Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi ungaba yisisulu kulezi zindawo
Esihlokweni esandulele, sibheke inani lobugebengu olwenzeka phakathi kwezizwe emhlabeni jikelele. Yize kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa ubufakazi bokuthi ufune indawo eyodwa kuyingozi ngaphezu komunye, izibalo zingasiza abahambi ukuthi banqume ukuthi yiziphi izizwe ezinamacala aphezulu obugebengu ngaphambi kokuhamba.
Unyaka nonyaka, iHhovisi leZizwe Ezihlangene leDrug and Crime (UNDOC) liqoqa izibalo ezivela emazweni alungu ukuze ziqonde kangcono amaphethini obugebengu bomhlaba wonke.
Yize kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isethi yedatha sinciphile ngezindlela eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukubika ifilosofi kanye nabantu abaphikisanayo, ukubika kunika abahambi ukubukeka okubanzi emaphethweni obugebengu obubanzi emhlabeni jikelele.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhambo lithatha abahambi, ukuvimbela ngaphambi kokufika kubalulekile ukuba nesipiliyoni esihle. Ngaphambi kokuba abavakashi baphume ukuyobona umhlaba, qiniseka ukuthi uqonda ingozi yokuba yisisulu sobugebengu. Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-UNODC, lezi zizwe zinezibalo eziningi kakhulu zobugebengu ngabantu.
Amazwe anobungozi bokuhlaselwa kwabantu emhlabeni wonke
Ekuqoqeni izibalo zabo zonyaka, i-UNODC ichaza ukuhlasela njengokunye "... ukuhlaselwa ngokomzimba emzimbeni womunye umuntu okubangelwa ukulimala komzimba okungathí sina, kungabandakanyi ukuhlukunyezwa okungcolile / ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, ukusongelwa nokushaya ibhande / ukushaya." Kodwa-ke, ukuhlaselwa okuqeda ukubulala akukhipha kulo mbiko.
Amazwe anesilinganiso esikhulu kakhulu sokuhlaselwa kwabantu abatholakali eNingizimu Melika : Ecuador inezimo eziningi zokuhlaselwa kwabantu ngo-2013, ezingaphezu kuka-1 000 zokuhlaselwa kwabantu abayi-100 000 esizweni. I-Argentina, enye indawo eyaziwayo, yafika yesibili, cishe cishe abangu-840 ihlasela minyaka yonke abantu abayi-100,000.
ISlovakia, iJapane, nesiqhingi esiya eSt. Kitts naseNevvis nayo ibike kakhulu ukuhlaselwa, isizwe ngasinye sibika ukuhlaselwa kuka-600 kubantu abayi-100 000 ngo-2013.
Amazwe awingozi ngokuthumba abantu ngabanye emhlabeni
I-UNODC ibheka ukuthumba njenge "... ngokungalawuleki ukubopha umuntu noma abantu ngokumelene nentando yabo," ngenhloso yokuqoqa isihlengo noma ukuphoqa umuntu othunjiwe ukuba enze okuthile. Noma kunjalo, izingxabano ezinganeni eziwela imingcele yamazwe angaphandle azicatshangwa ngezibalo zokuthumba.
Ngo-2013, iLebanon ibike izimo eziningi zokuthumba, kubika ukuthunjwa kuka-30 kubantu abayi-100,000. IBelgium nayo ibike inani eliphezulu lokuthunjwa okubikwe, nokuthunjwa okungu-10 kubantu abayi-100 000. I-Cabo Verde, iPanama, neNdiya nayo yayinezinombolo eziphezulu zokuthunjwa, isizwe ngasinye sibika ukuthunjwa kuka-5 kubantu abayi-100,000.
Kubalulekile ukukhombisa ukuthi iCanada iphinde yabika inombolo ephezulu yokuthunjwa Kwabantu Bonke, ngokuthunjwa kuka-9 kwabangu-100,000. Kodwa-ke, i-UNODC iphawula ukuthi izibalo zaseCanada zihlanganisa kokuthunjwa kwendabuko nokuthunjwa okuphoqelelwe, okubhekwa njengecala lobugebengu obuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, yize noma iCanada ibika inombolo ephezulu yokuthunjwa minyaka yonke, idatha ihlanganisa izibalo ezingeziwe hhayi ngaphakathi kwencazelo yendabuko yokuthumba.
