Okuyisithupha Okumele Kumelwe-Bheka Amathempeli eBagan, eMyanmar

01 ngo-07

Izifanekiso Eziyisithupha Ezivela Ezinkulungwaneni Zokuvakashela eBagan

Njengoba kunezinkulungwane zezintambo nokukhokhela ukuvakashela, ayikho indlela ehamba phambili yokubona iqoqo lika-Bagan lamashempeli . Amathempeli kulolu hlu ahlonishwa ukuthi yi-Bigan, enkulu kunazo zonke, futhi ethandwa kakhulu, futhi kufanele nakanjani afakwe kunoma yikuphi ukuvakasha kwethempelini e-Bagan okungaphezu kosuku.

Ukuhamba kwethempeli lezinsuku ezingamashumi amahlanu, umqondisi wami u-Aung Kyaw Moe uthi unamathele amabili: "Uhambo oluhambela isigamu, uvakashela amaShwezigon namathempeli e-Ananda," kusho uMnu. Aung. "Uma usuvele uye kulezi zindawo ezimbili, kulungile." Ngokuvakasha okude, hlela izindlu zakho zethempelini ezungeze izindawo ezibalwe lapha.

Amazwi ambalwa nje iseluleko: ngoba amabili kulawa mathempeli (i-Htilominlo no-Shwesandaw), abahloli bendawo bayohlola ukuthi uphethe i-passen ye-Bagan yepakethe evumelekile; Ukuhlolwa okungahleliwe kungase kwenzeke nakwezinye izindawo. Futhi uma uhlela ukubona zonke eziyisithupha ngosuku olulodwa, khetha inketho yezokuthutha ye-Bagan eyokuhola ngokusheshisa (imoto nomshayeli, yebo; i-horsecart, isihogo cha).

Ukuze ufunde ulimi olufihlekile lwamaThempeli, funda iphepha lethu elincane lokukopela ithempeli. Ngenye indlela yokuhambela ithempeli, hlola lolu hlu lwamathempeli e- Bagan ngokubuka kwelanga .

02 ngo-07

I-Shwezigon Ithempeli: I-Stupa eyaqala konke

Ukufana kukaShwezigon noSwedwed eYangon ngokuqhubekayo eningizimu akukwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo. Emva kokuba uShwezigon igcwaliswe ngo-1086 AD, ukulinganisa nobuhle bethempeli kwakuyisibonelo samanye amathempeli amaningi akhiwe kuwo wonke umbuso. I-Shwedagon - i-upstart ephothuliwe eminyakeni engamakhulu amane kamuva - kungenzeka ukuthi idlula ukuphefumlelwa kwayo ngobukhulu nobuhle, kodwa ibhekene nemithonya yayo eyandulela noma kunjalo.

Eyalwe yinkosi enkulu eyasungula u-Anawrahta futhi ephethwe ngumlandeli wakhe uKyansittha, ukuklama kukaShwezigon kubonisa ithonya lezizukulwane zombili. Ngokufana neS Shwedagon eningizimu, iShwezigon yasebenza njengomhlaba ogcotshwe lapho amakhosi angathandazela khona, noma ukubonga, impumelelo: ikhoneni eliseningizimu-ntshonalanga laligcinwe imithandazo enjalo.

Igama lethempeli libonisa le njongo: " S oku kusho i-golden, zigo isho ukuthatha noma ukunqoba," kusho umqondisi wami uMnu. Aung. "Uma inkosi yayinendaba ebalulekile, bema lapho ukuthandaza ukuthi bafuna ukwenzani - izifiso zabo zizogcwaliseka."

Ngomoya omkhulu we-160-foot-high golden, uzothola uchungechunge lweminye imikhumbi ekhonza zombili izinjongo zesigramental kanye nemfundo. Inkundla ibonisa i-dioramas yokuhlangana kokuqala kukaBuddha neZimidlalo ezine; omunye uhlanganisa uchungechunge lwezigqoko zemihlatshelo ehlelwe endandeni, lapho ungazama ukudubula imali esitsheni.

I-Shwezigon iphinde ibe yindawo yokukhulekela komoya (umoya); isakhiwo esakhiwe sinezithombe ezimelela ama-37 aseMyanmar ahlonishwayo, lapho abantu bendawo bangathandaza ku-patron nat ukuvikela noma ukunxusa

03 ka-07

I-Htilominlo Ithempeli: Hamba ku-Umbrella

INkosi uHtilominlo (owabusa ngo-1211 kuya ku-1235AD), omncane kunazo zonke ezinamadodana ezinhlanu eziyinhloko eNkosini Sithu II, waqinisekisa ukubusa kwakhe ngenxa yokukholelwa emakhosini, lapho isambulela seNkosi sawela khona. Igama lobabili iNkosi neThempeli libonisa lo mcimbi - "hti" (isambulela), "min" (inkosi), futhi "lo" (isifiso esimangalisayo) kuhlanganiswa kubonisa ukuthi isambulela sakhetha isikhulu sokuba yinkosi elandelayo.

