Ngisho nosongo lobuphekula, iYurophu isendaweni ephephile
Ngokuhlaselwa kwakamuva eBelgium naseFrance, kokubili i-European Union ne-United States bahlale beqaphele ukuhlasela kwamaphekula esikhathini esizayo. NgoMashi 3, uMnyango WezeMbuso uphinde wakhipha isixwayiso emhlabeni wonke kubantu baseMelika, bexwayisa ngokuthi "amaqembu amaphekula afana ne-ISIL ne-al-Qaida kanye nalabo ababambisene nabo baqhubeka nokuhlela ukuhlasela okusheshayo eYurophu." Yonke iYurophu, izizwe eziningi - kuhlanganise neBelgium, iFrance, iJalimane neSpain - zihlala zisengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula.
Lezi zinkathazo zaqhamuka lapho abahlaseli abathathu behlasele iziqhumane ezindaweni ezimbili ezihamba phambili endaweni yaseBrussels, inhloko-dolobha yaseBelgium, ngoMashi 22, 2016.
Njengoba ukukhathazeka ukuthi esinye isisasa sisiseduze, kufanele yini ukuthi abahambi emhlabeni wonke baqede ukukhansela iholidi labo laseYurophu? Nakuba imisebenzi yobuphekula isesikhathini esiphezulu kulo lonke elase-European subcontinent, izizwe zasentshonalanga zinerekhodi eliphansi eliphansi lobudlova kunezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Ngaphambi kokukhansela, abahambi kufanele bacabangele zonke izici zokwenza isinqumo esikoleni mayelana nohambo lwabo olulandelayo.
Umlando oqediwe wobuphekula banamuhla eYurophu
Kusukela ngo-Septemba 11 Ukuhlaselwa e-United States, izwe liye laqapha kakhulu ngenxa yokuphatha ubuphekula. Nakuba i-America ibhekene nokukhathazeka ngokukhethekile nokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula, iYurophu nayo yabona iqhaza layo elihle lokuhlaselwa. Ngokusho kwedatha eqoqwe yi- The Economist , abaseYurophu basinda ekuhlaseleni kwamaphekula angu-23 okubangela ukufa kwabantu ababili noma ngaphezulu phakathi kuka-2001 noJanuwari 2015.
Ngokuhlaselwa kwakamuva kakhulu eBelgium, eDenmark naseFrance, le namba isuke yathuthela ku-26.
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi akusilo lonke ukuhlaselwa okuqhutshwa yizingqikithi zenkolo. Kuhlanganisa nokuhlaselwa kwakamuva kakhulu eFrance naseBelgium, abaqede amaSulumane abathintekayo bavele bafuna ukuhlaselwa okungu-11, okumele kube yingxenye engaphansi kwesigamu sobudlova.
Kulabo, ukuhlaselwa okubulalayo kwakuyi- bombingue yaseMadrid ngo-2004, ukuhlaselwa komphakathi kuLondon ngo-2006, nokuhlaselwa kwamuva kuFrance naseBelgium. Zonke ezinye zahlukaniswa phakathi kwezimiso zezombusazwe, ukunyakaza kwehlukanatist, noma izizathu ezingaziwa.
IYurophu ifanisa kanjani kwezinye izindawo?
Naphezu kokuhlaselwa kwezigidi ezingu-1.6 ngonyaka, i-European subcontinent ihamba ngaphansi kwenani labantu emhlabeni jikelele. Ihhovisi leZizwe Ezihlangene LamaDakamizwa Nobugebengu (UNODC) Global Study on Ukuzibulala lathola inani laseYurophu lokubulala kwabantu kuphela lalingu-3.0 kuphela kubantu abayi-100 000. Isibalo somhlaba wonke sokubulala wabantu abangu-6.2 kubantu abayi-100,000, kanti ezinye izindawo zibeka phezulu engozini. Amazwe aseMelika (kufaka phakathi i-United States) ahola umhlaba nge-16.3 yokubulala abantu abangu-100 000, kuyilapho i-Afrika inabantu abangu-12.5 ababulala abantu abangu-100 000.
