Ngokuzalwa kweRiphabhliki yasePeru ngo-1821, uhulumeni osuvele ozimele wasePeruvia uguqule izifundazwe zokuqala zokuphatha zasekoloni eminyangweni eyisishiyagalombili. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukwesekwa okwenyuka kwamaphesenti angaphansi kanye nokucindezela ekufundeni esifundazweni kwakhuthaza ukwakha izindawo ezengeziwe zokuphatha. Ngawo-1980, i-Peru yahlukaniswa yaba yiminyango engama-24 kanye nesifundazwe esisodwa esikhethekile, iProvincial Constitutional of Callao.
Naphezu kokucindezelwa okuphakade nokudonsa kwezombusazwe zasePeruvia - kuhlanganise nemizamo yokuhlelwa kabusha kwemingcele yokuphatha yesizwe - amaqembu angaphansi kwezwe asePeru ahlale engashintshi.
Namuhla, iPeru inezindawo ezingu-25 zokuphatha (kuhlanganise neCallao) eziqhutshwa ohulumeni bezifunda: i- gobiernos regionales . Lezi zifunda zasePeru ziyaziwa ngokuthi yiminyango ( departamentos ); Umnyango ngamunye uhlukaniswe ezifundazweni nasezifundazweni.
Amagama anikezwe amaPeru azalwa emadolobheni athile kanye nasezindaweni ezithile, funda ama-Demonyms asePeru.
Izindawo Zokuphatha ZaseNorthern Peru
ENyakatho yePeru kukhona iminyango eyisikhombisa elandelayo (enezinhloko zeminyango ebakaki):
- Ama-tumbes (ama-tumbes)
- I-Piura (Piura)
- I-Lambayeque (Chiclayo)
- I-La Libertad ( iTrujillo )
- I-Cajamarca (i-Cajamarca)
- I-San Martin ( Moyobamba )
- I-Amazonas (Chachapoyas)
- I-Loreto (Iquitos)
I-Loreto iyona mnyango omkhulu kunawo wonke ePeru, kodwa unesibili esincane kakhulu senani labantu .
Lesi sifunda esikhulu samaJungle yiwo kuphela umnyango wasePeruvia ukuhlanganyela umngcele wamazwe amathathu: Ecuador, Colombia naseBrazil.
Ogwini olusenyakatho lwasePeru lunezindawo eziningi ezithakazelisayo zomhlaba ezingaphambi kwe-Inca, ikakhulukazi eminyangweni yeLa Libertad neLambayeque. Hamba ngasenyakatho kusuka eC Chiclayo futhi uzofinyelela emnyangweni we-Amazonas, kanye nomhlaba wesiko lamaChachapoyas (nalapho uhlala khona enqabeni yaseKuelap ).
Umgwaqo omkhulu ongasentshonalanga kuya empumalanga uyaqhubeka nokufika eTarapoto emnyangweni weSan Martin, lapho ungahamba khona uhambe u-Yurimaguas ngaphambi kokugibela isikebhe eya e-Iquitos, inhloko-dolobha ejulile yaseLorto.
Iminyango yaseNorthern Peru ithola izivakashi ezimbalwa kunabaseNingizimu, kodwa uhulumeni wasePeruvia uhlela ukukhuthaza nokuthuthukisa ukuvakasha kule ndawo ethakazelisayo.
Izifunda Zokuphatha ZaseCentral Peru
Iminyango eyisikhombisa elandelayo iseCentral Peru:
- I-Ancash (i-Huaraz)
- Lima
- I-Callao (Callao)
- I-Huánuco (Huánuco)
- I-Pasco (Cerro de Pasco)
- I-Junín (i-Huancayo)
- Ucayali (Pucallpa)
Naphezu kwemizamo yokwehlukaniswa kwemvelo, yonke imigwaqo isaqhubeka eLima. I-capital sprawl yenhloko-dolobha yasePeruvia yindawo kahulumeni wezwe kanye nephesenti elikhulu labantu basePeruvia, kanye nendawo enkulu yokuhweba nezokuthutha. I-Callao, manje egcwele iLima Metropolitan Area enkulu futhi ilele ngaphakathi eMnyangweni weLima, igcina uhulumeni wayo wesifunda kanye nesihloko sesiFundazwe soMthethosisekelo waseCallao.
Hamba empumalanga ukusuka eLima futhi maduze uzohlala ezintabeni ezigagasi zaseCentral Peru, ekhaya edolobheni eliphakeme kunazo zonke, iCroro de Pasco (elisezingeni elingaphezu kwamamitha angu-1400 ngaphezu kolwandle, ngakho-ke lungiselela ukugula okuphakeme ).
Emnyangweni we-Ancash, okwamanje, i-peak ephakeme kakhulu ePeru, i-Nevado Huascaran.
Ngasempumalanga yeCentral Peru kukhona umnyango omkhulu waseCayayali, esifundeni samahlathi esigwazwe uMfula Ucayali. Inhloko-dolobha yomnyango, i-Pucallpa, idolobha elikhulu lechweba lapho izikebhe zihamba khona zifika e-Iquitos nangaphezulu.
Izifunda Zokuphatha ZaseNingizimu Peru
I-Southern Peru iqukethe iminyango elandelayo engu-10:
- Ica (Ica)
- I-Huancavelica (i-Huancavelica)
- I-Ayacucho (Ayacucho)
- I-Apurímac (i-Abancay)
- I-Arequipa (Arequipa)
- I-Moquegua (Moquegua)
- I-Tacna (i-Tacna)
- I-Cusco (i-Cusco)
- I-Puno (Puno)
- I-Madre de Dios (i-Puerto Maldonado)
Iningizimu yePeru yi-tourism hotspot yesizwe. UMnyango weCusco ungumdwebo oyinhloko kokuvakasha basekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, kanye nomuzi waseCusco (owawungumkhulu we-Inca) kanye noMachu Picchu odweba ezixukwini.
I-classic "ye-gringo" yendlela yasePeruvia ihamba cishe yonke iminyango yaseningizimu, futhi ihlanganisa izindawo ezithandwayo ezifana neNazca Lines (umnyango we-Ica), idolobha lase-Arequipa neLake Titicaca (umnyango wePuno).
Enyakatho-mpumalanga (nokuhlanganyela umngcele weBrazil neBolivia) u-Madre de Dios, umnyango onabantu abaphansi kakhulu ePeru. Kwaze kwafika uMnyango weTacna, isango eliya eChile.