I-Faberge Egg Umlando Nomlando
Amaqanda ama-Faberge ayingxenye yenkambiso nomlando waseRussia oye wakhathaza umhlaba, kufana namadonki okugcoba nezinye izikhumbuzo zaseRussia. Ukuboniswa kwabo ngobuciko, ukubaluleka, nokuhluleka kwandisa imfihlakalo nokuthanda kwabo okubazungezile. Kodwa kungani kudalwe, yimuphi indaba yabo, futhi iziphi izivakashi eziya eRussia ezizozibona manje?
Ukuqala Kwesiko
Amasiko aseMpumalanga Yurophu sekuyisikhathi eside ebona ukubonakaliswa emaqanda, futhi amaqanda ama-Easter aye amakholwa amakhulu amaqaba nobuKristu amakhulu eminyaka.
Amaqembu angaphambi kobuKristu ahlobisa amaqanda asebenzisa amadayi emvelo, nanamuhla izwe ngalinye (futhi eqinisweni, esifundeni ngasinye) sinamasu alo futhi amisa amaphethini avela ezizukulwaneni eziningi zemindeni ehlobisa amaqanda ukuze ahloniphe inkolo yawo, ekhona njengezipho, ukudala inhlanhla nezinto ezivikelayo, ukubikezela ikusasa, futhi ukuphuma emncintiswaneni. Amasiko e-Easter aseRashiya abuye abize umhlobiso kanye nokunika amaqanda amahhashi ngaleli holide ebalulekile.
Amaqanda okuqala e-Faberge
Kwakungaphandle kwalesi siko esivamile eside ukuthi umqondo wamaqanda eFiterge wazalwa. Yiqiniso, imindeni yaseRussia yayiyaziwa ngezindleko zayo eziwusizo nokuthanda izinto zokunethezeka, ngakho amaqanda ama-Easter okuhlonishwayo kwakufanele abe amahle kakhulu, abizayo, kanye noveli. I- tsar yaseRussia kanye nombusi u-Alexander III yilabo abaqala ukuthumela ukwenziwa kweqanda elikhethekile lika-Easter ngo-1885, okwakunikezwa umkakhe. Leli qanda laliyi-Hen Egg, iqanda le koqweqwe lwawo elenziwe ukuthi liqukethe i-yolk, elaliphethe nenkukhu enezingxenye ezihambayo.
Inkukhu yayinezinselelo ezimbili ezengeziwe (umqhele omncane kanye ne-ruby pendant-manje elahlekile).
Kwakuyi-workshop kaPeter Carl Faberge eyenza leli qanda, owokuqala kuka-50 okufanele alandele. I-Faberge kanye nemisebenzi yakhe yokucweba izicathulo zenze umbono wabo eRussia, kanti ikhono lobuciko kanye nobungcweti begolide lekhono lomsebenzi wamenza wakwazi ukudala amaqanda aqhubeka esasikhathaza namhlanje.
Nakuba izinsimbi zegolide nezama-koqweqwe lwawo koqweqwe olwenziwe ngamaqanda okuthiwa yi-mass-producing ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa amaqanda e-Faberge, owokuqala kwakuyizinto zobuciko ezihlukile ngokuphelele ezenziwe ngabadwebi abanekhono.
Ama-Faberge Amaqanda njengesiko
I-egg yaseHen yayikhuthaza isiko le-tsar elinika amaqanda ama-Easter iqanda kumkakhe. UPeter Carl Faberge waklama amaqanda kanye nokumangala kwabo okudingekayo. Ithimba lakhe labadwebi laqala ukukhiqizwa kweqanda ngalinye, besebenzisa izinsimbi eziyigugu, amalayela, kanye namatshe okuhlanganisa i-rock crystal, i-ruby, i-jade, idayimane nezinye izinto eziyigugu ezihlanganisa amaparele.
U-Alexander III wanikeza umfazi wakhe amaqanda, uMaria Fedorovna, unyaka ngamunye kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe kwaze kwaba ngo-1894. Ngemva kwalokho indodana yakhe, uNicholas II, yathatha lesi siko futhi yanikeza amaqanda amaF Faberge kokubili unina nomkakhe unyaka ngamunye, ukuphazamiseka okufushane kweMpi YaseRussia-Japanese, kwaze kwafika ngo-1916. Kwamelwe kwenziwe amaqanda amabili engeziwe ngonyaka ka-1917, kodwa lo nyaka wachaza ukuthi ukuphela kobukhosi baseRussia namaqanda akufinyelelanga kwabamukeli bawo ababezimisele.
