Umphayona Wamafilimu Ne-Prolific Inventor Uguqule ama-Park nama-Movie Industries
Uma uke wakha indiza enyangeni ye-Endor ku-Disney's Star Tours noma u-Gru nge- Dispicable Me Minion Mayhem emaPaki , u-Douglas Trumbull ukubonga.
Ngesikhathi engabandakanyeka ngokuqondile nokukhangwa, kwakunguTrumbull owaqamba umqondo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokugibela ukuhamba kwe-simulator okwenze ukuba kwenzeke. Wabona amandla okuzilibazisa ezenzakalweni zendiza zezokuhweba ezisetshenziselwa ukuqeqesha abashayeli bezindiza futhi wakha ukuhamba kwe-simulator yokuqala embonini.
Ukuqalwa kwakhe kokuqala komhlaba kwenzelwe inkathi entsha yezinto ezikhangayo ezisekelwe emidlalweni emapaki nakwezinye izindawo.
Ngaphandle kwezimoto ezihamba phambili, ukuthambekela kukaTrumbull okuqhubekayo nefilimu kanye nesifiso sakhe sokuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa amasu asetshenziselwa ukuthatha futhi ukudlala izithombe ezihambayo kuye kwaholela ekuhambeni ukuya kuye, njengoba ethi, "ukwenza okuqukethwe kungabonakali nakancane." Ngendleleni, uhlaziye ezinye izici ze-movie ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu futhi wahlakulela ubuchwepheshe obunembile obuba nemiphumela ejulile yamapaki wezingqikithi nokuzijabulisa okuhambisana nawo.
Hlola iPodcast Yonyaka Yonyaka, noDoug Trumbull, engangihlanganyela kuyo. Ukhuluma kabanzi ngomsebenzi wakhe omude kanye nobuchwepheshe bakhe obusha.
Iminyaka Yokuqala
Wazalwa ngo-1942 eLos Angeles, eCalifornia, uTrumbull wathonywa ngokufanayo nguyise, onjiniyela kanye nomuntu ongenamakhelwane, futhi unina, umculi. Banikeza i-DNA ekahle nemvelo ukuthuthukisa indlela kaThbull ye-techno-art yokusebenza.
Wadla amanoveli esayensi engamanga njengomncane. U-Trumbull ubukele ngokulindela okukhulu njengoba iDisneyland yakhiwe futhi yajabulela ukuvakashela ipaki ngemuva kokuthi ivulekele. Wathandeka kakhulu ngombukiso wokuqala, i-Art of Animation , futhi wathandwa yi-amathuba okudala amaphephandaba amahle.
Uthi: "Ukwenza imidwebo iphile futhi ngibahambise, bekufana nezulu kimi," usho kanje.
Ngemva kokuthatha izifundo zobuciko ekolishi lomphakathi, umsebenzi wokuqala kaTrumbull wawuse-studio yefilimu eyaveza izithombe ze-NASA. Ngenye yezinhlelo zakhe, wasiza ukuthuthukisa ukukhangiswa kwe-NASA, To the Moon and Beyond , ngo- 1964 iNew York World Fair . Ifakwe ku- Cinerama 360 , ifomethi yesipredishithi sokuqala, futhi ifakwe ku-dome. U-Arthur C. Clarke nombumbi wefilimu uStanley Kubrick babona ukukhangwa, futhi uKubrick waqasha inkampani uTrumbull eyayisebenzela ukusiza ukuklama imiklamo ekhethekile yefilimu yakhe eyimfihlakalo yezesayensi, 2001: A Space Odyssey .
I-Hollywood Special Effects Maven
U-Trumbull wazikhulumela emsebenzini osebenza ngokuqondile kuBubrick futhi, phakathi neminyaka engama-20, waqeda ukuhlola imiphumela ebonakalayo ngo- 2001 . Wathuthukisa isithombe esisha slot-scan esetshenziselwa ukulandelana kwefilimu ye-Stargate Corridor evelele. U-Trumbull ubheka umqondisi owedlule umbonisi nomqondisi. "Ukusebenzisana noKubrick kwangibonisa ukuthi ifilimu ingaba yisipiliyoni esiqondile - ukuthi izilaleli zingaba yingxenye yefilimu," usho kanje. "Wasebenzisa wonke ubuchwepheshe obutholakalayo ngo- 2001 , kuhlanganise ne-Cinerama, izikrini ezinkulu ze-wraparound, umsindo we-stereo wesiteshi esithandathu-noma ngabe uthathe ukuthini izethameli zibe isikhala."
