Amaqiniso Nge-Glosamate Yama-Monosodium: Ingabe i-MSG iphephile?
Abantu abaningi baphawula ukuthi baphilile ngemva kokudla ukudla okuningi kakhulu kwamaShayina okwakhiwa isikhathi sokuzwa: i-Chinese Restaurant Syndrome.
Ingabe ukukhathala nokukhanda ikhanda kwenzeka ngemuva kokuzibandakanya emgqonyeni we-Chinese owabangelwa yi-MSG, noma ingabe kungaba nje ukuthi udla ukudla okuningi kakhulu - ngokuvamile okuthosiwe ngamafutha anzima - ngesilungiselelo esisodwa?
Iyini iShayina Yokudla KweShayina?
Leli gama laqala ngo-1968 eNew England Journal of Medicine ukuchaza umuzwa jikelele wokungavumi ukuthi abantu bazizwa ngemuva kokudla ukudla okuthile kwe-Asia.
Ukudla kwaseShayina akuyona yedwa umlandu.
I-Monosodium glutamate, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-MSG, ivame ukusola ngokuthi imbangela ye-Chinese Restaurant Syndrome naphezu kwezifundo eziningi sekudlule amashumi eminyaka ehlulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani "elijwayelekile" le-MSG lenza imiphumela ithathwe.
Nakuba kuhle wonke umuntu owaziyo kule ndawo uyaqaphela ukuthi okuningi kwalokho esikubiza ngokuthi "ukudla kwaseShayina" kuma-buffets ashibhile eNtshonalanga akufani neze nokudla okuyiqiniso kwamaShayina , kokubili izinto zangempela nezamazwe aseMelika ngokuvamile ziqukethe inani elikhulu le-MSG.
Inani elikhulu labaseNtshonalanga bayeka ukudla ukudla kwaseShayina ngenxa yendlela abazizwa ngayo kamuva. Yebo, kuvame ukutholakala kwe-MSG ekudleni kwaseShayina, kodwa ungase umangale ukuthola ukuthi i-MSG ingeziwe kokudla okuningi okusetshenziselwa njalo okudliwe eNtshonalanga.
Izimpawu ze-Chinese Restaurant Syndrome
Ngezinye izikhathi abantu babika izimpawu ezilandelayo ngemuva kokwenza uhambo olulodwa kakhulu kakhulu ku-buffet yaseShayina:
- I-Lethargy (ukhathala)
- Inhloko (ikhanda eligcwele)
- Ukuphunga
- Ukoma ngokweqile
- Ubuhlungu besifuba nokuqina
- Ubuso obukhulu
Ingabe i-Chinese Restaurant Syndrome Real?
Nakuba abaningi bekhomba umunwe ku-MSG, abagqugquzeli be-MSG enezondlo zokudla bathi ukuzwa okujwayelekile kokungavumelani kungenxa yokuthi abantu badla ngokweqile kuma-buffets aseShayina, ngokuvamile baxuba ukudla okungabizi futhi okunzima ukugaya okuthosiwe ngamafutha anzima.
Eqinisweni, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi iShayina Restaurant Syndrome kungabangelwa ukudla usawoti owedlulele (MSG yile usawoti) ngenkathi udla ukudla okunzima okuvame ukungabizi.
Abantu abakholelwa ukuthi bayagula kakhulu ku-MSG cishe abalokothi bafune ikhanda elifanayo ngemuva kokudla ukudla kwasemini noma izobho ezidumile ezivame ukuqukethe i-MSG. Labo abakusho ukuzwela ku-MSG bavame ukuveza izinkinga lapho bedla amanye ama-glutamates. I-glutamate ngokwemvelo ivela emangqamuzaneni aphilayo futhi kusiza ukunika ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele kumaqanda, utamatisi, ngisho noshizi obukhali.
Kuze kube yilapho ukuqwashiswa kweWestern kanye nokungahloniphi kwe-MSG kwanda, iningi lezinkampani zokudla zaseMelika zanezela ngokuzenzekelayo i-MSG kuyo yonke into kusuka ezisukweni kuya ekugqoka isaladi. Manje ukuthi abathengi banakelela kakhulu amalebula, i- MSG isasetshenziswa kodwa ivame ukufihla ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukene njengokuthi "imvubelo ye-autolyzed extra" kanye "neprotheyini e-hydrolyzed."
Ucwaningo lwase-Australia lwamavolontiya angu-71 aqinisekisiwe ukuthi azwela ku-MSG anikezwe ukuxuba kwamathebhulethi we-MSG wangempela nama-placebos. Izihloko ezinikezwe i-MSG langempela azibikho imiphumela emibi, kanti labo abanikezwa amaphilisi e-placebo babika ama-syndromes afanayo ayewazwa ngemva kokudla ukudla kwaseChina.
I-MSG iboniswe ukwandisa ukudla ngokukwenza ukudla kunambitheke kakhudlwana futhi kuthinte uhlelo lomzimba lokunciphisa ukudla, ngakho-ke izimpawu zeShayina Restaurant Syndrome zingase zibe ngumphumela wokudla ngokweqile!
