Umdwebo Omfushane Wama-Biography of the First Nobel Prize Ireland
UWilliam Butler Yeats, owaziwa kakhulu njengeWBYeats, wayengubani? Ngokuvamile okushiwo abalandeli bakaKeats (isibongo se-WB sisho kahle "ama-Yayts", hhayi "ama-Yeets"), wazalwa ngoJuni 13, 1865, wafa ngoJanuwari 28, 1939.
Namuhla, ukhunjulwa ngokuthi "imbongi yesizwe" yase-Ireland (nakuba engabhalanga ngolimi lwesizwe), futhi wabheka njengomunye wezibalo ezivelele zolimi lwesiNgisi ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.
Futhi naye wayengumlandeli wokuqala wase-Ireland weNobel Prize in Literature (ngo-1923, kamuva ama-laureate ase-Ireland ayenguGeorge Bernard Shaw, uSamuel Beckett noSeamus Heaney) - ekhonjiswa "ngezinkondlo zakhe eziphefumulelwe njalo, ngendlela efakwe ngobuciko ukukhuluma emoyeni wesizwe sonke ".
Emazweni angaphandle, naphezu kokuba yiDublin futhi ehlala phesheya isikhathi eside, uhlala ehlangene noSligo ... indawo eyabhala okuningi kokubhala kwayo.
Ama-WBYezincwadi nezincwadi
Nakuba ezalwa futhi efundiswa eDublin , uWilliam Butler Yeats wachitha izingxenye eziningi zobuntwana bakhe kude naseStell Sligo . Ekwazisa nokutadisha izinkondlo zase zisencane, wayethandeka kakhulu izinganekwane zase-Ireland kanye "nemimoya" ngokuvamile kusukela esemncane. Lezi zihloko ezinye zezwe zifaka kakhulu esigabeni sakhe sokuqala sobuciko, siphela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka. I-Yeats iqoqo lokuqala lezinkondlo lanyatheliswa ngo-1889 - izinkondlo ezisheshayo, izingqungquthela zomsindo ezikhombisa u-Elizabethan nemithonya yamaRoma, njengo-Edmund Spenser, uPercy Bysshe Shelley, no-Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.
Kusukela ngo-1900, izinkondlo ze-Yeats zenziwe kusukela ekuziphatheni komzimba kuya ekuziphatheni okukhulu, okuyiqiniso. Ukulahla ngokweqile izinkolelo eziningi ezingapheliyo zeminyaka yakhe yangaphambili, wayesalubonisa isithakazelo esikhulu kokubili "emasikini" angokwenyama nangokomoya, kanye nezinkolelo zempilo zokuphila.
Yeats futhi yaba enye ye (uma kungenjalo) ebaluleke kakhulu ku-Irish Literary Revival. Kanye nabantu abanomqondo ofana noGrace Gregory no-Edward Martyn wasungula i-Dublin ye-Abbey Theatre, njengendawo yaseshashalazini kazwelonke yase-Ireland (1904). Wasebenza njengomqondisi we-Abbey iminyaka eminingi. Amageyimu amabili okuqala awakhiwe ku-Abbey (kanye nedlalwa nguDonald Gregory "emalini amathathu") yayinguJeats ' On The Baile sikaStrand noCathleen Ní Houlihan .
Ukukhuluma ngokucacile, i-WBYeyi ingomunye wabalobi abambalwa ababhala futhi bakhicilela imisebenzi yabo emihle ngemuva kokunikezwa umklomelo weNobel, ikakhulukazi iT Tower (1928) kanye neThe Winding Stair nezinye iziNkondlo (1929).
IZINDLELA - Ukuphila Nothando
UWilliam Butler Yeats wazalwa emndenini wase-Anglo-Irish Dublin. Ubaba wakhe uJohn Yeats ufunda umthetho ekuqaleni, ukushiya lokhu ukutadisha ubuciko eLondon. Umama kaYean Mary Pollexfen uvela emndenini ongumthengisi waseSligo ocebile. Wonke amalungu omndeni wakhetha imisebenzi yobuciko - umfowabo uJack njengomdwebi, odadewabo u-Elizabeth noSusan Mary ku-Arts and Crafts Movement. Njengamalungu e-(ekunciphiseni) i-Ascendancy yamaProthestani, umndeni we-Yeats wawusekela i-Ireland eguqukayo, noma ngabe imvuselelo yobuzwe yayiphatha kabi ngokuqondile.
