Yini abantu baseShayina abayithandayo?

Imibono kanye nemibono yangaphambili mayelana nabantu baseChina

Kunzima ukwazi ukuthi abantu baseShayina bafana ngaphandle kokuvakashela leli zwe. Njengoba usuvele usuqedile impilo enhle ehlala eJapane futhi ujikeleza e-Asia , imibono yangaphambili kanye nemibono ehambisana "nendlela ehlukile ngayo?" babe namandla. Lezo mbono zadutshulwa ngemuva kokuba zikhona isikhathi esifushane nje.

Abanye abantu basebenzise ngokungafanele abantu baseShayina. Isiko lamaShayina lihluke kakhulu kusukela enyakatho kuya eningizimu nasempumalanga kuya entshonalanga, futhi akukhona neze into efana "nabantu baseShayina" noma "ulimi lwesiShayina." Kukhona isiHan Chinese, isizwe esiyinhloko. Kunezinye izizwe ezingama-56 ezakha abantu baseChina. Kukhona isiMandarin isiShayina, esilula ulimi lwaseChina, bese-ke kukhona cishe ulimi oluhlukile kuwo wonke amadolobha kanye naseChina.

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-generalizations kuningi eNtshonalanga ngabantu baseShayina. Kodwa inyakatho yaseShayina ibuye iphinde ibe yiShayina yaseningizimu; I-Shanghainese igcwalisa ngabantu abavela ngaphandle kwe-Shanghai. Ngenxa yokungafani kolimi, amasiko ase-Asia abonakala sengathi angaphandle. Sonke sinemibono esandulele mayelana nokuthi kuzoba njani uma sifika e-China, kodwa ukuthi konke kuphuma efasiteleni uma siphila endaweni futhi siyazi.

• 01 ngo-04

  Abantu baseShayina Abanabo Abafowabo

  Uhlelo lukahulumeni waseShayina lokuzithandela lwengane eyodwa lwaqala ukusebenza ngo-1978; Ngo-1980, uhulumeni oyinhloko waqala ukumisa inqubomgomo yomntwana oyedwa ezweni lonke. Noma ubani ozelwe ngaphambi kuka-1978 cishe kunomunye oyedwa noma ngaphezulu.

  Inqubomgomo ayihloselwe ukumboza wonke umuntu ngokulingana futhi isho ngaphezulu kubantu basezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Abalimi nabancane bezinhlanga zaseChina bavunyelwe ngaphezu kwengane eyodwa, ikakhulukazi uma ingane yokuqala iyintombazane. Ngakho uma uhamba waya emaphandleni noma ezindaweni ezikude zaseChina , uzothola imindeni enezingane ezingaphezu kweyodwa.

  Ukuphumelela kwenqubomgomo kuye kwasho ukwehla okuphelele kuzalwa kwaseShayina. Lokhu sekuyisizathu se-alamu ngoba kunabantu abambalwa abasebenza emsebenzini wokunakekela abantu asebekhulile. Ngakho-ke, ngasekupheleni kuka-2015 izikhulu zaseShayina zamemezela ukuthi lolu hlelo luzophela. Ngo-2016, yonke imindeni yayivunyelwe ukuba nezingane ezimbili. Indaba yezingane zakubo ayiyona into, futhi abantu baseShayina bavulekile ukuxoxa ngakho.

• 02 ka 04

  Abantu baseShayina Bahlukumezekile

  Enye yezinto eziphawulekayo ngokuhamba ngezansi emgwaqweni eShanghai ngukuthi wonke umuntu ukhuluma ngokuzwakalayo. Kuthiwa, amaMelika yizwi elikhulu. Ukubuka abesifazane ababili asebekhulile ngaphesheya komgwaqo ngelinye ilanga kulokho okwakubonakala sengathi ingxoxo enokuthula, izinga labo le-decibel liphakanyisiwe ukuthi kufanele lithukuthelane.

