I-El Zócalo yigama elisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela endaweni enkulu yelidolobha laseMexico. Kukholelwa ukuthi leli gama livela kwi- accotta ye- term term yase-Italy, okusho ukuthi i-plinth noma i-footestal. Ekhulwini le-19, isisekelo sezinyawo sasibekwa phakathi kwesikwele esikhulu saseMexico City esasizoba isisekelo setshe lesikhumbuzo esizogubha ukuzimela kukaMexico. Lesi sithombe asikaze sabekwa futhi abantu baqala ukubhekisela esigcawini ngokwayo njengeZócalo.
Manje emadolobheni amaningi aseMexico, isikwele esikhulu sithiwa i-Zócalo.
Ukuhlelwa kwedolobha laseColonial
Ngo-1573, iNkosi uFilipi II eyabekwa emithethweni yemithetho ye-Indies ukuthi amadolobha amakholomu eMexico nakwamanye amakoloni aseSpain kufanele ahlelwe ngendlela ethile. Babezobekwa eceleni kwephethini yegridi nge-plaza engxenyeni enkabeni ejikelezwe imigwaqo eqondile ehlangene ngakwesokudla. Isonto kwakumelwe libekwe eceleni (ikakhulukazi empumalanga) ye-plaza, futhi isakhiwo sikahulumeni sizokwakhiwa ngakolunye uhlangothi. Izakhiwo ezizungezile le ndawo zizoba nemikhosi yokuvumela abathengisi ukuba bahlele kalula i-shop lapho. I-plaza eyinhloko yenzelwe ukuthi ibe yinhliziyo yenkolo, yezombusazwe, yezomnotho kanye namasiko edolobha.
Iningi lamadolobhana aseMexico elibukoloni libonisa lo mklamo, kodwa kunamanye amazwe, njengamadolobha amaminerali e- Taxco naseGuanajuato, okwakhiwa ezindaweni ezingenakubalwa lapho indawo ehlelwe khona.
Le mizi inemigwaqo enomoya kunemigwaqo eqondile emathini wegridi esivame ukuwabona.
I-Mexico City Zócalo
I- Mexico City Zocalo yiyona yokuqala, emele kakhulu, futhi edume kakhulu. Igama layo elisemthethweni yi- Plaza de la Constitución . Itholakala phezu kwamanxiwa enhloko-dolobha yase-Aztec iTenochtitlan.
Isikwele sakhiwa ngaphakathi kwe-Sacred Precinct yama-Aztec futhi yayiyingxenye yoMeya Wase-Templo, ithempeli eliyinhloko lama-Aztec, elalinikezelwa kunkulunkulu onkulunkulu uHuitzilopochtli (unkulunkulu wempi) noTlaloc (unkulunkulu wemvula). Lalinganiselwe empumalanga nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "izindlu ezintsha" zeMotecuhzoma Xocoyotzin nasentshonalanga yi "Casas Viejas" noma iNdlu yase-Axayácatl. Ngemva kokufika kwamaSpain ngama-1500s, uMeya weTemplo wabhidliza futhi abakhi baseSpain basebenzisa amatshe kuwo kanye nezinye izakhiwo zase-Aztec ukulungisa iPhalamende elisha ngonyaka ka-1524. Izinsalela zethempeli elikhulu lama-Aztec zingabonakala endaweni yaseMeya yaseTemplo indawo yokuvubukula engasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-plaza, ngaphandle kweMexico City Metropolitan Cathedral .
Kuwo wonke umlando walo, i-plaza ihambelane neminyango eminingi. Izitidi, izikhumbuzo, ama-circuses, izimakethe, imizila ye-tram, imithombo neminye imihlobiso efakwe futhi isuswe izikhathi eziningi. Ngo-1956 lesi sikwele sathola ukubonakala kwayo okunamandla: isakhiwo esikhulu esinezingubo eziyi-830 ngamamitha angu-240 ububanzi kanye nefulegi elikhulu phakathi.
Njengamanje, i-Zócalo iron isetshenziselwa indawo yokuboniswa kwemibhikisho, imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa efana ne-ice rink ngesikhathi sonyaka kaKhisimusi, amakhonsathi, imibukiso nezincwadi zokubhuka noma njengeqoqo elikhulu ukubiza ukusekelwa kwabaseMexico uma kwenzeka izinhlekelele zemvelo .
Umkhosi wonyaka " Grito " uqhutshwa eZócalo unyaka ngamunye ukugubha usuku lwe-Independence yaseMexico ngo-15 kuSepthemba. Lesi sikhala siyindawo yokuhamba futhi ngezinye izikhathi imibhikisho.
Uma ufuna ukuthola umbono omuhle waseMexico City Zócalo, kunezindawo zokudla ezimbalwa nezindawo zokudlela ezihlinzeka ngombono we-panoramic njenge-restaurant yeGran Hotel Ciudad de México, noma ye-Best Western Hotel Majestic. I-Balcón del Zócalo inikeza imibono emihle futhi itholakala ku-Hotel Zócalo Central.
Ama-zócalos eminye imizi ingaba nemithi kanye ne-bandstand phakathi nendawo efana ne-Oaxaca City Zócalo ne -Plaza de Armas , noma umthombo weGuadalajara , njengasePuebla 's Zócalo . Bavame ukuba nemigoqo namakholomu ezindaweni ezizungezile, ngakho-ke bayindawo enhle yokuthatha ikhefu kusuka ekubukeni futhi bajabulele abantu abathile bebukele.
Ngaliphi elinye igama ...
Igama elithi Zócalo livamile, kodwa amanye amadolobha aseMexico asebenzisa amanye amagama ukubhekisela kwisikwele sabo esikhulu. E-San Miguel de Allende, isikwele esiyinhloko ngokuvamile sibizwa ngokuthi i- El Jardín naseMérida okuthiwa iLa Plaza Grande . Uma ungabaza ungacela "i-plaza oyinhloko" noma "i-playa mayor" futhi wonke umuntu uzokwazi ukuthi ukhuluma ngani.