Izentuthuko zezombangazwe nezenhlalakahle zaba nomthelela ojulile kwizinkondlo ze-Yeats, ukuhlola kwakhe kwe-Irish ukubonakalisa izikhathi nezimo zengqondo eziguqukayo. Ngisho nalapho ebhala ngokuthi "thina isi-Irish", leli gama elibandakanya ngokuvamile izimbiza ngandlela-thile emlandweni onelungelo.
Ngaphandle kwemibandela yakhe emibili njengeSenator yase-Ireland, futhi ama-dabblings akhe amangalisayo neTheosophy, Rosicrucianism, ne-Golden Dawn ... okushiwo ezingqondweni zabantu abaningi yi-Yeats 'convoluted, curious love-life.
Ngo-1889 wahlangana noMaud Gonne, u-heiress ocebile nesithonjana sikazwelonke. Nobuhle ebusheni bakhe. Yeats 'wawela ngaye ngendlela enkulu, kodwa u-Maud Gonne wakwenza kucacile ukuthi umlingani wakhe kufanele abe, okokuqala, u-Nationalist ovelele. Ngomnyaka we-1891, udla nanyana kunjalo uhlathulula umtjhado, kodwana ukukhutjhwa - emva kwalokho wabhala ukuthi "ukukhathazeka kokuphila kwami kwaqala".
Kubonakala sengathi ayitholi ngempela umlayezo, Uyadla futhi umshado ohlongozwayo ngo-1899, 1900 no-1901, kuphela ozonqatshwa futhi, futhi futhi futhi. Lapho u-Maud Gonne ekugcineni eshada uMnuz John MacBride ngo-1903, imbongi yabe yashaya indiza. Wazama ukuhlekisa uMacBride nakuba yizinhlamvu nezinkondlo, futhi wagxila ekuguqulweni kukaMaud Gonne ebuKatolika.
Udla wabe esethola uhlangothi lwakhe lokuqonda, futhi wahamba konke okuthinta inhliziyo, lapho u-Maud Gonne emvakashela khona ngokududuzeka ... njengoba umshado wakhe usuphelile kahle enhlekeleleni, ngemuva kokuzalwa kwendodana (Sean MacBride). Nakuba ubusuku bobusuku obuphakathi kukaJeats no-Maud Gonne laba ize.
Ngo-1916, futhi ngo-51, i-Yeats yayifuna ukuthola ingane. Unqume ukuthi kwakuyisikhathi sokushada, ngokwemvelo ngokuphindaphindiwe ukucela u-Maud Gonne osekhulile (owayesanda kuba ngumfelokazi waseBrithani ngokudubula ngesikhathi kulandela i- Easter Rising ). Ngesikhathi ebuyela emuva futhi, Udla ukushintshela kuhlelo lwakhe olubi kakhulu B ... isinqumo somshado ku-Iseult Gonne, indodakazi ka-Maud eneminyaka engu-21 ubudala. Lokhu nakho kwaba yize, ngakho-ke u-Yeats wagcina esezikhulile (kodwa engama-25 engaphansi kwengxenye yobudala bakhe) uGeorgie Hyde-Lees ... futhi kumangaze wonke umuntu akazange amukele kuphela, kodwa umshado ubonakala usebenze kahle .
I-WBYizwe Nezepolitiki
Naphezu komlando wakhe womndeni, Yeats wayengumNumzane wase-Irish - enesifiso esinamandla sokuthi "indlela yokuphila yendabuko". Ekuqaleni wabonisa umoya wezinguquko (ngisho nokuba yilungu lamaqembu e-paramilitary), kodwa maduzane wazihlukanisa nezombusazwe ezishisayo. Ukuqala kwakhe okungewona impendulo ku-Easter Rising, ukuyikhuluma kuphela ngezinkondlo kuma-1920, bekutshela.
