I-Gossypium barbadense , eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Pima ukotini, iyalinywa namuhla ezindaweni eziningi ezikhulayo ezikhulayo zomhlaba. Lokhu ikotini yokunethezeka, ehlonishwa kakhulu emakethe yomhlaba wonke, isakhulile eNorthern Peru - indawo lapho kutholakala khona, futhi lapho kuthiwa yiPeru Peru Pota cotton.
Umlando Omfushane wePotton Pima yasePeruvia
I-Gossypium barbadense yanikezwa igama elithi "Pima" ukotini ngokuhlonipha abantu baseNative American Pima abaqala ukuvuna ukotini e-United States.
Abantu abaningi basePima basebenze epulazini lokuhlola ukulima kwalolu hlobo lwekotini, isitshalo esakhiwe yiMnyango Wezolimo wase-United States (USDA) ekuqaleni kwawo-1900 eSacaton, e-Arizona.
Nakuba igama elivamile lesitshalo lavela eNyakatho Melika, imvelaphi yalo yomlando ikholelwa ukuthi i-South American. Ubufakazi bemivubukulo bubonisa ukuthi iGossypium barbadense yavuna okokuqala esifundeni esihlanganisa indawo engasogwini phakathi kweNyakatho yePeru ne-Ecuador eningizimu. Iziqephu zesikotini ezitholakalayo ePeru ziye zaqanjwa kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-3100 BC Abavubukuli bezitholile amasampula okotini kule nkathi ku-Huaca Prieta ekuthunjweni kwesifunda saseLa Libertad enyakatho yePeru, isayithi elisendaweni yanamuhla ekhuphuka.
Ngokusho kwe-Plant Resources ye-Tropical Africa (i-PROTA4U) iwebhusayithi, "E-Peru, imikhiqizo yekotoni esuka eGossypium barbadense njengezintambo, izintambo, kanye nokudoba zibuyele cishe cishe ku-2500 BC"
Ama-Incas nawo avuna ukotini kusuka kuhlobo lwe- Gossypium barbadense , ukuze lusetshenziswe kokubili okusebenzayo nangokwenza ubuciko. Izindlela zabo zokugqoka ukotini kanye nekhwalithi yezindwangu zabo zahlaba umxhwele ama-Conquistadors aseSpain, amadoda afanayo nalabo ekugcineni abangela ukuthi amasu amaningi e-Inca textile-working alahleke ngesikhathi kunqoba iPeru.
Uhambo oluqondile lokuziphendukela kwemvelo lweGossypium barbadense luyinkimbinkimbi. Naphezu kweG. barbadense evela ezindaweni ezisogwini zase-Ecuador nasePeru, izinhlobonhlobo ezikhona manje e-Peru cishe zizobe ziseqenjini lase-USA ekuqaleni kwawo-1900, okuyinto eyayiwela nge-Egyptian ELS cotton. Kunzima? Yebo.
Njengoba kunjalo, igama lePeru Peruvian Pima lihlukanisa izinhlobo ze- Gossypium barbadense ezikhiqizwa ePeru ezivela kwezinye izinhlobo, njenge-American Pima.
Yini eyenza iPotton Pima Cotton Ekhethekile?
Ukotini uwukotini - noma kunjalo? UStephen Yafa, encwadini yakhe ethi Cotton: i-Biography ye-Revolutionary Fiber , ubonisa ukubaluleka kobude kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinhlobo ze-cotton fiber. Ukotini oluhle kakhulu luhlukile kwamakhanoni ajwayelekile kakhulu ukuthi amafayili asele, futhi lokhu kuhlukaniswa kubalulekile. I-Yafa ikufanisa nalokhu "umehluko phakathi kwewayini elidakayo etafuleni elidakayo kanye neCateau yaseLaite-Rothschild yasezulwini."
