Ngaphambi kokuba abaseSpain baseKoloni bavimbele izenzakalo zemikhosi ezenzekayo ku-Winter Solstice ngamunye eCuzco , izakhamuzi zakhamuzi zahlangana ukuze zihloniphe iS Sun, zihlabele isilwane ukuqinisekisa izitshalo ezinhle, futhi zikhothamele i-Inca, njengeNdodana yokuzalwa ye-Sun.
Iziqalo zomkhosi
Imikhosi yenzeke ngesikhathi solstice ebusika lapho ilanga lide kakhulu nomhlaba. Eyesaba ukungabi khona kwelanga nendlala eqhubekayo, i-Incas yasendulo yabuthana eCuzco ukuze idumise uSanga uNkulunkulu futhi icele ukuba ibuyele.
Abagubhi bazila ukudla izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi komcimbi, behluleka ukuzijabulisa eziphathekayo futhi banikeze izipho ku-Inca, okwakuzobe befaka isidlo esikhulu sezinyama, isinkwa samabele, i-chin, netika ye-coca njengoba bekulungele ukunikela nge-llamas ukuqinisekisa izitshalo ezinhle amasimu avundile.
Ngo-1572, uViceroy Toledo wayevimbela imikhosi yase-Inti Raymi njengamaqaba futhi ephikisana nenkolo yamaKatolika. Ukulandela umyalo, imikhosi yayihamba ngaphansi komhlaba.
Umkhosi Namuhla
Namuhla, ngumkhosi wesibili ngobukhulu eNingizimu Melika . Amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu aguquka eCuzco evela kwezinye izingxenye zaleso sizwe, eNingizimu Melika, kanye nezwe lokugubha isonto lonke elibonisa ukuqala konyaka omusha, i-Inti Raymi, uMkhosi we-Sun.
Nsuku zonke kunezigameko zalo, ukuchazwa kwesikhashana, izinkundla zemigwaqo, nokugaya abantu nokudansa ezitaladini. Ebusuku, umculo ophilayo ovela kumaqembu omculo asePeruvia ahambela izixuku ku-Plaza de Armas ngamakhonsathi wamahhala.
Phakathi nonyaka owandulele, ekulungiseleleni i-Inti Raymi, amakhulu amakhulu abadlali abakhethwa ukuba abamele izibalo zomlando. Ukukhethwa ukuveza ukuthi uSapa Inca noma umkakhe, uMama Occla, uyilungelo elikhulu.
Imikhosi ka-24 kaJuni
I-centralpiece yomkhosi yizinsuku zonke zokugubha ngoJuni 24, usuku lwangempela lwe-Inti Raymi.
Kulolu suku, izenzakalo zemikhosi ziqala ngokuncenga yiSapa Inca eQorikancha, futhi iphepheni iKoricancha (efanekiselwe) isiteji phambi kwesonto laseSanto Domingo, elakhiwe phezu kwethempeli lasendulo leSanga. Lapha, i-Sapa Inca ibiza izibusiso ezivela elangeni. Ukulandela i-oration, i-Sapa Inca iqhutshwa esihlalweni sobukhosi segolide, isiqalo sokuqala esilinganisa ama-kilo angama-60, esendleleni eya enqabeni yasendulo ye-Sacsayhuamán emagqumeni angaphezulu kweCuzco. I-Sapa Inca ifika abapristi abakhulu, begqoke izingubo zokugqoka, bese kuthi izikhulu zenkantolo, izicukuthwane nabanye, zithathwa ngokweqile ngokuvumelana nesigaba sabo, ngegolide nesihlobiso segolide.
Bahamba emigwaqeni elinezimbali, emculweni nasemithandazweni nasekudansa. Abesifazane bachitha imigwaqo ukuze bawaxoshe imimoya emibi. E-Sacsayhuamán, lapho izixuku ezinkulu zilindele ukufika komkhumbi, iSapa Inca ikhuphukela e-altare elingcwele lapho bonke bengambona khona.
Uma bonke abagubhi bekhona endaweni ephakeme yendawo enqabeni, kunezinkulumo zikaSapa Inca, abapristi kanye nabameleli be-Suyos: iNyoka yezwe elingezansi, i-Puma yokuphila emhlabeni, neCondor ye-upper izwe lonkulunkulu.
I-llama emhlophe inikelwa (manje isenzo sokwethenjelwa kakhulu) futhi umpristi ophakeme ubamba inhliziyo egazini ngokuhlonipha iPhamhamama.
Lokhu kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuzala komhlaba okuhambisana nokukhanya nokushisa okuvela elangeni kunikeza isivuno esikhulu. Abapristi bafunda amabala egazi ukuze babone ikusasa le-Inca.
Njengoba ilanga liqala ukusetha, ama-stack of straw asetshenziswe ngomlilo futhi abagubhayo bawadonsela nxazonke ukuze bahloniphe iTawantinsuty noma uMbuso Wezinkomba Zomoya Ezinine. Ezikhathini zasendulo, akukho mlilo owavunyelwa ngalolo suku kuze kufike emlilweni webusuku.
Umkhosi ka-Inti Raymi uphela ngomkhankaso wokubuyela eCuzco. I-Sapa Inca noMama Occla bathathwa ezihlalweni zabo zobukhosi, abapristi abakhulu kanye nabamele iSupas babike izibusiso kubantu. Kwaphinda futhi, unyaka omusha usuqalile.
UJuni 24 ugujwa futhi kulo lonke elasePeru njengeSuku LamaNdiya noma uSuku Lwabalimi.
Izinto Okuzokwazi
I-Inti Raymi ingumcimbi wezinsuku zonke, okungenani amahora amahlanu asetshenziswe eSasshuhuan.
Ukungena enqabeni kuyinto yamahhala, futhi izihlalo eziqashisayo zitholakala emadokodeni azungeze isikwele esikhulu. Kukhona nabathengisi bokudla nokuphuza. Awekho imigwaqo yokuqapha emanxiweni kanye nonyaka abantu balimala ekuwa. Uma ufuna isihlalo esilondoloziwe, ziyatholakala ngamathikithi athengwe kusengaphambili.
Ukuhlala kukhishwe kusengaphambili isonto lomkhosi. Amahhotela nezindawo zokudlela zenza ibhizinisi elikhulayo. Ngenkathi ukhona, kungase kube nzima ukuthola umbono ongabonakali wendlela yokwakha ye-Inca usebenzisa amatshe futhi ungenawo udoti, kodwa uthenge ithikithi levakashele elivumelekile izinsuku eziyishumi futhi likufaka ezindaweni eziyishumi nane ezibalulekile eCusco.
Kubuyekezwe ngu-Ayngelina Brogan