Ngokuqondene nokuhlaselwa komuntu nomuntu, izizwe zaseYurophu nazo zibalwa ngokuphepha ngokulandelana. I-UNODC ichaza ukuhlasela njengokuthi "... ukuhlaselwa ngokomzimba emzimbeni womunye umuntu obangela ukulimala komzimba okukhulu." Ngo-2013, i-United States ibike ukuhlaselwa okukhulu emhlabeni , kubhalisa okungaphezu kuka-724,000 ukuhlasela - noma 226 kubantu abayi-100,000. Nakuba bobabili iJalimane ne-United Kingdom bobabili babekwe phezulu ngokuhlaselwa, izinombolo zabo zazingaphansi kakhulu kunezinye izizwe emhlabeni jikelele.
Ezinye izizwe ezibika inani eliphezulu lokuhlaselwa zihlanganisa iBrazil, India, Mexico, naseColombia .
Ingabe kuphephile ukuya eYurophu ngomoya nomhlabathi?
Nakuba amaphekula aseBelgium ayebhekene nezindawo zokuhamba zomphakathi, kuhlanganise neBrussels Airport kanye nesiteshini sesitimela, izithuthi zomhlaba jikelele ezihamba phambili zihlala ngendlela ephephile yokubona izwe. Ukuhlaselwa kokugcina kwamaphekula phakathi kwezindiza zezokuhweba kwenzeka ngo-Okthoba 31, 2015, ngenkathi indiza yaseMetroJet yaseRussia iqhunywe ibhomu ngemuva kokuphuma eGibhithe. Ngenxa yalokho, izindiza eziningi zaseYurophu zanciphisa kakhulu amashejuli abo eza ezikhungweni zezindiza zaseGibhithe.
Ukugcina ukuzama ukuqhuma ibhomu e-Europe kuya e-United States kwenzeka ngo-2009, lapho u-Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab oneminyaka engu-23 ubudala ezama ukuvimbela ukuqhuma kwepulasitiki efihliwe ezembatho zakhe zangaphansi.
Nakuba iminyaka esilandelayo ithola inani elikhulayo lezikhali ezizama ukudlulisa iphuzu lokuhlola lokuThutha kwezokuPhathwa kwezokuThutha , esinye ukuhlaselwa kwendiza yezohwebo akukaze kwenzeke.
Ngokuphathelene nokuhamba komhlaba emhlabeni jikelele, ukuphepha kusekhona okukhathazayo okuyinhloko. Ngokusho kwedatha eqoqwe uMnyango WezokuThutha wase-United States, isigameko esikhulu sokugcina esiteshini sezokuthutha umphakathi ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa kweBrussels eMadrid, eSpain. Abantu abangaphezu kuka-1 500 balimala ngenxa yokuqhuma kwamabhomu.
Yize ukukhathazeka kwezinsongo kubathwali abavamile kungokoqobo, abahambi kufanele baqaphele ukuthi lezi zimo aziyona ingxenye evamile yokuphila kwansuku zonke . Labo abaqaphela ukwesaba okukhulu ngaphakathi kwenkampani yenethiwekhi yomphakathi kumele baxhumane nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo ngezinkinga zabo, futhi balungise uhlelo lokuphepha ngaphambi kokugibela ibhodi.
Yiziphi izinketho zami zokukhansela iholidi laseYurophu?
Uma uhambo lubhuliwe, izinketho zabahambi zokukhansela zikhawulelwe izici eziningi. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka isigameko esiqinisekisiwe, kunezindlela eziningana abahambi abangashintsha izinhlelo zabo ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuhamba.
Abagibeli abathenga ithikithi eligcwele lokugibela (ngezinye izikhathi elibizwa ngokuthi "Ithikithi Y") banokushintshashintsha kakhulu uma kuziwa ekuhambeni kwabo. Ngaphansi kwale migomo yokuhamba, abahambi bangashintsha uhambo lwabo ngezindleko eziphansi, noma bakhansele uhambo lwabo lokubuyisela imali. Kodwa-ke, ohlangothini olungezansi lokukhipha umklomelo okhokhelwayo ngokugcwele kuyintengo: Ithikithi eligcwele lokukhokha lingabiza kakhulu kunelabo abathengela ithikithi lomnotho wesaphulelo.
