I-Zika iyesabeka, kodwa ihamba ngokuqhathaniswa nalezi ezinye izifo.
UZika akuyona ihlaya. Isixhumanisi saso ezifweni zokuzalwa ezifana ne-microcephaly ngokwanele ukunikeza noma ubani ukuyeka isikhashana-ikakhulukazi abesifazane abakhulelwe. Futhi ngaphandle kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo futhi akukho mgomo okhona okwamanje, kungokwemvelo ukuba abahambi bacabangele izinhlelo zeholidini ezindaweni ezibeka engozini njengeCaribbean ngisho nezingxenye zeMiami.
Izindaba ezinhle? Esikhundleni sezifo zomzimba zabantu, iZika inomusa. Iningi labantu abaneZika abanalo izimpawu nhlobo, nalabo abavame ukuzwa umkhuhlane omncane, ukuqhuma noma ubuhlungu obuhlangene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma usulelekile, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi cishe ngeke uluthole futhi.
Izindaba ezimbi: Eziningi zezifo ezindala nezincane kakhulu aziwayo zingabangela ukulimala kwabahambi (cabanga: ukuphuma kwamehlo akho, ukuqhuma emlonyeni). Nakhu ukuthi uzivikele kanjani eholidini lakho elizayo.
01 ngo-07
I-Feengue Fever
Amangqamuzana afanayo adlulisa igciwane leZika adlulisele umkhuhlane we-dengue. Okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-breakbone fever," i-dengue ingabangela ezinye izimpawu ezinhle kakhulu ezinobuhlungu obukhulu bomzimba nobuhlungu obuhlangene, umkhuhlane omkhulu kanye nesicashu. Ngengxenye engalindelekile, lesi sifo singase senyuke sibe yi-Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, okungabangela igazi ukuba lizibambe emehlweni akho.
Okwenza ukuthi i-dengue iyethusa, noma kunjalo, akuyona nje indlela yayo yokubangela izimpawu ezibuhlungu. Kungenye yezinye izifo ezishisayo ezanda ngokushesha emhlabeni.
Ukusebenzisa igama elithi "ezishisayo" kungenzeka empeleni libe yinto encane. Amacala e-dengue ayethengiswa kuphela kunamanye amazwe amancane e-equator. Manje, igciwane litholakala emazweni angaphezu kwekhulu emhlabeni wonke, futhi amacala abike ngisho naseFrance, eCroatia naseHawaii. Cishe ingxenye yengxenye yomhlaba isengozini yegciwane, futhi izigidi zabantu zithathelwana ngculaza unyaka ngamunye.
Njengamanje, ayikho ukwelashwa kwe-dengue, futhi akukho mgomo otholakala abahambi baseMelika. Kodwa unganciphisa ingozi ye-dengue ngokugqoka amabhulukwe amade kanye nemikhono futhi usebenzise izinambuzane zokuvikela izinambuzane ukuze ugweme izinyosi, ikakhulukazi emini.
02 ngo-07
AmaRabi
Izifo ezimbalwa ziyesabeka-noma zibulalayo-njengezidakamizwa.
Ukuboniswa kwegciwane leHollywood ngokuvamile kuvame izinja ezihlukumezayo emlonyeni. Kubantu, lesi sifo singabonakala sihluke kakhulu. Imiphumela kanye nezimpawu ze-rabies ziyahlukahluka, kuye ngokuthi umuntu unesandulela-kanjani igciwane lingabangela ukungabi nokukhubazeka kwabanye abantu nokukhubazeka kwabanye-kodwa isibonakaliso sokuthi i-hydrophobia noma ukwesaba kwamanzi. Futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezibonakalayo, umphumela wokuphela cishe uvame ukubulala.
Lesi sifo esibulalayo kakhulu emhlabeni ngokusho kwesilinganiso sokusinda, yingakho uma kukhona ithuba lokuthi ngabe uke wavezwa, ukunakekelwa okusheshayo okubalulekile kuyadingeka. Ngezinye izikhathi umuntu angenwa igciwane izinyanga noma ngisho nonyaka ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zibonakale, futhi okwamanje asikho indlela yokwazi ukuthi unesifo sengculazi kuze kube yilapho izimpawu ziqala. Ngaleso sikhathi, noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi sekwephuzile kakhulu. Kuphela ngabantu abambalwa abaye baziwa ukuthi bazosinda kulesi sigameko ngemuva kokuba izimpawu zibonakala.
