemlando Ezibalulekile
- Ukwakhiwa kweCapitol Building kwaqala ngo-1793.
- I-Smithsonian Institution yasungulwa yiCongress ngo-1847.
- Ukwakhiwa kweMonument yaseWashington kwaqala ngo-1848 kodwa akuzange kugcwaliswe kuze kufike ngo-1884.
- I-Union Station yakhiwa ngo-1907 njengengxenye ye-McMillan Plan, okuvumela ukususwa kwezingoma zokuqeqesha ezingaqondakali eMall nokuqeda isidingo se-Baltimore & Ohio Railroad esibulalayo esasisiteshini samanje se-National Gallery of Art.
- Izihlahla ze-cherry ezanikezwa isizwe saseJapane zatshalwe ngaseTidal Basin ngo-1912.
- ISikhumbuzo saseLincoln sanikezelwa ngo-1922.
- I-Thomas Jefferson memorial yaqedwa ngo-1939
Ama-Agencies aneGunyaziwe kwi-National Mall
- Umkhandlu Ocebisa Ngokulondolozwa Kwemlando (ACHP) - I-federal agency iyeluleka uMengameli neCongress ngenqubomgomo yomlando kazwelonke yokulondoloza.
- IKhomishane Yezobuciko (CFA) - Ikhomishana, eyadalwa ngo-1910, iluleka mayelana nokuklama nokuhlelwa kwezinto zokwakha izakhiwo zokwakha ukugcina isithunzi senhloko-dolobha yesizwe.
- Ikhomishana yokuHlelwa kweNational Capital Planning (NCPC) - I-ejensi yokuhlela kahulumeni, eyasungulwa ngo-1924, inikeza izeluleko emiphakathini ethinta inhloko-dolobha yesizwe kanye nezindawo ezizungezile.
- Isikhungo SaseNational Park / Isifundazwe Sikazwelonke (NPS / NCR) Isifundazwe saseMaphondo saseWashington) Njengesizinda seMnyango Wezangaphakathi waseMelika, iNational Park Service inakekela futhi inikezela ngezinsiza zePhalamende kazwelonke eMelika.