Yeats wamiswa ku- Seanad Eireann wokuqala , i-Irish Senate , ngo-1922 - wabe eseqokwa kabusha okwesikhashana kwesibili ngo-1925. Iminikelo yakhe eyinhloko yayisempikiswaneni ngesahlukaniso, lapho asolwa khona abefundisi bakaKatolika nabamaKatolika bokubuyisela " eSpain ephakathi ". Ukudonsa ama-punch, wathi "umshado awusiwo isakramente, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, uthando lomuntu wesifazane nowesifazane, kanye nesifiso esingokomzimba esingenakulinganiswa, singcwele. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa kusifikile ngefilosofi yasendulo izincwadi zanamuhla, futhi kubonakala ngathi into ehlambalaza kakhulu ukukholisa abantu ababili abazonda ukuhlala ndawonye ". Naphezu kwalokhu kuhlasela okudumazayo, isehlukaniso sasilokhu singekho emthethweni e-Ireland kuze kube ngu-1996. Futhi ungase ufunde phakathi kwemigqa, uthola ukukhungatheka kwakhe ngamalungiselelo omshado ka Maud Gonne ...
Ngaphansi kwesimo sezombangazwe jikelele emva kweMpi Yezwe Yomhlaba, i-Wall Street Crash, ne-Great Depression, i-Yeats yaba nokungabaza ngokwengeziwe ngezinhlobo zenkululeko yentando yeningi futhi ilindele ukuvuselelwa kweYurophu ngokubusa kombuso. Ubuhlobo bakhe no-Ezra Pound bammisa ezombusazwe zikaBenito Mussolini, Yeats eveza ukuhlonishwa kwe "Il Duce" ngezikhathi eziningana. Ngaphambi kwekhaya, wabhala "izingoma ezintathu ezihambayo" ze-Irish Blueshirts , iqembu elikhulu (fascist splinter group) eliholwa nguGeneral Eoin O'Duffy.
Ukufa, Ukungcwaba, Ukuhlukunyezwa
UWilliam Butler Yeats washonela eMenton (France) ngoJanuwari 28, 1939. Ngokwesifiso sakhe wangcwatshwa emva kwenkonzo yomngcwabo eqondayo futhi yangasese eRoquebrune-Cap-Martin - "uma ngifika ngingcwabe khona lapho nangonyaka lapho amaphephandaba engikhohliwe, ngibambe futhi ungitshale eSligo. " Yikuphi okwakungasebenzi, njengoba iMpi Yezwe Yesibili yaqhamuka futhi i-Yeats 'mortal rests yahlala eFrance.
Kuphela ngoSeptemba 1948 iJeats 'ihlala ishukunyiselwa kuDrumcliff (County Sligo) esimweni esixhaswe nguhulumeni - uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle Uphethe umsebenzi, uSean MacBride, indodana ka Maud Gonne. I-yeats 'epitaph ithathwe emigqeni yokugcina yenkondlo yakhe ephansi ngemuva kukaBen Bul Bulben :
Yenza iso elibandayo
Ekuphileni, ekufeni.
Amahhashi, dlula!
Kodwa-ke, kukhona inkinga encane: Yeats kakade wangcwatshwa eFrance, bese bemba futhi, amathambo akhe efakwa ebhokisini, wabe esethunjwa ukuze athumele Ireland. Ama-Forensics yilokho ahlala khona phakathi nawo-1940, ubufakazi bokuthi wonke amathambo, noma ngisho nanoma yikuphi kubo, aphumula ngaphansi kweBen Bulben empeleni yiYeats '... incane kakhulu emhlabathini. Mhlawumbe iphutha elikhulu?
Funniest Yeats Moment Ever
Lokhu kufanele ku-movie "Million Dollar Baby", lapho sibona khona uClint Eastwood ehumusha ama-WBYeats kusukela e-Irish kuya esiNgisi. Kubonakala sengathi akekho owamtshela ukuthi i-Yeats yayingakhulumi i-Irish ngaleyo ndlela, futhi yabhala ngesiNgisi ...
I-Unfunniest Yeats Moment Ever
Isimbongi esisodwa, futhi ngisho ngokoqobo, ngivakashele inqolobane ... njengoba i-WBYeats ivumile ukuthi yayingakaze ibe yindawo yokushicilela, u-Oliver St. John Gogarty wahudula umlingani wakhe eNewer's, enye yezincwadi eziningana zokubhala izincwadi zaseDublin , evulekile I-Baggot Street namuhla. Lapho i-WB yayine-sherry, yamemezela ukuthi yayingenandaba nakho konke okuhlangenwe nakho, futhi yahamba futhi. ngokusobala akalokothi agubha umnyango wesiteshi. Yeka isisindo senjabulo!