Indlela Yokuqonda Izakhiwo Zokuqala E-UK
IBrithani igcwele umuntu ongaqondakali owenza izakhiwo ezineminyaka eyizinkulungwane ubudala, ngayinye enegama layo elikhethekile.
Amabhuku aqondiswayo asiholela kuma dolmens, ama-brochs, i-cromlechi, i-menhirs njengokungathi wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi zingubani. Kodwa yiziphi lezi zinto noma kunjalo? Yini esikwaziyo ngabo? Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ungayitshela kanjani ukuthi ubheka ini uma ubona owodwa?
Leli glosaridi yama-alfabhethi yemigomo esetshenziselwa izikhumbuzo zangaphambi kweBrithani kufanele ikusize uqonde ezinye zalezi zimfihlakalo.
I-Barrow
Wakhula umhlaba futhi wamatshe phezu kwetshe noma iqembu lamathuna. Futhi ibizwa ngokuthi i-mound noma i-tumulus.
Bhula
Isakhiwo se-Iron Age, esitholakala enyakatho nasentshonalanga eScotland. Liyimbhoshongo enkulu, eyindilinga eyakhiwe ngezindonga zamatshe zesikhumba ezinomabili, ezinomile. Lezi zindonga ezimbili ziphakathi komunye, zinekhala phakathi kwazo futhi ziboshwe ndawonye ngamaphuzu ahlukahlukene. Lesi sici sasho ukuthi imibhoshongo ingakhuphuka ibe ngaphezu kwamamitha angaphezu kwangu-40. Bake bacatshangwa ukuthi bayokuvikela kodwa kuneziningi kakhulu ukuthi abavubukuli manje bacabanga ukuthi banenjongo ehlukile. Bakhombisa ukuthi babemane nje bezitatimende zobunikazi noma ukuba khona ezweni okuhloswe ngalo ukujabulisa abangaphandle. Okungenani ama-50 atholakale e-Orkney nakuba kuphela ambalwa atholakala. Bheka i-Broch of Gurness .
I-Byre
Igama laseBrithani lokuthola izinkomo. Izindlela zokuqala zangaphambili ziyobe zivikele ezinye izifuyo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ziyizinhlamvu.
Cairn
Eyisisekelo sayo, i-cairn ilungiselelo lamatshe amakhulu abekwe yisikhumbuzo, umaka noma isixwayiso.
EBrithani, i-ring cairn iyisayithi lesikhungo seBronze Age - isiyingi esikhulu samatshe, esitholakala ikakhulu eNyakatho-ntshonalanga yaseNgilandi, mhlawumbe ngamamitha angu-50 noma angu-60 ububanzi. Ukucwaninga kutholakale ubufakazi bomlilo nokungcwatshwa kwabantu ngaphakathi kwalokhu. I-curb cairns, ejwayelekile phakathi kwe-Wales, iyingxenyana encane eyisiyingi, ijikelezwe ngendwangu yamatshe aphezulu kunesiqongo.
Umzila wendlela
Izizathu zokuqala zangaphambili kwakuyizindlela ze-Iron Age ezweni lonke. Babebekwe ngamapulangwe nge-pilings ukuze banikeze izinyawo eziqinile. I-Fiskerton Causeway eWitham Valley yaseLincolnshire yenziwa cishe ngo-600 BC
I-Chambered Tomb
Izindawo zokungcwaba zifinyeleleke ngenye indlela ye-portal futhi zihlukaniswe emakamelweni owodwa noma ngaphezulu kubantu, njenge-mausoleum yanamuhla, ephakamisa isimo sezinga eliphezulu lokungcwaba. Amathuna amancane angaxhunyiwe afana namagundane endaweni. Abanye abavubukuli manje bacabanga ukuthi amathuna amakhulu amakhulu ayenze umsebenzi wokukhulekela njengamasonto angamanje.
I-Cist
Ifomu lokuqala elithi "ibhokisi" lokungcwaba ebhokisini noma ebhokisini lamatshe. Bheka i-Bronze Age cist yokungcwatshwa.
