I-Zika ye-once-sleepy elala, eyaqala ukutholwa ngo-1947, isanda kuqhuma eNtshonalanga Yezwe. Igciwane elibhekene nomswakama limbalwa uma kukhona izimpawu kubantu abaningi, kodwa abesifazane abakhulelwe akufanele bahambe baye emazweni abathintekayo yigciwane.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ayikho ukwelashwa okuqondile noma umuthi wokugoma weZika, ohlobene nokudaya .
Uhambo oluya eZika Iziqhumane
Ngokusho kwe-US Centers for Disease Control (CDC), i-Zika virus manje emazweni angaphezu kwekhulu.
Okuqala njengokuqhamuka kweCaribbean naseCentral naseNingizimu Melika manje sekukhona nase-Afrika, e-Asia, eNingizimu Melika naseMexico.
Ingozi yeZika e-United States
E-United States, amacala kaZika abike eFlorida naseTexas. Abantu abambalwa baseMelika e-United States baye bathola ukuthi baneZika ngemuva kokuhamba ezindaweni eziqhamukayo. Cishe konke kwakuyizimo lapho umhambi ebuyela khona evela ezweni eliphethwe yiZika.
Ezingxenyeni eziningi, igciwane lidluliselwa ngokulunywa ngamangqamuzana. Njengoba uhlobo lwezinyosi ezithwala uZika kuthanda imfudumalo nemfudumalo, izikhulu zezempilo ezisezweni eliseningizimu zikhathazeka ukuthi ukuqhuma okuncane kungenzeka njengoba isimo sezulu sihamba.
Izimpawu Zika kanye Nokuphila Kwempilo
Ngokusho kweWorld Health Organization, abantu abangamaphesenti angu-80 abantu abathola lesi sifo bazobhekana nezimpawu ezimbalwa noma ezingekho. Labo abagulayo banamathemba amancane, kuhlanganise nomkhuhlane ophansi, ukuqhuma, ubuhlungu obuhlanganyelwe, ikhanda lokukhwabanisa neso pink.
I-Zika igugu eliphila isikhathi esifushane elingenayo imiphumela ehlala njalo. Kungathatha noma kuphi ezinsukwini ezimbili ukuya kwezingu-12 ukuze izimpawu zivele, uma zivela nhlobo. Uma kunesiphambano sokutheleleka ngeZika, kuqinisekiswa ukuthi ngeke kuphinde kwenzeke futhi.
"Ngesinye isikhathi ohlelweni lwakho, igciwane empeleni lihlanza igazi lakho ngemva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa.
Abantu abathintekayo ngaphambili bahlakulela ingculazi ukuze bangakwazi ukutheleleka futhi, "kusho uDkt. Christina Leonard Fahlsing, isazi sesifo esithathelwanayo ku-Spectrum Health, isimiso sezempilo esingenzi inzuzo eMichigan.
Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabesifazane abakhuthele besengozini
Abaningi abasengozini babesifazane abakhulelwe, ikakhulukazi labo ezinyangeni zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Abantu abaningi abane-Zika ngeke babe nezimpawu noma bazobe nezimpawu ezincane. Kodwa-ke, owesifazane okhulelwe, ngisho noyedwa ongenazo izimpawu, angadlula uZika emntwaneni wakhe okhulayo. Igciwane liye lahlanganiswa nokugxuma okubukhali ekuzalweni kwezinsana ezinamakhanda amancane angavamile.
I-CDC okwamanje iphakamisa abesifazane kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokukhulelwa ihlehlisa konke ukuhamba ezindaweni ezithintekile yiZika.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane abenza ucansi kufanele baqaphele ukuvikela ucansi ngokusebenzisa amakhondomu okuqala okungenani ngesonto ngaphambi kokuya ezweni elibhekene neZika futhi baqhubeke okungenani ngesonto emuva kokubuyela ekhaya, kubonisa uDkt Fahlsing. Lokhu kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi noma yikuphi ukutheleleka okungahle kwenzeke kuye kwasula igazi ngemuva kokuya ezweni lapho iZika ivame khona.
I-CDC incoma ukuthi abesifazane abathintekayo yiZika kufanele baqede amasonto ayisishiyagalombili ngaphambi kokuba babe nobulili obuvikelekile futhi amadoda kufanele aphume amasonto ayisithupha kusukela ocansini olungalondekile.
Izinyathelo Zokusiza Ukuvimbela Ukukhanyela I-Virus Zika
Uma uhambela esifundeni lapho igciwane leZika lisebenza khona, qiniseka ukuthatha lezi zinyathelo:
- Hlala endaweni yokuhlala nge-air conditioning kanye nezikrini
- Sebenzisa umuthi omiyane
- Gqoka iziqongo ezinomsolo omude namabhulukwe amade
- Gqoka izingubo zokuphatha i-permethrin
- Gwema amanzi amile lapho u-mosquito ungazala futhi wande
Ukuhamba Umshwalense noZika
Ngenxa yokukhathazeka kwezempilo, izindiza eziningana zase-US (ezihlanganisa i-American, United, ne-Delta) zivumela amakhasimende athile ukuba akhansele noma ahlehlise ukuhamba kwawo uma athengiselwa ukuhamba ngezindawo ezithintekile.
Iningi lezinhlelo zomshuwalense zilapha igciwane leZika njenganoma yisiphi esinye isifo emigomo nemibandela yepulani, ngokusho kukaStan Sandberg, umqambisene we-Travelinsurance.com. Isibonelo, uma umhambi ehamba ngegciwane ngenkathi ehamba, ngaphansi kwamapulani amaningi azobe ehlanganiswa nezidingo eziphuthumayo zokwelashwa, ukuphulukiswa kwezokwelapha kanye nokuphazamiseka kohambo.
- Okungenani abahlinzeki bomshuwalense ababili, u-Roam Right kanye ne-APRIL Travel Protection, isixwayiso se-CDC asithinti ukutholakala komshuwalense wokuhamba. Abagibeli bangakwazi ukuthenga izinhlelo zomshuwalense wokuhamba ukuze bahambe emazweni afakwe kusixwayiso se-CDC.
- Abekho abahlinzeki bomshuwalense wokuhamba babheka ukuthi i-CDC isixwayisa isizathu sokukhansela uhambo oluya ezweni elichithekile. Abahambi abafuna ukhetho lokukhansela kufanele bathenge izinhlelo ngeKhokhelo yeNoma iyiphi isizathu (CFAR).
Izindawo lapho iZika engekho khona isikhathi eside
Kukhona ezinye iziqhingi lapho uZika atholakale ngaphambilini kodwa ososayensi banqume ukuthi igciwane alisekho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bonke abahambi, kuhlanganise nabesifazane abakhulelwe, bangavakashela lezi zindawo ngaphandle kwengozi eyaziwayo yokuthola iZika emanzini. Uma i-Zika ibuyela ezweni noma insimu kulolu hlu, i-CDC izoyisusa ohlwini nokuthunyelwe kolwazi olubuyekeziwe.
Kusukela ngoNovemba 2017, lolu hlu lweziqhingi luhlanganisa i-American Samoa, iCayman Islands, i-Cook Islands, i-Guadeloupe, i-French Polynesia, i-Martinique, i-Caledonia entsha, iSt. Barts neVanuatu.