AmaRabi atholakale kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica, nakuba iningi lamacala afika e-Afrika nase-Asia, futhi ngokuvamile isakazwa ngokusebenzisa izinja. Uma wazi ukuthi uzothatha isikhathi esiningi ngaphandle noma ezindaweni zasemaphandleni lapho inja yokukhala ingase ivele khona, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthola igciwane. Ukuthola igciwane ngeke kuvimbele ngokuphelele i-rabies, kodwa kungenza kube lula ukuphatha uma uvezwe ngenkathi uhamba.
03 ka-07
I-Gonorrhea Yokulwa Namagciwane
Isiphi isifo esinesidlaliso esithi "I-Clap" isabeka kuneZika? Uma ivumelanisa ukulwa nazo zonke izinhlobo zokwelapha.
I-gonorrhea yayijwayele ukuphathwa kahle. Kodwa eminyakeni yamuva, ibhethri esithathelwana ngocansi iye yaba umelana cishe nawo wonke uhlobo lwezokwelapha, kanti imibiko manje isiqala ukuvela emhlabeni jikelele - Yurophu YaseYurophu, e-China, eJapane, e-Australia - yamacala aphikisana nomgomo wokugcina wokuzivikela .
Abantu abaningi (kuhlanganise nabesifazane abaningi) abane-gonorrhea abanalo izimpawu, ngakho-ke abazi ukuthi banesifo. Labo abahlangenwe nakho okungajabulisi okulinganiselayo kwezihlobo ze-NSFW. Kodwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo, i-gonorrhea ingabangela ubuhlungu besikhathi eside ngisho nokungabi namandla kokubili kokubili amadoda nabesifazane. Kungabuye kwandise amathuba akho okuthola noma ekusakazeni i-HIV.
Njengoba kunikezwa ingozi eqhubekayo ye-gonorrhea yokulwa namagciwane, ukuvimbela kubalulekile. Esikhundleni sokuziqeda ngokuphelele, indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema amabhaktheriya ngokusebenzisa amakhondomu ngesikhathi sonke sokuxhumana kocansi, kufaka phakathi ucansi lomlomo.
04 ka 07
Meningococcal Meningitis
Cabanga ukuthi uphilile kahle namuhla, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezimbili ulwela impilo yakho futhi ulahlekelwa yiminwe yakho nezinzwane - noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kungenzeka nge-meningococcal meningitis.
Lesi simo siwumphumela wokutheleleka kwe-meningococcal okubangela ukuzivikela kokubheka ubuchopho bakho nomgogodla (owaziwa ngokuthi yi-meninges) ukuvuvukala. Umphumela uvame ukusheshisa, ukulimaza futhi - kumaphesenti angu-5 kuya kwangu-10 abantu - ababulalayo, ngisho nokuphathwa okusheshayo. Labo abasinda bavame ukushiywa ngamalungu angenqatshiwe, ukulimala kwengqondo noma ukukhubazeka kokufunda.
Ama-bacterium angaholela kule nkinga isakazwa kusuka kumuntu kuya komuntu emva kokuxhumana okude, ngokuvamile ngokumanga, ukukhwehlela nokukhipha. Akuwona wonke umuntu osulelekile ogulayo, ngakho-ke abantu bangakwazi ukuvezwa kuma-bacteria ngaphandle kokuqaphela. Eqinisweni, i-World Health Organization inquma ukuthi nganoma isiphi isikhathi esithile, amaphesenti angu-10 ukuya kwangu-20 kubo bonke abantu abathwala amabhaktheriya.
Amanani aphakeme kakhulu ase-Afrika okuthiwa yi-"meningitis belt", esondela cishe ogwini-kuya-ogwini esuka eSenegal ukuya e-Ethiopia, kodwa ukutheleleka kungenzeka emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise ne-US
Imishanguzo ikhona ukuze kusize ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-meningococcal. Ukugonywa kunconywa ukuthi abahambi baya "emzimbeni we-meningitis" ngesikhathi somile (ngoDisemba kuya kuJuni) kanti empeleni kuyadingeka kulabo abaya eMecca phakathi nohambo lwaminyaka yonke. Ngisho noma ngabe ugonywe esikhathini esidlule, umthamo we-booster ungase udingeke. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi uyayidinga noma cha, hlola nodokotela wakho.
05 ka-07
I-Myiasis
Uma izidumbu zishaya amaphupho abahambi emhlabeni jikelele, ke-ke i-myiasis yizinto ezibuhlungu. Ukukhuluma ngokweqile, i-myiasis yilapho abantu besenwe yi-fly larva-okungukuthi, izimpethu.