La maqanda ayengenazo izinto ezinhle kuphela, nakuba ngokuqinisekile zijabulisa emehlweni. Babevame ukuba nemicimbi yezenzakalo ezibalulekile, njenge-Egg Coronation ephawuleka ukukhuphuka kukaNicholas II kumqhele noma i-Romanov Tercentenary Egg egujwa iminyaka engu-300 yokubusa komndeni wakwaRomanov.
Ngalolu daba oluqondile, ingxenye yomlando waseRussia utshelwe ngamehlo omndeni wamakhosi.
I-Faberge nayo yenza amaqanda aseYurophu edumile futhi acebile, nakuba ngokuqinisekile akuzona ezinjengezo ezenzelwe umndeni wasebukhosini waseRashiya. Le workshop yakhiqiza ezinye izingcezu zokudweba ezihlotshaniswa namaRomanovs kanye nohlonishwayo, imindeni elawulayo, kanye nabacebile nabanamandla emhlabeni jikelele, kubandakanya izakhiwo ezifakiwe ezifakiwe, ama-parasol ephethe, ama-desk sets, izincwadi ezivulekileyo, izindwangu zokugqoka, nezimbali ezimbili.
Ukufa kwama-Egg
Ukuphikisana kuka-1917 Russian Revolution, kokubili ngenxa yokuphela kobukhosi futhi ngenxa yokungazinzeki kwezomnotho nezombusazwe kwalesi sizwe, kufaka amaqanda amaF Faberge-kanye nengcebo enkulu yezobuciko neyombuso waseRussia-engozini. Esikhathini esithile kamuva, ngaphansi kukaStalin, izingcezu zekhwalithi eziphezulu zathengiswa ngokushesha kubathengi abacebile.
Abaqoqi abanjengo-Armand Hammer noMalcolm Forbes bagijimela ukuthenga lezi zingcezu eziyigugu zobuciko bokuhlobisa. Abanye abantu baseMelika abadumile abakwazi ukuzitholela izingcezu ezivela kumasifundisane e-Faberge bahlanganisa uJP Morgan, Jr. kanye neVanderbilts, futhi kancane kancane waba yingxenye yamaqoqo abucala abalulekile. Umbukiso we-1996-97 waseMelika uveza lezi zinto endaweni yezimyuziyamu eziningana kulo lonke elase-United States, kuhlanganise neMetropolitan Museum of Art eNew York, iVirgium Museum of Fine Arts, neCleveland Museum of Art.
Nakuba amaqanda amaningi asekhona, ezinye zezimanga zabo ziye zalahleka.
Indawo yama-Amaqanda
Akuwona wonke amaqanda ashiya eRussia, okuyizindaba ezinhle zezivakashi ezifuna ukubona amaqanda endaweni yazo. Amaqanda ayishumi atholakala e-Armory Museum yaseKremlin , equkethe izicucu eziningi zomlando waseRussia emlandweni, kuhlanganise nomqhele, izihlalo zobukhosi nezinye izinto eziyigugu. Amaqanda empi emqoqweni we-Armory Museum ahlanganisa iMemori eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ye-Azov Egg ka-1891; i-Bouquet of Lilies Clock Clock ye-1899; i-E-Trans-Siberian Railway Egg ye-1900; i-Clover Leaf Egg ka-1902; i-Moscow Kremlin Egg ka 1906; i-Alexander Palace Egg ka-1908; i-Standart Yacht Egg ka 1909; i-Alexander III i-Egg Equestrian ye-1910; i-Romanov Tercentenary Egg ka 1913; kanye ne-Steel Military Egg yango-1916.
Imyuziyamu eyimfihlo ebizwa ngokuthi iMusterge Museum eSt. Petersburg iqukethe iqoqo leqanda likaViktor Vekselburg. Ngaphezu kokuqala kwe-Hen Egg eyaqala isiko lamaqanda e-Faberge Easter, amaqanda ayisishiyagalombili angabonwa kule museum: i-Renaissance Egg ka-1894; i-Rosebud Egg ka-1895; I-Coronation Egg ka-1897; Iminduze Ye-Valley Egg ka-1898; i-Cockerel egg ye-1900; I-Anniversary Anniversary Egg ka-1911; I-Egg Tree Egg ka-1911; kanye ne-Order yaseSt. George Egg ka-1916. Amaqanda angenasidlangalaleni (amaqanda angazange awenzelwe umndeni wasebukhosini waseRussia) afakwe eqoqweni laseVekselburg afaka amaqanda amabili okwenziwe yizimboni u-Alexander Kelch namanye amaqanda amane awenzelwe abantu abahlukahlukene.
Amanye amaqanda ama-Faberge ahlakazekile kumamyuziyamu kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-United States.