Ithempeli akuyona into enkulu kunazo zonke eBagan, kodwa ngokuqinisekile kubalulekile njengenye yezinhle kakhulu. I-spire yayo iphakama ngamamitha angu-150 phezu kwezwe laseBagan, kanti izinhlangothi ezine zibhekene nezikhombisi-ndlela ezikhazimulayo ezilinganiselwa ngamamitha angu-140 ngaphesheya. Umbhoshongo wokuzungeza iHitominlo Ithempeli ligcwele izitolo ezimakethe ezithengisa imidwebo, izingubo kanye nezethulo ezihambisanayo, enikeza igceke lethempeli umkhathi onjengezimakethe.

Izitini ezibomvu zakha zombili izindonga nezakhiwo zethempelini: iningi lezitini lidalulwe, lidalula enye yezitshalo ezibonakalayo ezizungezile ezibonakalayo ezinezitshalo ezincane kakhulu. Indlu yethempeli yembula izibalo ezine ezineBuddha ezibhekene nazo zonke izikhombisi-ndlela ezikhazimulayo. Amakamelo axhunyiwe ngemigwaqo ehambisana namafresksi abonisa impilo kaBuddha nezikhathi.

Thola okuningi mayelana neNkosi kanye negama lakhe le-namesake kule ngqungquthela eThekwini yeHtilominlo .

04 ka 07

I-Ananda Temple: Ithempeli elilodwa eliphelele

Ithempeli lase-Ananda liyisakhiwo samasonto-afana nesakhiwo esincane esilingana nobukhulu nesimo esingokomoya eBagan.

INkosi Kyansittha - indodana ka-Anawrahta kanye nomqashi emva kokuqedwa kukaShwezigon - yalela ukwakha i-Ananda Temple, eyagcwaliswa ngo-1105AD. Ukuziqhenya nokuphelela kohlobo luka-Ananda kwaholela ezindabeni ezimbalwa ezimnyama.

Okokuqala, u-Ananda wamangalelwa ngokuba nomuzi we-Ananda owabulala ngemuva kokuqedwa kwethempeli, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akekho enye ithempeli eliphelele elingalandela ku-Ananda's wake. Okwesibili, uKhyansittha wayezimisele ukuzingcwaba ephila endlini ka-Ananda, evele ehlukumezeka ngemuva kokushaywa yinduna yakhe eyinhloko uSky Arahan.

"Uma ufuna ukwakha ithempeli njengendawo engcwele, ungazitholi ngokwakho!" UMnu. Aung ucabanga ukuthi uShin Arahan uyala inkosi yakhe. "Uma wenza kanjalo, ngeke kube ithempeli, kuyoba ithuna."

Uhlelo lwe-Ananda lufana nesiphambano samaGrisi, nemigwaqo efinyelela ezinkomba ezine eziyinhloko, ezivela ehholo eliphethe elinye lamaBuddha amane, elimi cishe ubude obuyizingalo eziyisishiyagalolunye futhi lenziwe ngamapulangwe aqoshiwe. Amahholo axhunyiwe ngeqoqo eliyingqayizivele lemikhumbi emibili: umhubhe wangaphakathi ugcinelwe ukusetshenziswa komndeni wasebukhosini, futhi ngaphandle ukuze kusetshenziswe amakholi nabanye abazinikelayo.

Naphezu kwetshe elinzima nezitini ezakha isakhiwo sika-Ananda Temple, umklamo uyakwazi ukuzwa kahle umoya ovuthayo: i-vents exhuma emigwaqweni eya ngaphandle ngaphandle kwemimoya nokukhanya okuzojikeleza e-Ananda Temple, ukugcina ingaphakathi lijabulise naphezu izikhukhula zezivakashi ezifudumele ezihamba ngemigwaqo.

05 ka-07

I-Dhammayangyi Ithempeli: I-Bad Karma

Ithempeli elikhulu laseBagan lakhiwa nguShaathu, owayengumashiqela, owafika esihlalweni sobukhosi ngokubulala uyise u-Alaungsithu, wabe esezibulala. Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe okuncane phakathi kuka-1167 no-1171AD, uNamathu wazama ukuguqula i-karma ngokwakha ithempeli elide kunabo bonke eBagan.

I-Dhammayangyi iyingqayizivele yombalo wayo we-pyramidal, ithempeli elilodwa kuphela kulo lonke elaseMyanmar; i-brickwork ibonisa izindinganiso eziphakeme ezingenakuqhathaniswa uNarathu azinikezele abadwebi abakukhulisa.

"I-Narathu ifuna uDhammayangyi ukuba ibe ngaphezu kwethempeli eliphakeme kakhulu, elingcono kunethempelini elihle kakhulu [i-Ananda Temple]," kusho uMnu. Aung. "Yingakho eyala abalandeli ukuba babeke izitini zabo eduze kakhulu. Umphathi uzohlola ngedaliti - uma kungenzeka ukuba afake ngenaliti, ababulali bazobulawa."

Ukuzibulala kwegazi okunjalo ekugcineni kwaletha umbuso wakhe ngokugcwele, iminyaka emine nje ekubuseni kwakhe. Ngemva kokubulala indlovukazi yakhe yaseSri Lankan ngokufutheka, uNamathu ngokwakhe wabulawa ngababulali abathunywe ngumkhwezala wakhe othukuthele. Lapho efa, uDhammayangyi wayengaphelele - futhi uzohlala ngaleyo ndlela kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.

