Ukulandela ukuqhuma komkhuhlane we-Zika ka-2015, abaningi abahambayo bayazibuza: ingabe kukhona iZika e-Asia?
Ngokuyisisekelo, uZika ubelokhu e-Asia kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala. Ngo-1952, ucwaningo lwezokwelapha lwembula ukuthi amaNdiya amaningi athatha ama-antibodies egazini le-Zika - ubufakazi bokuthi ukuvezwa kwakusenzeke isikhathi eside e-Asia.
Nakuba iZika iqale e-Afrika, bese kuthiwa kamuva e-Asia, kwakunezingqinamba ezingu-14 kuphela eziqinisekisiwe kuze kufike ngo-2007.
Emuva ngaleso sikhathi, igciwane alingabhekwa njengengculazi njenganamuhla.
Ingabe Kukhona Zika E-Asia?
I-epicenter of the recent Zika fever disbreak kubonakala sengathi iLatin America, kodwa abahambi baye baphatha igciwane lonke. Icala elilodwa likaZika laqinisekiswa eThailand ngoFebhuwari 2016. NgoJanuwari 2016, icala elilodwa labikwa eTaiwan; le ndoda yayisuka eThailand.
I-virus yeZika icatshangwa ukuthi yenziwa eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia emuva ngo-1945 kodwa yayingakaze ibhekwe njengenkinga enkulu. Amacala alotshwe e-Indonesia phakathi kuka-1977 no-1978, nokho, kwakungekho ukuqubuka okukhulu.
Ungacabangi ukuthi i-Zika ngokuyisisekelo isongela ezindaweni zasemaphandleni noma ehlathini elijulile. Umswakama we- Aedes aegypti owusakazekayo kanye nomkhuhlane we-dengue empeleni uyathuthuka kangcono ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
Ukuqhuma kwamanje kungase kungabi yi-Asia, kodwa izinyosi ze-Aedes aegypti zigcwele kuwo wonke amazwe ase-Asia; isimo singashintsha ngokoqobo ebusuku.
Ohulumeni base-Asia baye bakhipha izixwayiso zokuhamba futhi bahlola abahamba ngemfiva njengoba befika.
I-CDC yase-United States ixwayise abesifazane kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokukhulelwa ukuyeka ukuhamba ezindaweni ezithintekayo zika. I-WHO ikhuthaza ukuthi imibhangqwana efuna ukukhulelwa kufanele ibale ubulili obuvikelekile kuze kube amasonto ayisishiyagalombili ngemuva kokubuya endaweni yeZika.
Uma owesilisa ekhombisa izimpawu zeZika, imibhangqwana kufanele igweme ubulili obungavimbelwe okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Zigcine unolwazi ngesimo seZika e-Asia ngokuqapha lezi zingosi ezimbili:
- Ikhasi le-World Health Organization le-Zika
- I-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Zika ikhasi
Izimpawu Zika
Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-Zika zithobekile, zingacacile, futhi zingabonakali nakwezinye izigciwane, kuhlanganise nomkhuhlane we-dengue. Uma uhlakulela umkhuhlane omncane ngenkathi uhamba, ungazihlolisisi futhi awukho isidingo sokwesaba! Izifo zesikhashana zivame emgwaqeni futhi zivame ukulethwa ngemuva kokuba amasosha omzimba ethu aphethwe yi-jet lag futhi avulekele amabhaktheriya angajwayelekile ekudleni .
Ukuhlola kwegazi kuphela kungenza uqiniseke ukuthi ngabe ungenwe yini nge-Zika noma cha. Abantu abaningi abaze bahlakulele izimpawu futhi balulame ngaphambi kokubona udokotela.
Izimpawu zikaZika zivela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kokuxhumana futhi kuvame ukucaca ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kweziyisikhombisa:
- Umkhuhlane omncane
- Ukuphathwa ikhanda
- Izigulane ezivuvukalayo
- Rash (amancane, flat, red bumps efana nesimungumungwane)
- Ubuhlungu obuhlangene nobunzima
- Ukukhathala
- I-Conjunctivitis (iso elincane)
Ungakugwema kanjani ukuthola iZika e-Asia?
I-virus ye-Zika isakazwa ngokulunywa kwemiyane. Njengomhambi, indlela engcono kakhulu yokwehlisa iZika ukugwema ukulunywa yizinyosi !
I-WHO isiqinisekisile ukuthi iZika ingasakazeka kubantu kusukela kubantu kuze kube ngabantu ngokuxhumana ngokocansi, nakuba amaqiniso abalulekile (isib. Zika isikhathi eside kangakanani esesimeni, ingabe ingasakazwa ngamathe, njll) namanje ayengekho.
I-Zika ngokuyinhloko ithathwa yizinyosi ze-Aedes aegypti - umiyane ofanayo osaba nomkhuhlane we-dengue e-Asia. Lezi zinyosi zinamabala amhlophe okwenza abahambi ngezinye izikhathi babhekisele kubo ngokuthi "ama-tiger" omiyane. Bakhetha ukuluma ngehora lokusa nokusa, ngakho-ke zivikele ngaphambi kokuphuma ukudla - ikakhulukazi izinyawo nezinyawo zakho. I-CDC incoma ukusebenzisa i-DEET engu-30% noma ngaphansi. Faka isicelo se-DEET ngaphambi kokufaka i-sunscreen.
Ubumyofu obuyi-Aedes aegypti bubuthakathaka obuthakathaka obunamandla, okusho ukuthi aluhambeli kakhulu emanzini aphephile lapho azalwa khona. Eqinisweni, ngaphandle kokusizwa, izinyosi zingavamile ukudlula ngaphezulu kwamamitha angu-400.
Uzozithola zihlala phansi ngaphansi kwamathebula (nakweminye indawo e-shady) ukuze zidle ezinqoleni nezinyawo. Bazala emithonjeni yamanzi, izimbiza zezimbali, izinyoni, izindiza, amathayi amadala, nanoma iyiphi enye indawo kukhona amanzi amile. Yenza ingxenye yakho ukuthutha noma ukuguqula iziqukathi zamanzi ezinamafu angase abe izizathu zokuzalisa umiyane eduze nendawo yokuhlala.
Ukwelashwa kweZika
Okwamanje akakho ukwelashwa noma imithi yokugoma yeZika, nakuba ososayensi kuwo wonke umhlaba bezama ukukhiqiza umgomo. Naphezu kokuba "ukuqala ikhanda" ku-Zika ngenxa yokufana kwayo nezinye i-Flavivirus ezifundwa kahle ezifana ne-yellow fever ne-encephalitis yaseJapane, ukuthola umgomo ngokuhlolwa kwabantu nokutholakala komphakathi kulinganiselwa ukuthi kuthatha okungenani iminyaka eyishumi.
Ukwelashwa kwezifo Zika kuyinto enhle kakhulu. I-WHO iphakamisa ukuphumula, ukuhlala i-hydrated, ne-acetaminophen (ebizwa nge-Tylenol e-US; i-paracetamol kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba) ngokulawula ubuhlungu / ukushisa komkhuhlane. Izimpawu zivame ukwehlisa amandla nokubuya kwamandla ezinsukwini ezingaphansi kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa.
Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zifana ne-dengue fever, futhi ukuphuma kwamanzi kuyingozi kubantu abathintekayo nge-dengue, gwema ukuthatha ama-NSAID anqamule igazi njenge-aspirin. Gcina i-acetaminophen ekuhambeni kwakho kosizo lokuqala lokuqala .