Ama-Czars ayengamadodana aseRussia; babusa amakhulu eminyaka kuze kufike ngo-1917 Russian Revolution. Laba besilisa nabesifazane babeka uphawu kulesi sifundazwe ngezinguquko nokunqoba, bakhela izikhumbuzo ezibalulekile zokwakha ezisekhona nanamuhla, futhi ziyizifundo ezithakazelisayo ezizifundayo ngokwabo. Imigomo yabo inikeza umongo wokuqonda uRussia wanamuhla.
Igama elithi "czar" lisuselwa egameni lesiLatini elithi "Caesar," elisho umbusi.
Nakuba ulimi lwesiRussia lunamagama enkosi (korol), lesi sihloko sisetshenziselwa amakhosi aseNtshonalanga. Ngakho-ke, "i-czar" inezincazelo ezihlukile kune "inkosi."
Ivan the Terrible
U-Ivan the Terrible wayeyisiqhawe sesikhathi esidlule kanye nomphikisi owawunqoba amaTatars, lawo ayewunqoba i-Europe iminyaka eminingi. Nakuba abanye basebenzisa igama lesihloko ngaphambi kuka-Ivan the Terrible, nguye owokuqala ukukhethwa ngokuthi "uCzar of All Russia." Wabusa kusukela ngo-1533 kuya ku-1584. Okumangalisa kakhulu kunesabekayo, le nkosikazi yizindabakwane ezitshela igunya lakhe nokuvutha.
Izivakashi zaseRussia zibona ubufakazi bokubusa kuka-Ivan the Terrible ku-Red Square nasezindongeni zaseKremlin. Enye yezimpawu zaseRussia, iKathhedral yaseSt. Basil , eyakhiwe ngu-Ivan the Terrible ukukhumbula ukuthunjwa kwakhe kweKazzan neAstrakhan, izifunda ezimbili zaseTatar. Ngaphakathi kwezindonga zaseKremlin, i- Annunciation Cathedral ithwala uphawu luka-Ivan the Terrible: Lesi sonto sasinebhola elikhethekile elongezwe ngokukhethekile ngendodana lapho evinjelwe ukungena ngemuva kokushada nomkakhe wesine.
Boris Godunov
UBoris Godunov waziwa njengenye ye-czars enkulu kakhulu yaseRussia. Akazange ahlonishwe ngokuzalwa, ngakho-ke ukuphakama kwakhe esimweni namandla kuveza izimfanelo zakhe zobuholi kanye nesifiso sakhe sobuciko. U-Godunov wabusa njengo-regent ngemuva kokufa kuka-Ivan The Terrible kusukela ngo-1587 kuya ku-1598 futhi wabe esekhethwa inkosi emuva kokudlula indodana ka-Ivan nendlalifa; wabusa kusukela ngo-1598 kuya ku-1605.
Ifa lomzimba lika-Godunov ukubusa liyabonakala ku- Ivan the Great Bell Tower . Wala ukuba ukuphakama kwawo kwande futhi kungabikho nezinye izakhiwo eMoscow okuzozidlula. U-Godunov akafihlelwa emdlalweni ngu-Alexander Pushkin kanye ne-opera ngu-Modest Mussorgsky.
UPeter Omkhulu
Izinhloso zikaPetru the Great kanye nezinguquko zashintsha inkambo yomlando waseRashiya. Lo mbusi waseRussia, owayengumbusi waseRussia kusukela ngo-1696 kuya ku-1725, wabeka umsebenzi wakhe njengamanje kanye nasentshonalanga yeRussia. Wakha iSt. Petersburg aphuma emanzini asempumalanga, wadala itafula lezinceku zikahulumeni, washintsha ikhalenda yaseRussia, wamisa i-Russia yasolwandle futhi wandisa imingcele yaseRussia.
UMbuso waseRussia awusasekho, kodwa uPetru Omkhulu uhlala. Uma kwakungeyona yePyotr Velikiy, njengoba eyaziwa ngolimi lwesiRussia, idolobha elikhulu laseSt. Petersburg ngeke likhona. I-window "yaseWestern West" yaseRussia yaqokwa yiPeter Omkhulu, futhi isiko nomphakathi wakhuphuka lapho, njengoba nje kwakunenhloko-dolobha yokuqala yaseRussia yaseMoscow.
Izivakashi zaseSt. Petersburg nazo zingabona esinye sezidalwa zikaPetru ezinkulu kakhulu, uPeterhof . Ubuhle balaba bantu basebukhosini noma yikuphi eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Iheha izixuku zezivakashi zonke ihlobo elimangalisa ngamanzi alo asegolide kanye nezithamela ezicebile ngokunethezeka.
Catherine the Great
UCatherine Omkhulu ungomunye wababusi baseRussia abadume kakhulu, kodwa wayengeyona isiRussia nhlobo. Wazalelwa ePrussia, uCatherine washada emindenini yaseRashiya futhi wabamba iqhaza lokugumbuqela umyeni wakhe futhi uthatha ukubusa koMbuso WaseRussia. Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe kusukela ngo-1762 kuya ku-1796, wandisa umbuso futhi wazama ukuqhubeka nokuvuselela iRussia ngakho-ke yayizobonakala njengamandla amakhulu aseYurophu.
UCatherine wahola ukuphila komuntu siqu okuthakazelisayo, futhi idumela lakhe lokuthatha othandweni liyingqayizivele. Izintandokazi zakhe ezikhethiweyo ngezinye izikhathi zenza njengabacebisi bakhe, ngezinye izikhathi njengezingoma zakhe zokudlala. Banikezwa ngokukhululekile ngenxa yokuzihlanganisa nabo futhi baba nodumo ngokwabo.
Esinye sezithombe ezithandwa kakhulu zikaCatherine endaweni yasePetersburge yisithombe sikaBronze Horseman . Lichaza uPeter Omkhulu egibele amahhashi futhi waqala ukukhuluma ngenkondlo ka-Alexander Pushkin yegama elifanayo.
UNicholas II
UNicholas II wayengumbusi wokugcina waseRussia nombusi wokugcina waseRussia. Inhloko yomndeni wakwaRomanov, waba yinkosikazi ngo-1894 futhi waphoqa isihlalo sobukhosi ngo-March 1917 ngaphansi kwengcindezi evela eBolsheviks, eyayinqobe uhulumeni ngo-1917. Yena nomndeni wakubo - umkakhe, amadodakazi amane nendodana yakhe nendlalifa - badluliselwa eJekaterinburg, lapho babulawa khona ngoJulayi 1918.
U-Nicholas II wayaziwa njengombusi obuthakathaka futhi owayekhwela ngesibindi esihlalweni sobukhosi. Ukuxhashazeka okwandayo phakathi kwezikhonzi zakhe ngaphambi kokuboshwa kwakhe kwamenza angathandeki. Umkakhe, u-Alexandra, indodakazi yenkosi yaseJalimane kanye nomzukulu weNdlovukazi yaseBrithani uVictoria, wayengathandeki futhi; wanciphisa kabi eRussia futhi wayebhekene namahemuhemu ukuthi uyinsizi yeJalimane. Lapho uRusputin, ongokoqobo, engena kuNicholas no-Alexandra, lo mbhangqwana wasebukhosini wabhekana nokugxeka.
Ukubulawa kukaNicholas II nomndeni wakhe kwakusho ukuphela kombuso waseRussia. Ngokubambisana ne-Bolshevik Revolution, yaqala inkathi entsha eRussia, amazwe aseduze kanye nezwe.