Umgwaqo oya eSahlukweni se-Ireland emazweni amabili ahlukene
Umlando we-Ireland ubude futhi unzima - futhi enye yemiphumela yomzabalazo wokuzimela yayiyinkimbinkimbi eminye. Ngokusho kokudalwa kwamazwe amabili ahlukene kule siqhingi encane. Njengoba lesi senzakalo nesimo samanje siqhubeka sisazisa izivakashi, ake sizame ukuchaza okwenzekile.
Ukuthuthukiswa kweziNhlulo zangaphakathi zase-Ireland kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20
Ngokuyinhloko zonke izinkathazo zaqala lapho amakhosi ase-Ireland engena empini yombango futhi uDiarmaid Mac Murcha wamema izingelosi ze-Anglo-Norman ukuba zibalwe - ngo-1170 uRichard FitzGilbert, owaziwa kangcono ngokuthi "i- Strongbow ", owaqala ukuhamba enhlabathini yase-Ireland.
Futhi wathanda lokho akubona, washada nendodakazi kaMac Murcha, u-Aoife futhi wanquma ukuthi uzohlala kahle. Kusukela ekuqashiweni okuqashiwe kuya enkosini yenqaba wathatha imivimbo embalwa nje esheshayo ngekrele likaStongbow. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi i-Ireland yayiyi (ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi) ngaphansi kokubusa kweNgisi.
Ngenkathi abanye base-Ireland bahlela ukuzibamba nababusi abasha futhi benza ukubulala (ngokuvamile eqinisweni) ngaphansi kwabo, abanye bathatha indlela yokuhlubuka. Futhi ukuhlukana kobuhlanga kwadlula ngokushesha, kanti isiNgisi ekhaya sikhalaza ukuthi abanye abantu bakithi babe "aba-Irish ngaphezulu kune-Irish".
Ezikhathini zaseTudor i-Ireland ekugcineni yaba ikoloni - abantu abaningi baseNgilandi naseScotland kanye nabantwana abancane (abangenamhlaba) babantu abahlonishwayo bathunyelwa " ezitshalweni ", bebeka umyalelo omusha. Ngawo wonke umqondo - uHenry VIII wayesephukile ngokumangalisayo nabapapa kanye nabahlali abasha beletha ibandla lesonto lase-Anglican, ngokubizwa nje ngokuthi "amaProthestani" ngamaKatolika asendabuko.
Lapha izingxenye zokuqala ezihambisana nemigqa yamahlelo zaqala. Lezi ziyancipha ngokufika kwamaPresbyterian aseScotland, ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ze-Ulster. I-Anti-Catholic yama-anti-Catholic, i-pro-Parliament futhi ibhekwa ngokungathembeki yi-Anglican Ascendency eyakha i-enclave yobuhlanga neyenkolo.
Umthetho Wasekhaya - kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-Loyalist
Ngemuva kokuhlubuka okungafani kwamazwe ase-Irish (amanye aqhutshwa amaProthestani afana neWolfe Tone) nomkhankaso ophumelelayo wamaLungelo angamaKatolika kanye nesilinganiso sokuzithiba kwe-Ireland, "Umthetho Wasekhaya" kwakuyisikhala sokubambisana kwamazwe ase-Irish empini yama-Victorian.
Lokhu kwakudingeka ukhetho lomhlangano wase-Ireland, lokhu ngokukhetha uhulumeni wase-Ireland nokuqhuba izindaba zangaphakathi zase-Irish ngaphakathi kohlaka loMbuso waseBrithani. Ngemuva kwemizamo emibili yasekhaya yasekhaya kwakuzoba yiqiniso ngo-1914 - kodwa kwafakwa umshini wokushisa emuva ngenxa yempi yaseYurophu.
Kodwa ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kukhishwe izibhamu zaseSarajevo, izigubhu zempi zashaywa e-Ireland - abancane baseBrithani, ikakhulukazi e-Ulster, besaba ukulahlekelwa amandla nokulawula. Bakhetha ukuqhubeka kwe- status quo . Ummeli waseDublin u-Edward Carson nombhali weBrithani waseBrithani uBonar Law baba namazwi aphikisana nekhaya lasekhaya, bacela ukuboniswa kwabantu abaningi ngo-September 1912 bamema ababambisene nabo ukuba basayine "iStulemn League and Agreement". Abesilisa nabesifazane abangaba yingxenye yesigidi basayine le dokhumenti, abanye bawasebenzisa ngendlela ephawulekayo egazini labo - bethembisa ukugcina u-Ulster (okungenani) ingxenye ye-United Kingdom ngazo zonke izindlela ezidingekayo. Ngonyaka olandelayo amadoda angama-100,000 ajoyina i-Ulster Volunteer Force (i-UVF), inhlangano ye-paramilitary eyanikezelwa ekuvimbeleni i-Home Rule.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo amavolontiya ase-Irish asetshenziselwa imibuthano yobuzwe - ngenjongo yokuvikela uMthetho Wekhaya. Amalungu angu-200,000 ayekulungele ukwenza okuthile.
Ukuvukela, iMpi kanye neSivumelwano Sase-Anglo-Irish
Ukuhlangana kwamavolontiya ase-Ireland bahlanganyela ePhasika Rising ka-1916 , izenzakalo futhi ikakhulukazi ngemva kwalokho okwadala ubuzwe obusha obuqine futhi obuhlomile base-Irish. Ukunqoba okukhulu kukaSinn Féin okhethweni luka-1918 kwaholela ekwakhiweni kweDáil Éireann wokuqala ngoJanuwari 1919. Impi ye-guerilla eyabanjwe i-Irish Republican Army (IRA) ilandelele, iphelile ekuqothulweni futhi ekugcineni isivumelwano sikaJulayi 1921.