Ukusebenza nabanye abaqondisi abanethonya elikhulu eHollywood, uTrumbull wadala imiphumela yezinye zefilimu zabo ezinkulu. Izikweletu zakhe zihlanganisa Ukuhlangana Okumfushane kohlobo lwesithathu ku-Steven Spielberg, i- Blade Runner ye-Ridley Scott, ne- Star Trek: I-Motion Picture ne -Andromeda Strain ye-Robert Wise. Wabuye wakhiqiza futhi waqondisa amafilimu akhe, kufaka phakathi ukuthuma okulindile kanye ne- Brainstorm .
Buyela ezokuvakasha
Ngo-1972, u-Trumbull waqala ukubambisana nentuthuko neParamount Pictures ukuhlola ubuchwepheshe obusha nokuthuthukiswa kwefilimu. Udale i-Showscan, inqubo ebonisa ama-movie kuma-ozimele angu-60 ngomzuzwana esikhundleni samafomethi angu-24 ngomzuzwana. Esikhathini sesilinganiso sezinga eliphezulu, izinkinga ezifana nokufiphaza nokushaya ziyancishiswa noma ziqedwa, futhi izithombe zikhuni, zicacile, futhi "zingokoqobo".
I-Brainstorm kwakufanele ibe yinto yokuqala yokudutshulwa kwefilimu futhi iboniswe besebenzisa i-Showscan, kodwa ukukhiqizwa kubhekane nobunzima obuningi kuhlanganise nokulahlekelwa okungazelelwe kwenkanyezi yayo, uNatalie Wood, owashona ngaphansi kwezimo ezisolisayo. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwambamba uTrumbull, futhi waphinde wasuka ebhizinisini lamabhayisikobho bendabuko. Imax icwecwe Showscan njengendlela evamile yokubukeka kwesikrini, ephumelela ngokuqeda i-Showscan njengendlela yobuchwepheshe bezinga eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe obuhle. (Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kamuva uTrumbull wathenga i-Imax nabanye abatshala izimali, futhi yasiza ukwandisa ama-movie eseshashalazi amakhulu futhi wenza ukuba kufinyeleleke kumafilimu omculo.)
Ukugxila esikhundleni ezindaweni ezikhethekile, uTrumbull waxosha isifiso sakhe sokuqeda izithiyo phakathi kwezilaleli namafilimu. Ngo-1974, ngenkathi eseParamount, wakhetha futhi wabonisa umboniso wokuhamba nge-simulator yokuqala. Wabuyela kulo mqondo ngo-1985 futhi waqala i- Tour of the Universe , evuliwe eToronto futhi kwaba yilapho kuqala ukuhamba nge-simulator okwenziwe umphakathi. Ngokusungula uhlobo lohlobo nokubonisa ukuthi lukhona, u-Trumbull wavula umnyango wokugibela kuphela ukuhamba kwezimoto ze-simulator, kodwa konke okukhangayo okunamandla, okusekelwe emidlalweni.
I-Universal Studios Florida yaletha iTrumbull ekuqondiseni ifilimu futhi yasize ekuthuthukiseni ukukhanga kwayo kwe-simulator, emuva ku-Future ... I-Ride , evule ngo-1991. Ukugibela kwakuyi-hit esheshayo futhi yasiza ukushintsha isithombe nesinxeba senkinga- ipaki elinezinkinga. Ukukhangwa, okudutshulwa ngo-70mm futhi okwenzelwe i-Omnimax dome, nayo yavuleka ekudumiseni okukhulu ku- Universal Studios Hollywood . Emuva Esikhathini Esizayo ... I-Ride isivele ivaliwe, kanti i-Simpsons Ride ithathe indawo yalo.