"Akukho mhlobiso okhethekile ngaphakathi kuDhammayangyi; amantombazane amaningi, iphunga langaphakathi libuhlungu kakhulu," kusho uMnu. Aung. "Ngisho nabantu bendawo abangeke bawele kuwo ngemuva kokushona kwelanga - bacabanga ukuthi ithempeli lihlehlisiwe.

06 ka-07

I-Manuha Ithempeli: IHholo Lokudabuka

Ebizwa ngemuva kokuthunjwa kweNkosi yami eyayiyikhiphe, uManuel uqukethe izithombe ezine ezinkulu zeBuddha, ezintathu zibheke phambili futhi enye ihlezi ngemuva. Eyingqayizivele phakathi kwamathempeli akwaBagan, u-Manuha wakhiwa yinkosi eyayinqobile ehlala ekuthunjweni.

INkosi Manuha, ogama loMbuso weTheon eningizimu yeBagan wanqotshwa yinkosi enkulu u-Anawrahta ngekhulu le-11, waphila iminyaka yokugcina eboshiwe ekhaya eBagan. Wathengisa i-ruby ring yokukhulisa imali eyadingekayo ukwakha ithempeli elibizwa ngegama lakhe manje: ithempeli elide, elinezinsimbi ezine eliqukethe izithombe ezintathu ezihleliwe zeBuddha ezibheke empumalanga, futhi isithombe esisodwa esihlala esibukhosini seBuddha sibheke entshonalanga sibhekene nenyakatho.

Lezi zithombe ezintathu ezibheke empumalanga zakwaBuddha zisezindaweni ezincane ezinamapulangwe aphezulu kakhulu kunezinhloko zezithombe (i-Buddha ephakathi iphakama ngamamitha angu-46 phezulu, kuyilapho amaBuddha angama-33 aphezulu). Abantu bendawo bakholwa ukuthi amaBuddha awakhiwe ukuze abonakalise ukukhathazeka kwangaphakathi kukaMnu Manuha: uBuddha oyedwa uhleli "amehlo namlomo" angenabuhlungu, njengoba umqondisi wami echaza, kanti omunye unesifuba esicacile esibonisa ukuthi intukuthelo kaManuel ihlale ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo yakhe.

U-Aung wachaza ukuthi: "Ngisho noBuddha, kwakudingeka afe ngelinye ilanga," wangitshela . "Awukho izintandokazi ezikhethekile - uma kuzalwa, kuyoba nokufa. Uma senze imisebenzi enhle ngokwanele, futhi uma sesivele senze ukuzindla okufanele, ngeke sisabe ukufa.

07 ka-07

Shwesandaw: I-Sunset Stupa

I-Shwesandaw ingenye yamathempeli amahlanu kuphela lapho izivakashi zivunyelwe ukukhuphuka (ezinye ziyiThitsa Wadi, eNingizimu naseNyakatho Guni, nasePyathatgyi), kodwa imibono evela emasimithini ayo ayisihlanu okugxilwe kuyo cishe yiwona angcono kakhulu ozothola eduze neBagan.

Izitebhisi ezihamba ngezinyawo ziphuma phezulu kuya emasimini angaphezulu; i-bannister ensimbi inikeza ezinye izisetshenziswa zabagibeli abanezinyathelo ezingaphansi kweqiniso. Kusukela phansi kuze kube phezulu, iSweswwwww isingamamitha angu-328; ematendeni angenhla phakathi kwamamitha angu-200 kuya ku-35 emoyeni, abahambi bahamba ngemibono yoMfula i-Ayeyarwady kude, kanye nezakhiwo esiseduze, phakathi kweThempeli LaseThebyinnyu (angeke liphuthelwe, leli yithempeli elide kakhulu likaGagan ) kanye ne-Bagan Archaeological Museum.

Ukuzamazama komhlaba kuka-1975 okwabhubhisa iBagan futhi kwashiya uphawu lwaso eShwesandaw: lo mbono owuwona ophezulu kakhulu uyisibonelo somunye owawukhunjulwa ngesikhathi sokuzamazama komhlaba (manje kwasekuqaleni kuhlala endaweni ephephile ku-Archaeological Museum). Ithempeli lilahlekile namakhulu ama-reliefs asetsheni aphethe izithombe ezivela eJataka Tales.

I-Shwesandaw ivuliwe unyaka wonke, kodwa ngokubheka konke okuhle okuzungezayo, iya ngesikhathi sebusika sikaBagan phakathi kukaNovemba noFebruwari, lapho isibhakabhaka sicacile futhi ukubonakala kusemandleni abo futhi kukhanya kakhulu. Kufanele futhi uhambise isikhathi sokuvakasha kwakho ukuze uhambisane nokushona kwelanga noma ukushona kwelanga, lapho ilanga lenza izakhiwo zezitini zamathempeli eziseduze zivutha i-orange elicolekileyo.