Fly amaqanda noma izibungu (ngokuvamile kusuka ezimpukeni) angene esikhumbeni ngokusebenzisa amanxeba evulekile noma ukulunywa umiyane noma ngokugqekeza esikhumbeni. Bahlala lapho, bekhula ngaphansi kwesikhumba, kubangele izibungu ezihamba noma zinyakaza ngqo phambi kwamehlo akho. Ezimweni eziningi, izibungu kufanele zisuswe ngokuhlinzwa.
Usengozini yokuthola i-myiasis uma unezilonda ezivulekile noma uphuze amanzi angaphathwa, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba nezesibhakabhaka eLatin America, e-Afrika naseCaribbean. Gwema inkampani engavumiyo ngokusebenzisa izinambuzane zokugwema izinambuzane ukuze ugweme ukulunywa ezimpukeni, umiyane, kanye nemikhaza; ukuphuza kuphela amanzi aphathwe kahle, futhi ukuthungula izingubo uma ngabe uphonse ngaphandle.
06 ka-07
I-Fever Yomkhuhlane
Abahamba ngezikhathi ngokuvamile ababazi ukuthi bangabhegi, kepha umkhuhlane we-typhoid ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi izigidi ezingu-22 zezimo ze-typhoid zenzeka ngonyaka ngamunye - ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka e-Afrika, eMpumalanga Yurophu, e-Asia naseLatin America-futhi lesi sifo sinesibopho sabangaphezu kuka-200 000 emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngaphandle kwezinhlungu zomzimba zesisu nokuntuleka kwesidlo, umkhuhlane we-typhoid ungabangela ukuqotshwa noma isifo sohudo, amaphuphu aphezulu, ukuphathwa ikhanda noma ubuthakathaka. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kungabangela nokuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, i-bacterium iyaphatha kahle kakhulu ngamanzi ahlanzekile namagciwane-okungenani okwamanje. Njenga-gonorrhea, kunobunye ubufakazi bokuthi i-typhoid iyanamathela emithini esebenzayo yangaphambili.
Njengezifo eziningi ezithinta ipheshana lokugaya, i-typhoid isakazwa ngokudla okungcolile noma ngamanzi, ngakho-ke izinyathelo zokuphepha zokunakekelwa kwamanzi ezijwayelekile nezokuthuthwa kwendle zisebenza. Kukhona nemithi yokugoma etholakalayo kubagibeli abaphumelela ngamaphesenti angama-50 kuya ku-80.
07 ka-07
Umkhuhlane
Yikholelwa noma cha, umkhuhlane (owaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi umkhuhlane) awuyona nje ibanda elibi noma isifo senhliziyo. Lesi sifo esinamandla sokuphefumula, njengeZika, singaholela ezindabeni ezinzima ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ukholo lukholelwa ukuthi lubulalayo kakhulu, lubulala abantu abangaba ngu-250 000 kuya ku-500 000 ngonyaka emhlabeni wonke-kuhlanganise phakathi kuka-3 000 no-49,000 abantu e-US kuphela.
Izigidi eziningi zithola izimpawu ezidabukisayo, kuhlanganise nama-aches enamandla, ukukhathala, umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ukugcoba nokuphuza komphimbo. Kwezinye izimo, kungabangela izinkinga ezifana ne-pneumonia.
Ama-anti-viral meds atholakala emazweni athile, angasiza ekunciphiseni ubukhulu besifo uma kunikezwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuba izimpawu zivele. Uma kungenjalo, kuncane kakhulu ongakwenza ukuze uphathe umkhuhlane, ngaphandle kokugcina umkhuhlane phansi nge-acetaminophen (iTylenol).
Izinkinga zakho zokungcebeleka zikhuphuka ngenkathi zihamba ngenxa yezibalo ezilula: uthola abantu abaningi kakhulu, ngokuvamile ezindaweni eziqinile, njengebhasi, izindiza noma imikhumbi yokuhamba. Isikhathi semfucuza ngokuvamile senzeke phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika-Okthoba kuya ku-Ephreli eNyakatho Yezwe Elisha kanye no-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba eNingizimu Yezwe Elisha-kodwa ungathola umkhuhlane kunoma yikuphi unyaka wonke, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela umkhuhlane iwukugoma, ikakhulukazi uma ulindele ukuxhumana eduze nabantu abaningi. Futhi, yiqiniso, geza izandla zakho.