Awuboni ukuthi uyadla ngokweqile kuze kube sekupheleni kokudlela.
Kuyini i-MSG?
I-Glutamate i-amino acid eyenzeka ngokwemvelo kukho konke ukudla okuphilayo, kusuka emifino kanye nenyama kuya kubisi lwebele. I-monosodium glutamate iyinsawoti ye-sodium etholakala ekuvutsheni i-glutamic acid. Ama-sushi anezinhlanzi (nori), ushizi we-Parmesan, amakhowe, ngisho no-utamatisi konke okuyingxenye yokuthanda kwabo okuyingqayizivele kusuka emazingeni aphezulu e-glutamate yemvelo.
I-MSG ivame ukudideka njengendlela yokulondoloza, kodwa empeleni, usawoti ojikelezayo futhi ulinganise ama-flavour asevele ekhona ekudleni. Nakuba i-glutamate ayikho iklabhutri eyenziwe futhi iyenzeka yonke imvelo, inani elidliwe uma lisetshenziselwa ukwengeza ukudla ngendlela ye-MSG akuyona yemvelo. I-MSG impela inguqulo eyenziwe, egxilile yalokho okwenza ukudla okuthile kuzwakale kahle endaweni yokuqala, wanezela emuva ukudla okufanayo.
Abaxhasi be-MSG bathi umzimba awukwazi ukutshela umehluko phakathi kwe-monosodium glutamate kanye ne-glutamate ngokwemvelo. Abanye bakhathazeke ngokuthi yikuphi okweqile kwalesi sakhi "semvelo" esenza emzimbeni wethu.
Mhlawumbe ngokungalungile, i-monosodium glutamate ngokuvamile ihlotshaniswa nokudla kwase-Chinese. Kodwa i-MSG empeleni itholakale nguprofesa waseJapan eNyuvesi yaseTokyo ngo-1907. Wabiza ngokuthi iphunga elimnandi lokuthi i-MSG yakhiqiza umami . Ngo-2002, ososayensi bathola ukuthi sinezimpendulo ezizwakalayo olimini lwethu ukuze kube nokuzwa okunengqondo ukuthi i-glutamate ikhiqiza futhi yengeze ngokusemthethweni umami (okwethakazelisayo) njengesihlanu ukunambitheka ukuhambisana nosawoti, usawoti, omuncu, nobaba.
Namuhla, i-MSG yengezwe ngokukhululekile ekudleni nasekudleni eJapane, e-China, eKorea, e-India nase- Southeast Asia . I-MSG ayivuki nje kuphela ekudleni okuvela ema-minimarts amaningi ayi-Eleven angu-7 ; Izitolo zokudlela ezinhle zixhomeke kuyo. Ngisho iningi lezinhlobo ezidumile zaseWesterns zisebenzisa i-flavor enhancer ekudleni, ama-sauces, nokudla okucutshungulwayo.
Ingabe i-MSG iphephile?
Le mpikiswano mayelana nokuphepha kwe-MSG ibilokhu idabula amashumi eminyaka, okwenza ibe yinye yezingxube zokudla ezifundwa kakhulu emlandweni. Naphezu kwezingxenye ezingamaphesenti angu-60 zabantu bomhlaba e-Asia ngenhloso yokudla i-MSG nsuku zonke , lesi sichazamazwi sesiye saba yinto engcolile-yezinhlamvu ezintathu eNtshonalanga. Ngesikhathi abaseNtshonalanga bezimisele ukukhokha okunye okudla okuyisilwane okubiza ukuthi yi-MSG mahhala, ama-Asiya athengisa into ye-powdery emasakeni amakhilogremu amahlanu bese efafaza izitsha eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka!
Ucwaningo olunzulu ngemiphumela ye-MSG luye lwaqhutshwa kusukela ngo-1959, ekugcineni luholela e-FDA, e-European Union, e-United Nations naseWorld Health Organization wonke uhlu lwe-MSG njengesithako sokudla esiphephile. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe yi-European Union lwamemezela ukuthi i-MSG iqinisekiswe ukuthi iphephile kuzo zonke izinsana nabesifazane abakhulelwe.
Njengoba kunjalo njalo, izifundo eziningi ezenziwa zixhasiwe - ngokuqondile noma ngokubambelela - yizinhlangano ezinkulu zokudla ezisebenzisa i-MSG njengendlela engabizi yokuthola umncintiswano ekuncintiswaneni kwabathandanayo.
Ngo-2008, ukusebenzisana kwabacwaningi baseShayina nabamaMelika baxhumene ne-MSG ngokukhuluphala, nokho, ukutadisha kwaseShayina ngonyaka ka-2010 kwakha ukutholakala. Kamuva kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi ama-flavour asetshenzisiwe ekudleni azama abantu ukuba badle ngokweqile, kanti ukoma okubangelwa yi-MSG kuvame ukucinywa ngotshwala noma iziphuzo zoshukela, okuholela ekuzuzeni isisindo. Phela, i-MSG yile usawoti.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwalolo mpikiswano, iJapane - umthengi ngamunye ohola phambili we-MSG - inesikhathi sokuphila eside kunazo zonke emhlabeni kanye namazinga aphansi kakhulu kakhulu emhlabeni!