Maphakathi nawo-1990, uTrumbull nenkampani yakhe yaseMassachusetts yakha izinto ezintathu ezikhangayo iLuxor Hotel neCasino eLas Vegas. (Lokhu kwakungumzamo we-Sin City ongahlosiwe ukuzilungisa ngokwakho njengomndeni oya khona.) Izinto ezikhangayo zatshela indaba eqondile, kepha zasebenzisa amasu amathathu ahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukuhamba kwe-simulator ukuhamba ngefilimu yama-48 ozimele ngamabili, i-Showscan i-movie eyabekwa njengephrezentheshini bukhoma (okuyinto okungenani idonshulwe ngezinga eliphakeme lokukhohlisa izinga), ne-"Theater of the Future," ebonisa isikrini esikhulu, esiqondile kanye nefilimu engu-48 yama-second-second nge-VistaVision. Okukhangayo sekuvaliwe.
Ikusasa libukeka likhanyayo
Uyaqhubeka nokushisa imigwaqo futhi aqhubekele ama-envelope e-film and attraction technology ku-Trumbull Studios yakhe. Uhlola futhi aguqule yonke into eguquguqukayo ekuphishekeleni ukuphelela kwe-cinematic. UTrumbull uthi: "Uma ufuna ukuqinisa isimiso sezinzwa zesintu ukuthi lokho okubonayo kungokoqobo," kusho uTrumbull, "udinga konke ukuxazulula, ukukhanya konke, isilinganiso sefreyimu, nakho konke ongakwenza ukuze wenze kube sengathi iwindi phezu kweqiniso. "
Ukuze usize ukwenza izithombe ezicacisiwe (inkinga evamile ngamathimitha avamile we-movie yizimo zabo eziphansi, ezingenza izithombe ezidaka), uye wagxila kokubili abaprojekthi kanye nezikrini. Ngokusebenzisa isikrini se-Torus, esinekhono lobuchwepheshe bokugcoba futhi ligobile, u-Trumbull uyakwazi ukuqondisa kabusha ukukhanya okuklanyelwe emuva kuzilaleli, ngaleyo ndlela enze ukukhanya okuphumelelayo kukhanye. Ubuye wakhela uhlelo lokubonisa ukubuyiselwa kwe-retinal oludlula izikrini ngokuphelele futhi luzothumela izithombe ngokuqondile emehlweni ababukeli. Ezinye izinto ezintsha zihlanganisa i-crane yokuvuthwa kwe-zero ukuthi abashayeli bekhamera bangahamba ngokuzikhandla. Ifakwe izinzwa ezikhethekile ezilandelela ukunyakaza kwayo futhi, uma zihlanganiswa nesistimu ye-Patumbented, ikwazi ukukhiqiza isethi sangemuva sangempela ngesikhathi sangempela.
Kodwa ukuthuthukiswa okuthakazelisayo kunazo zonke uMagi, umzamo kaTrumbull wakamuva ekutheni ubuchwepheshe besilinganiso sezinga eliphezulu. Ihlanganisa i-3D, isinqumo esingu-4K, nama-120 ozimele ngomzuzwana - 120! - ukuletha okuhlangenwe nakho okuza ngokuphawulekayo nomgomo wakhe wokuqeda ukuhlukana phakathi kwezindaba kanye nezingokoqobo. U-Trumbull uthemba ukuvumela i-teknoloji kubakhi befilimu kanye nabaklami abakhangayo.
Isixhumanisi esibuthakathaka ezikhangayo ezisekelwe emithonjeni ivame ukuba abezindaba ngokwazo. Okuhlangenwe nakho okunjengoHarry Potter omuhle we- Univerithi kanye nohambo olungavunyelwe kuzobe luphawuleka nakakhulu ngokusebenzisa inqubo yeMagi. Ukushintsha ukulandelana okufingqiwe okumnyama nokumnyama okufakwe nge-hyper-real-frame-rate imagery kungenza ukugijima okungaphezulu kwamanzi.
I-Trumbull iphinda ihlakulele ama-Magi Pods, amashayetha asetshenziselwe ukubonisa ubuchwepheshe befilimu entsha. Uthemba ukuthengisa amathiyetha ezindaweni ezikhethekile, kufaka phakathi amapaki amathikithi. Amathiyetha angase abe nokuqukethwe okupaki kwepaki (njenge-Looney Tunes noma i-Justice League media kwizindawo eziyisithupha ze-Flags) noma ama-movie-jikelele wezethameli ezikhiqizwa ngu-Trumbull. Ubuye ahlole izenzakalo ezikhethekile ezifana nemikhosi yamaMagi ecela abaqondisi ukuba babonise amafilimu amasha ngezemidlalo ezidumile, umculo, noma ezinye izinhlobo.