I-Gossypium barbadense , noma i-Pima ikotini, ihlelwe njengekotini elide elide elincane (i-ELS cotton). Ama-pima amakhothoni angaba ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili ubude bama-cottons ajwayelekile, iqiniso elinika i-Pima ukotini ezinye izimfanelo ezihlukile futhi ezifiselekayo.
Ngo-2004, umbiko we-US International Trade Commission obizwa ngokuthi iThe Textiles kanye ne-Apparel: Ukuhlolwa koMncintiswano wabathengi abathile bangaphandle eMakethe yase-US wathi lokhu okulandelayo:
"I-pima ikotini yasePeru ibike ukuthi ixabana nekotini yaseGibhithe ephakeme futhi iyaziwa ngokuthi ayiyona nje ikotini ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuthambekela kwayo, okuthiwa abakhiqizi bezembatho zase-US" abaphikisana nosilika. ""
Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kokunciphisa amandla, amandla, nokuqina kuzuze ukotini lwePima njengesimo somhlaba wonke njengekotoni yokunethezeka. Amasu okuvuna asePeru angaphinde athuthukise izinga eliphelele lomkhiqizo wokugcina. Ukuziqhenya kwenqubo yokukhuphula ukotini kubonakala sengathi kwenzeka ePeru, kepha izindawo eziningi zasePeru Peruvian zilokhu zivuna ukotini ngesandla. Ukwenza ngesandla kuholela ekungapheleleni okuncane emgqeni, ukunikeza ukuphela okuncane. Kubuye kube nenqubo engcono yemvelo.
Ukuthenga i-Pima Cotton ePeru
Namuhla, i-Pima ikotini yasePeru Peru iyalinywa ngokuyinhloko ezigodini ezisogwini ezisenyakatho zasePiura naseChira, njengoba sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka.
Isimo sezulu nesimo sehlabathi lapha siphelele, kunemvula enhle yonyaka kanye namazinga okushisa.
Naphezu kwekhwalithi ehlonishwayo emhlabeni jikelele ePotton Pima cotton, izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe zingase zithenge kakhulu (futhi zinezinye izinto zangaphambili) zendwangu ezivela ema -camelids asePeru , ikakhulukazi i-alpaca ne-vicuña. Izinto ezenziwe ngoboya be-alpaca zithandwa ikakhulukazi, zibe yi-clichéd - isikhumbuzo se-classic.
Ingxenye yalokhu umehluko ekuthandweni mhlawumbe ngenxa yezimo zokuvakasha zasePeruvia. Izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe ziqhubekela phambili ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu yePeru, ezikhangayo ezidumile ezifana ne- Machu Picchu , i-Cusco, i-Arequipa ne- Nazca Lines . Ngokulinganayo, inhloko ehamba phambili ngasogwini olusenyakatho yePeru , isifunda lapho iPima yasePeru yanda khona.
Kodwa uma uhamba enyakatho eduze kolwandle olucebile lwedolobha ngaphezu kweLima, gcina iso livulekile kumikhiqizo yesikotini ye-Pima, kufaka phakathi ama-T-shirts, izingubo kanye nezingubo zezingane ezithambile. Uma nje uthola umdayisi onokwethenjelwa (futhi akekho umuntu ozama ukuthengisa ukotini ovamile njengoPima), ikhwalithi izoba phezulu futhi amanani angaphezulu kunengqondo - ngokuqinisekile ngeke uthole izinto zangempela zePeru Peruvia ngamanani afanayo uma uthola emuva ekhaya.
Izinkomba:
- Stephen Yafa - Ukotini: I-Biography ye-Revolutionary Fiber , iPenguin, ka-2005
- Umbiko we-US International Trade Commission - Izindwangu kanye Nokugqoka: Ukuhlolwa Kokuncintisana Kwezinkampani Zangaphandle Kwezomnotho eMelika Market , 2004
- I-Oxford Business Group - Umbiko: Peru 2012
- I-PROTA4U - "I-Gossypium barbadense L."