I-Home Rule yayinesivumelwano esihlukile samabandla ayisithupha amaProtestanti ase-Ulster ( Antrim , Armagh , Down, Fermanagh , Derry / Londonderry kanye noTyrone ) kanye nesisombululo esinqunyiwe sokuba " South ". Lokhu kwafika ngasekupheleni kuka-1921 lapho iSivumelwano Sase-Anglo-Irish senza i-Irish Free State emadolobheni angu-26 asele, alawulwa yiDáil Éireann.
Empeleni, kwakuyinkimbinkimbi kunokuba ngisho ... iSivumelwano, lapho sisebenza, sakha i-Irish Free State yezifunda ezingu-32, sonke isiqhingi. Kodwa kwakukhona isigatshana sokuphuma kwamabandla ayisithupha e-Ulster. Futhi lokhu kwakwenziwe, ngenxa yezinkinga ezithile zesikhathi, kuphela usuku olulandelayo uFree State. Ngakho-ke cishe usuku olulodwa kwakukhona i-Ireland ehlanganisiwe ngokuphelele, kuphela ehlukaniswa kabili ngakusasa ekuseni. Njengoba besakusho ukuthi nganoma yisiphi i-ajenda ye-Irish yomhlangano, inombolo yesifundo eyodwa ngumbuzo othi "Sihlukanisa nini amaqembu?"
Ngakho i-Ireland yahlukaniswa - ngesivumelwano sabaxoxisana bezwe. Futhi ngenkathi iningi lentando yeningi lamukela lesi sivumelwano njengobubi obuncane, abakwa-nationalists abanobunzima babona njengokuthengiswa. Impi Yomphakathi Yase-Ireland phakathi kwe-IRA neFree State Forces yalandelwa, eholele ekuchitheni kwegazi okungaphezulu, futhi ikakhulukazi ukubulawa okwedlula i-Easter Rising. Kuphela emashumini eminyaka ezayo kwakukhona isivumelwano sokuqedwa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ekugcineni kwesimemezelo esisodwa sokuthi "umbusi wenkululeko, ozimele" ngo-1937. I-Republic of Ireland Act (1948) yaqeda ukwakha umbuso omusha.
I "North" ihanjiswe esuka eStormont
Ukhetho luka-1918 e-United Kingdom aluphumelelanga kuphela ngo-Sinn Féin - ama-Conservatives athole isibambiso kuLloyd George ukuthi amanani ayisithupha e- Ulster angeke anqunywe eMthethweni Wekhaya. Kodwa incomo ka-1919 ikhuthaza iphalamende (zonke izifunda eziyisishiyagalolunye) u-Ulster nomunye kulo lonke elase-Ireland, kokubili basebenza ndawonye. I-Cavan , iDonegal ne- Monaghan badutshulwe kamuva ePhalamende lase-Ulster ... babhekwa njengengozi kwivoti yama-Unionist. Lokhu empeleni kwasungula ukwahlukana njengoba kuqhubeka kuze kube namuhla.
Ngo-1920 uMthetho weHulumeni wase-Ireland wadluliswa, ngo-May 1921 ukhetho lokuqala lwabanjelwa eNyakatho ye-Ireland kanti iningi labakwa-Unionist labeka ubukhulu besikhathi esidala. Njengoba kulindeleke ukuthi iPhalamende laseNorthern Ireland (ehlezi e-Presbyterian Assembly College kuze kube yilapho ishukuthela eStormond Castle ngo-1932) yenqaba isabelo sokujoyina i-Irish Free State.
Imiphumela ye-Irish Partition for Tourists
Nakuba kuze kube seminyakeni embalwa edlule ukusuka eRiphabhuliki kuya eNyakatho kungenzeka ukuthi kuhilele ukuseshwa okuphelele nemibandela yokuhlola, umngcele namuhla awubonakali. Kubuye futhi kungalawuliwe, ngoba azikho izindawo zokuhlola ngisho nezibonakaliso!
Kodwa-ke, kusekhona ezinye izinkinga, ngoba izivakashi kanye nama-check-check zihlala zikhona. Futhi nge-specter ye-Brexit, ukuhoxiswa kwe-UK kusuka e-EU, ukuhamba, izinto zingase zibe nzima nakakhulu kunalokhu:
- I-Northern Ireland isengxenye ye-UK, iRiphabhulikhi ibe yindawo ehlukile - lokhu kusho ukuthi kuzodingeka uhlole imithetho yaseBrithani neye-Ireland yokuthuthela kanye nemithetho ye-visa ngaphambi kokuwela umngcele.
- Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezimali e-Ireland - kuyilapho iRiphabhuliki isebenzisa i-Euro, i-Northern Ireland ihlanganisa i-Pound Sterling.
- Uma ushayela e-Ireland udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi izimpawu zomgwaqo zihlukile - ikakhulukazi ukuthi isivinini kanye nemikhumbi ithunyelwa ngamamayela eNyakatho, ngamakhilomitha eRiphabhlikhi.
- Hlola ngenkampani yakho yokuqasha imoto ukuthi empeleni uvunyelwe ukuwela umngcele - izivimbelo ngezikhathi ezithile ziyasebenza.
- Yize iNorth Ireland ingabhekwa njengendawo eyingozi , isimo sokuphepha singase sisho izinyathelo ezingathinteki ngezikhathi ezithile - ukuhamba kwezimoto kubonakala kakhulu.
- Amanani angahlukahluka phakathi kweNyakatho ye-Ireland neRiphabhulikhi - uphethiloli uvame ukubiza kakhulu eNyakatho ngenkathi ukudla kungase kube kubi kakhulu lapho.