  Ngemva kokufunda isiMandarin ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, kwacaca ukuthi abantu baseShayina bavame kakhulu lapho bekhuluma. Uma into evelayo ithola injabulo noma ibalulekile, ivolumu ikhuliswa.

  Ukuma emgqeni-isenzakalo samuva futhi, ezindaweni ezinjenge-line ekhemisi yendawo noma eposini, ukusikisela nje-kuyacasula uma usujwayele ukulinda emigqeni ehambisana nesikhala somuntu siqu. Abantu baseShayina bayoshaya bese bexosha ngemuva kwakho noma baqede indlela yabo phambi kwakho ngenxa yokuthi awunayo ikhala lakho elithinta ngemuva komuntu phambi kwakho. Kodwa yileyondlela; kufanele ume umhlabathi wakho. Akuyona into yomuntu siqu.

  Ngokuphathelene nemikhankaso yokulwa nokuphambanisa, yindawo evamile-kodwa nokuphambanisa, ngeshwa.

• 03 ka 04

  Akekho Okhuluma IsiNgisi

  Uyomangala ukuthi kungakanani isiNgisi esikhulunywa eChina. Phendulela isimo, futhi uzogubha ikhanda lakho ngamahloni. Noma kunjalo, ngenkathi isiNgisi sikhulunywa kabanzi ngabantu baseShayina, izinga lokuqonda lihlukile. Umsizi emakethe yendwangu uzokwazi ukuthi isilulumagama esilula sokwenza izingubo kodwa cishe ngeke akwazi ukuthola ingxoxo eningiliziwe yesimiso semfundo yaseShayina. Khuluma kancane. Ungabuzi ewe / noma yimiphi imibuzo, ngoba izikhathi eziningi imboni yesevisi abantu bayovumelana nawe noma bathi yebo ngisho noma bengakuzwanga isicelo sakho.

  Abashayeli bamatekisi abavamile ukukhuluma isiNgisi, futhi kuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuba nekheli lendawo oya kuyo libhalwa ngesiShayina ephepheni. Izimpawu zomgwaqo zilotshwe ngesiNgisi emadolobheni amakhulu ukuze ukwazi ukuhamba.

• 04 ka 04

  Abantu baseShayina Bakhuluma "isiShayina"

  I-Mainland yaseChina ivame ukuqondwa ukuthi inabantu abaningi baseShayina kanye nezinhlanga ezingama-56 ezihlukene. Ngakho lapho abantu becabanga ngamaShayina, cishe babhekisela kuningi labangenalo ngaphandle kokukwazi. Izingane ezincane ezisemthethweni ezingu-56 zabantu zihlakazekile kulo lonke elaseChina, kodwa amaqembu ahlukene aphezulu ezindaweni ezahlukene. Isibonelo, iTibet yikhaya labantu baseTibetan, iPhondo lesifunda saseYunnan lihlala kubantu abaningi baseBu naseHui, kanye nesifundazwe sase-Xinjiang sihlala kubantu base-Uigher.

  Iqembu ngalinye elincane linamasiko alo nendlela yokugqoka. Ukuvakashela izindawo lapho laba bantu bahlala khona kunika umhambi ngendlela engafani ngokuhamba eChina.

  IsiMandarin abantu bakhuluma isiShayina abantu abakucabangayo lapho bekhuluma ulimi olukhulunywa kakhulu ezweni lase China. I-Putonghua, njenge-Mandarin Chinese ibizwa ngesiMandarin Chinese , ulimi olufundiswa ezikoleni futhi lisetshenziswe kuthelevishini.

  Izinkulungwane zezilimi zikhona eChina. Ngisho naseShanghai, ama-suburbanites akhuluma ulimi oluhlukile kune-Shanghainese enamandla (Shanghaihua), ehluke ngokuphelele eMandarin Chinese. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa isiCanton eshiwo kuma-movie. Leli gama lisetshenziswe esifundazweni saseT Guangdong naseHong Kong.