Clapper Bridge
Amabhuloho akhiwa ngamatshe amakhulu amatshe asekelwe ngamatshe owomile awakhiwe ngamatshe. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwawo okunzima, kungenzeka ukuthi wakhiwe ukuze avumele amahhashi ephakethe ukuba awele imifudlana encane. Amabhuloho e-Clapper akhona e-Dartmoor nase-Exmoor nase-Snowdonia e-Wales. Olunye usuku kusukela eminyakeni ephakathi futhi abaningi basesetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile ezindleleni zokuhamba.
I-Crannog
Isiqhingi esincane sokufakelwa, indawo yesiphephelo sangaphambili noma indlu futhi sitholakala emachibi naseziqhingini zaseScotland nase-Ireland. Ngasentshonalanga yeScotland, ama-crannogs anesisekelo setshe futhi avame ukugcwele izitshalo ngoba izilwane azidli phezu kwazo.
Kwamanye amazwe izindawo zokuqothulwa zakhiwa ngamapulangwe enkuni. Bheka isithombe se-crannog ku-Loch Awe.
I-Cromlech
Igama elisetshenziswe eWales ukuchazela ithuneni eliphakathi kwamatshe noma ukungena kwethuneni elingaphakathi. Kufana ne-dolmen (bheka ngezansi).
I-Dolmen
Ilitje elikhulu elitjheji elisekelwe ngamatje ahlotshisweko njengendlela yokungena. I-Dolmens yizinsalela zamathuna ase-Stone Age ngemuva kokuthi izigundane (noma tumuli) ezihlotshaniswe nazo ziye zaphela. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ama-dolmens ayengama-portal kuphela.
Henge
I-circular or oval earthwork enebhange elakhiwe kanye nomgodla ngaphakathi ebhange elisetshenziselwa imikhosi noma ukubala isikhathi nonyaka. Igama elithi henge livela ku- Stonehenge , isibonelo esidume kakhulu. Igama layo livela e-Anglo Saxon ngokulenga noma itshe elinamatshe. Kuningi okwenziwa ukulungiswa kwelanga, noma inyanga, ngokulungiselelwa okuhlukahlukene kwe-henge.
E- Summer Solstice , izixuku zabantu zifika e-Stonehenge ukugubha ubusuku obufushane kakhulu bonyaka. Kodwa, empeleni, inhloso yalezi zilungiso zisengumuntu, ukuqagela kakhulu kunoma ubani.
Hill Fort
Imithombo yomhlaba emikhulu, kusukela e-Iron Age noma ngaphambili, enemithambeka emifula kanye nezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zemigwaqo. Yize ngokusobala zivikelekile, ngokuvamile zakhiwe endaweni ephakeme kakhulu endaweni, izinqaba zezintaba zase Iron Iron nazo zisekela izindawo ezincane zamakhaya nabasebenzi. Inqaba yaseMaiden eDorset nase-Old Sarum, eduze ne-Stonehenge, zombili izibonelo zezintaba zamagquma.
Menhir
Ilitshe elikhulu lokuma, ngezinye izikhathi eliqoshwe ubuciko be-Stone Age nemifanekiso. I-Menhirs ingaba ngamatshe angama-single, njenge-Rudston Monolith enkulu e-Yorkshire Wolds. Ngamamitha angama-26 ubude, le menhir, e-All Saint 'esontweni eRudston, iyitshe elide kunazo zonke eBrithani futhi lakhiwa cishe ngo-1600 BC Amanye ama-mehir angase abe ngamaqembu noma ngisho nemibuthano yamatshe. Amatshe Emile Okuqina yiqembu lama-menhirs.
I-Passage Tomb
Njengoba kufana namathuna angaphakathi, amathuna angenawo angaphakathi, ahlanganiswe ngamatshe futhi aphahleni ngamalintshi angamatshe, okuholela ekamelweni langaphakathi, emgumbini. I-Maeshowe e-Orkney iyimangcwaba ephawulekayo engcwabeni ngaphansi kwegundane elikhulu leyindilinga. I-Orkney inezinqwaba eziningi ezifanayo, okwamanje ezingaxhunyiwe.
Wheelhouse
Indawo yokuhlala yase-Westernhouse etholakala eNtshonalanga YaseScotland. Isondo elingaphambi kwezinto zangaphambili liphethe izindonga zangaphandle zamatshe nezinsimbi zamatshe, ezihlelwe njengezikhulumi zamasondo, amacilongo amatshe asekela kanye nophahla lwamatshe.