Enye indlela ihlanganisa ukuthenga umshuwalense wokuhamba ngaphambi kohambo. Njengoba inqubomgomo yomshuwalense wokuhamba ifakwe, abahambayo bathola izinzuzo zokukhansela uhambo lwabo lapho kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo, babuyiselwe izindleko ezithintekayo ngenxa yokulibaziseka kokuhamba, noma ukuvikela umthwalo wabo ngaphakathi kwendiza. Yize izimo eziningi ezivamile zihlanganiswa nomshuwalense wokuhamba, izincazelo zabo ezibangelwayo zinganciphisa. Ezinkambisweni eziningi, ukuhamba kungabamba kuphela isigatshana sabo sobuphekula uma lesi sigameko simenyezelwa ukuhlasela kwegunya likazwelonke .
Ekugcineni, uma kwenzeka isigameko samaphekula, izindiza eziningi zinganikeza abahambi ithuba lokukhansela noma ukushintsha izinhlelo zabo. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlaselwa kweBrussels, zonke izindiza ezintathu ezinkulu zaseMelika zanikeza abantu abahamba ngezinyawo ngezindiza zabo, bebanika ukuguquguquka okuqhubekayo ekuqhubekeni kohambo lwabo noma ukuwakhansela ngokuphelele. Ngaphambi kokuthembela kule nzuzo, abahambi kufanele bahlole ngezindiza zabo ukuze bafunde kabanzi mayelana nenqubomgomo yabo yokukhansela.
Ngingakuvikela kanjani iholide lami laseYurophu?
Ochwepheshe abaningi basikisela ukuthi abagibeli kufanele bacabangele ukuthenga umshuwalense wokuhamba ngaphambi kokuphumula kwabo, ukuze bakhulise ukuvikelwa kwabo. Ezimweni eziningi, abahambayo kakade banomshwalense wezinga lokuhamba uma bebhuka uhambo lwabo ekhadini lesikweletu elihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwabathengi . Uma kungenjalo, kungase kube yisikhathi sokucabangela ukuthenga uhlelo lomshuwalense wokuhamba ngomuntu wesithathu.
Okulandelayo, wonke umuntu ohambahamba kufanele acabangele uhlelo lokuphepha lwakhe ngaphambi kokuhamba futhi ngenkathi efika khona. Uhlelo lokuphepha lomuntu siqu kufanele lubandakanye ukudala ikhamera yokubhekana nokuhamba ngezinyawo ezibalulekile, ukubhalisela uHlelo lokuBhaliswa kwabasebenzi be-Smart Traveler Programme (STEP), nokugcina izinombolo eziphuthumayo zokuya endaweni. Abahambi kufanele futhi basindise inani le-ambassy yabo eliseduzane, futhi baqaphele ukuthi yini i-consulates yendawo ingakwazi futhi ingakwazi ukuhlinzeka izakhamuzi ngenkathi ephesheya.
Okokugcina, labo abathintekayo ngokuphepha kwabo bonke kufanele bacabangele ukuthenga inqubomgomo yomshwalense wokuhamba nge Khansela nganoma yisiphi isizathu ngaphambi kokuhlela kwabo uhambo. Ngokwengeza i-Khansela nganoma yisiphi inqubomgomo ye-Reason, abahambi bangathola imali encane yokukhokhela izindleko zabo zokuhamba uma benquma ukungena ohambweni. Ukuze uthole isiqiniseko esengeziwe, iningi lemishwalense yomshuwalense wokuhamba izokhokhisa imali eyengeziwe yokwengeza Khansela nganoma yisiphi isizathu futhi udinga abahambi ukuthi bathenge izinhlelo zabo ezinsukwini ezingu-14 kuya kwezingu-21 zokuhamba kwabo kokuqala.
Nakuba kungekho muntu ongaqinisekisa ukuphepha, abahambi bangathatha izinyathelo eziningi zokuphatha ukuphepha kwabo phesheya. Ngokuqonda izinsongo zamanje eYurophu kanye nesimo sonke njengoba sikhona, abagibeli bamanje bangenza isiqiniseko ukuthi benza izinqumo ezihamba phambili zokuhamba kwabo manje nasesikhathini esizayo.