Ekuthomeni okuzinikele ekusebenzeni kweShi'a Islam, i-mosque al-Azhar cishe idala njengeCairo ngokwayo. Yathunyelwa ngo-970 yi-Fatimid Caliph al-Mu'izz, futhi yayiyisiqalo sokuqala samasonto amaningi. Njengesikhumbuzo se-Fatimid esidala kunazo zonke eGibhithe, ukubaluleka kwayo okuyingqopha-mlando akunakulinganiswa. Kuyaziwa futhi emhlabeni jikelele njengendawo yokufunda yamaSulumane futhi kufana ne-University of Al-Azhar ephethe kakhulu.
Umlando we-Mosque
Ngo-969, iGibithe laqotshwa yiJeneral Jawhar as-Siqili, ephethe ngaphansi kwe-Calibral Caliph al-Mu'izz. U-Mu'izz wagubha amazwe akhe amasha ngokusungula umuzi ogama lakhe elihunyushwe ngokuthi "ukunqoba kuka-al-Mu'izz". Leli dolobha lalizobizwa ngolunye usuku njengeCairo. Ngonyaka owodwa, u-al-Mu'izz wayala ukwakhiwa kweMosque yokuqala-al-Azhar. Kwaqedwa eminyakeni emibili nje kuphela, uMosque waqala ukuvula imithandazo ngo-972.
Ngesi-Arabhu, igama elithi Al-Azhar lisho ukuthi "umkhosi wama-moshi ohloniphekile kakhulu". I-legend iwukuthi le moniker yezinkondlo ayisho ukuthi ubuhle be-mosque ngokwayo, kodwa kuFatimah, indodakazi yomprofethi Muhammad. UFatimah wayaziwa nge-epithet "az-Zahra", okusho ukuthi "ukukhanya noma okuhloniphekayo". Nakuba le mbono ingavunyelwanga, iyabonakala - emva kwakho konke, uCaliph al-Mu'izz wathi uFatimah ungomunye wabokhokho bakhe. A
Ngomnyaka we-989, i-mosque yamisa izazi ezingama-35, ezahlala eduze nomsebenzi wazo omusha.
Inhloso yabo kwakuwukusabalalisa izimfundiso zikaShia, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umsikashika waba yunivesithi egcwele. Eyaziwayo kulo lonke uMbuso wamaSulumane, abafundi bahamba bevela emhlabeni wonke ukuyofunda e-Al-Azhar. Namuhla, yiyona eyesibili ehamba phambili eyunivesithi emhlabeni wonke futhi ihlala enye yezindawo eziphambili ze-Islamic scholarship.
I-Mosque Namuhla
UMosque wathola isimo sawo njengesiyunivesithi esizimele ngo-1961, futhi manje ufundisa iziyalo zanamuhla ezihlanganisa imithi kanye nesayensi kanye nezifundo zenkolo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngenkathi i-Fatimid Caliphate yasekuqaleni yakha i-Al-Azhar njengesikhungo sokukhulekelwa kweShi'a, isibe igunya elibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni emhlabeni weSonto nezomthetho. Amakilasi manje afundiswa ezakhiweni ezakhiwe ezungeze umsikiti, okwenza u-Al-Azhar ngokwakhe aphendule umkhuleko ongaphazanyiswa.
Phakathi nonyaka wokugcina wenkulungwane, u-Al-Azhar uye wabona ukuthuthukiswa, ukulungiswa nokubuyiswa okuningi. Umphumela namuhla yi-tapestry ecebile yezitayela ezahlukene ezibonisana ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo eGibhithe. Imiphakathi eminingi ethintekayo kakhulu emhlabeni ishiye uphawu lwayo emasikini. I-minarets emihlanu ekhona, ngokwesibonelo, yiziqu zama-dynasties ahlukene kuhlanganise namaMamluk Sultanate noMbuso wase-Ottoman.
I-minaret yasekuqaleni isivele, isiphetho esabiwe yiningi lemiklamo yasekuqaleni yama-mosque ngaphandle kwama-arcades kanye neminye yokuhlobisa kwe-stucco enhle. Namuhla, umkhosi wamaSulumane uneminyango engaphansi kweyisithupha. Izivakashi zingena ngeSango likaBarber, okungeziwe ngekhulu leshumi le-18 okuthiwa abafundi babeke bahlonywe ngaphansi kwe-portal yayo.
Isango livula egcekeni elimhlophe lemabula, okuyinto yezingxenye ezindala kunazo zonke zomkhosi wamaSulumane.
Kusuka egcekeni, izintambo ezintathu ze-mosque zibonakala. Lezi zakhiwe ngekhulu le-14, lama-15 le-16 ngokulandelana. Izivakashi zivunyelwe ukungena ehholo lomthandazo eliseduzane, elisekhaya le- mihrab elihle kakhulu, i-niche eyisiyingiyingi eqoshwe odongeni ngalinye lamasokisi ukuze libonise isiqondiso seMecca. Iningi le-mosque livaliwe izivakashi, kufaka phakathi ilabhulali yayo enhle kakhulu, enezindlu eziningi ezivela ekhulwini le-8.
Ulwazi oluwusizo
I-Al-Azhar Mosque itholakala enhliziyweni ye-Islamic Cairo, esifundeni sase-El-Darb El-Ahmar. Ukungena kukhululekile, futhi umkhosi wama-mosque uhlala uvulekile usuku lonke. Kubalulekile ukuhlonipha ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaphakathi emasikeni.
Abesifazane kufanele bagqoke izingubo ezimboza izingalo nemilenze yabo, futhi kudingeka ukuba bagqoke isikhala noma isembozo phezu kwezinwele zabo. Abavakashi bobabili bobulili bazodinga ukususa izicathulo zabo ngaphambi kokungena. Lindela ukusikisela amadoda ahlola izicathulo zakho ekubuyeni kwakho.
NB: Uyacelwa uqaphele ukuthi ulwazi olukulesi sihloko lwalungalungile ngesikhathi sokubhala, kodwa luyakushintsha nganoma isiphi isikhathi.