Nakuba i-chloride ye-sodium (usawoti wetafula) ayisoloko isondelene ngokwemvelo, ihlala isamukeleka kakhulu. Ukwawoti nakho okubangela kakhulu ukucindezelwa kwegazi okungabangela isifo senhliziyo - imbangela ehamba phambili yokufa emhlabeni. I-MSG empeleni iqukethe izikhathi ezintathu ezingaphansi kwe-sodium eyingozi ngaphezu kosawoti wetafula, futhi i-MSG encane iyadingeka kunokolweni usawoti kuze kufike ukudla ngenkathi upheka.
Ukugwema i-MSG e-Asia
Lapho ngicela umdayisi we-noodle eChiang Mai, eThailand , kungani esetshenziselwa ukudla kwe-MSG, wamane waphendula wathi, "ngoba kufanele ngibe khona." Ngamanye amazwi, nabo bonke abancintisana nabo basebenzise i-MSG ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka okunamnandi kokudla, waphoqeleka ukuba enze okufanayo ukuze ancintisane. I-MSG ijika ekudleni okuningi komgwaqo e-Asia , kodwa ungazama ukucela umpheki ukuba angayifaki.
Amanye amathilomu kanye nabanikazi bokudlela babambelele emthonjeni we-anti-MSG eNtshonalanga futhi manje bamemezela "Akukho MSG" enezibonakaliso zokuheha abahamba ngempilo abazimele . Lokhu kungenzeka noma akusho ukuthi ukudla kwabo akukhululekile kwe-MSG. Ngisho noma bengenanga ngenhloso ukungeza i-MSG izitsha, izithako eziningi kanye nezikhathi zokudla (isib. Soy sauce, sauce sauce, ne tofu) abasebenzisa ukulungiselela ukudla kakade ziqukethe izinto.
I-MSG ivame ukungena esikhundleni sosawoti ekudleni kwase-Asia. Ngisho no-salt shakers ematafuleni ezitolo zokudla, futhi iningi le-sauce le-soy, liqukethe i-MSG. Bheka: 10 imibuzo abahamba njalo abahambayo mayelana nokudla e-Asia .
Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi i-MSG ithola icala ngamathambo avamile omhubhe ohambela abahambi abaningi , i-TD ivame ukubangelwa ukuphathwa okungalungile kwama-bacterium.
I-MSG ekuHlaleni kwaseNtshonalanga
Ungacabangi okwesibili ukuthi i-MSG isetshenziselwa kuphela ukudla kwase-Asia. Ukudla okuningi kwe-Western, ukudla okusemathinini, amasoso, ukudla okunomsoco, nesobho kuqukethe i-MSG njenge-flavor enhancer. Uma usudlile isobho sikaCampbell, usudlile i-MSG.
E-European Union, e-Australia naseNew Zealand, i-monosodium glutamate ibonisa amalebula okudla njenge "E621." Isichazamazwi esithi "MSG" ayivumelekile kumalebula okudla e-US; abenzi bokudla kufanele babhale ukuthi isithasiselo sibe "i-monosodium glutamate" futhi bayibhale njengesithako esingeziwe ngaphandle kokujwayelekile ngaphakathi "kwezinkathi kanye nezinongo."
Abantu abakholelwa ngempela ukuthi bayamelana ne-MSG cishe banomthelela ku-glutamic acid namanoni alo ngokujwayelekile. I-Glutamic acid ingaba khona ekudleni okubalulwe njengequkethe:
- amaprotheni yemifino e-hydrolyzed
- imvubelo e-autolyzed
- imvubelo e-hydrolyzed
- imvubelo ikhishwe
- ukhipha ubisi
- amaprotheni ayedwa
- amaprotheni ase-hydrolyzed.
Ama-protein ase-hydrolyzed amaprotheni aye aphulwa ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali angama-amino acids awo angabe enza i-glutamate yamahhala. I-glutamate yamahhala ingaxhunyaniswa ne-sodium esevele ikhona ukuze idale i-MSG ekudleni; lapho lokhu kwenzeka, ukudla akudingeki ngumthetho ukuba ubhalwe ngokuthi unama-MSG.
Ngokuqinisekile, abenzi bokudla banganezela noma yiziphi izithako ezingenhla ukuvumela i-MSG ukuba idale ngokwemvelo ngaphandle kokudinga ukuyibeka njengesithako esongeziwe! Ngisho nemikhiqizo "yemvelo" eqondisa abathengi abaqaphele impilo njalo basebenzisa lezi zinsuku ze-MSG.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, i-MSG idliwe eyedwa yithandeka kabi uma kungekho ukudla okuzokwakha!