Amazwe anobungozi ukweba nokuphanga kwabantu ngabanye emhlabeni
Umbiko we-UNODC uchaza ukweba nokuphanga njengezobugebengu ezimbili ezihlukene. Ubusela buchazwa ngokuthi "... ukulahla umuntu noma inhlangano yomhlaba ngaphandle kokuphoqa ngenhloso yokuyigcina," ngenkathi ukuphanga kuhlanganisa "ukwebiwa kwempahla kumuntu, ukunqoba ukumelana ngamandla noma ukusongelwa kwamandla." Ngokwenza njalo, "ukuphanga" kungaba ukugqekeza noma ukukhwabanisa isikhwama, kuyilapho ukukhethwa kwesikhwama kungathiwa "ukweba." Ukweba okukhulu, njengezimoto, akufakiwe kulezi zibalo. Ngenxa yokuthi i-UNODC ibheka lezi zigebengu ezimbili ezihlukene, sizocubungula izimo zabantu ngokuhlukana.
Amazwe aseYurophu aseSweden, eNetherlands naseDenmark ngamunye abike inani eliphezulu lobuqhenyo ngabantu ngo-2013, isizwe ngasinye sibika ukweba ngaphezu kuka-3 000 abantu abayi-100,000.
ENorway, eNgilandi naseWales, eJalimane naseFinland futhi ibike inani eliphezulu lobugebengu abantu abahlala kulo, isizwe ngasinye sibheka ukweba okungaphezu kuka-2 100 kubantu abayi-100 000 ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Ngokuphathelene nokuphanga, iBelgium yabika inani eliphakeme kakhulu lombiko wabantu, kwathiwa yizigebengu ezingu-1,616 ngonyaka ngamunye ngo-2013. I-Costa Rica ibike inombolo yesibili ephakeme, kanti ukuphanga kuka-984 kubantu abayi-100 000. UMexico ube ngowesine, kubika cishe ukuphanga okungu-596 kubantu abayi-100 000 ngo-2013.
Amazwe abungozi ngenxa yobudlova ngokocansi inani labantu emhlabeni wonke
I-UNODC ichaza ubudlova bezocansi ngokuthi "ukudlwengula, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi ngokumelene nezingane." Ukubikwa yiZizwe Ezihlangene kuqhubeka nokuhlaziya izibalo zokubika ngokudlwengula, kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kwezingane njengedatha ehlukile.
Ngo-2013, isiqhingi esiya eSt. Vincent naseGrenadines sabika ukuthi udlame lwezocansi kunabo bonke, kanti kunemibiko engaphezulu kuka-209 kubantu abayi-100,000. I-Sweden, i-Maldives ne-Costa Rica nayo ibike ukuthi ubugebengu bobulili bukhulu, kanti isizwe ngasinye sibika amacala angaphezu kuka-100 kubantu abayi-100,000. I-India, eyabika amacala aphelele kunazo zonke zobudlova ngokocansi , yayinemibiko engu-9.3 kubantu abangu-100,000 - ephansi kuneCanada nezinhlanga eziningana zaseYurophu.
Lapho kuphela ukudlwengulwa, iSweden ibike amacala amaningi kubantu abaningi, ngamacala angu-58.9 kwabangu-100 000 izakhamizi ngo-2013. I-England ne-Wales bafika okwesibili, ngamacala angama-36.4 kubantu abayi-100 000, neCosta Rica ifika ngamacala amathathu okudlwengula angu-100 000 ngesikhathi esifanayo. I-India, eyabika amacala angu-33 000 okudlwengula ngo-2013, inamacala angu-2.7 kubantu abangu-100 000 - ngaphansi kwe-United States, enezigidi ezingu-24,9 ezingamaphesenti angu-100 000.
Ngesikhathi sithemba ukuthi abahambahambayo abaze babe yisisulu sobugebengu, ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokuvakashela indawo ongayi khona kungenza uqiniseke ukuthi uhlala uphephile njengoba uhamba. Ngokugcina lezi zibalo engqondweni, abahambi bangenza isiqiniseko ukuthi bayazi izingozi ngaphambi kokuba bavakashele ukufika kwabo okuhlosiwe.