I-French National War Emathuneni e-Notre-Dame de Lorette

Amathuna Amakhulu Amadolobha aseFrance

Nakuba amagama eVimy Ridge ne- Wellington Quarry e- Arras eyaziwa kakhulu kwabaseBrithani, baseMelika nabaseCanada, lelo laka-Notre-Dame de Lorette lingajwayelekile. Kutholakala enyakatho yeFrance eduze kwase-Arras, yiyo emathuneni amakhulu aseJudiya asempumalanga, anamasosha angaphezu kuka-40 000, kokubili aziwayo futhi angaziwa eFrance namakholomu akhe angcwatshwe lapha. Kuyinto engavamile ngoba iqukethe kokubili isonto futhi umbhoshongo odumile lantern.

Ingemuva

Izimpi ezintathu zika-Artois ezenzeka ekwindla ka-1914, kanti entwasahlobo nasekwindla ka-1915, kwakukhona ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamaFulentshi namabutho aseJalimane ayebambe le ndawo. Phakathi kweVimy Ridge ne-Notre-Dame de Lorette, amaphuzu amabili aphezulu endaweni esesibhakabhakeni, abeka ezinye izindawo ezinkulu zamaFaily, ezibalulekile empini.

KuFulentshi, empini yesibili phakathi kukaMeyi 9 no-15 lapho amaFrance ezama ukuthatha izintambo ezimbili ze-Artois, kwaba ukunqoba okuncane ngoba baphumelele ekuthatheni i-Notre-Dame. Kodwa ngokusho komuntu kwakuyingozi, kwabulawa amasosha angu-102 000 aseFrance. Ngokuba isiFulentshi kwakunzima njengempi yeVerdun.

Izakhiwo zokwakha amathuna eFrance National War

Amathuna, ephakeme phezulu emagqumeni ashukumisayo, aphezulu futhi angavamile ngoba kunezakhiwo lapha kanye namathuna. Ipaki emnyango futhi uhambe futhi ufike kubo. Ukubhekana nawe ngakwesokunene yi-Lantern Tower ephakathi kwamamitha angu-52.

Ebusuku ibhande layo elinamandla lihambisa ukukhanya ngaphesheya kwethafa elizungezile, kubonakala ngamakhilomitha angama-70 (43.5 miles) kude. Izisekelo zafakwa nguMarshal Petain ngoJuni 19 1921 futhi ekugcineni zaqedwa ngo-Agasti 1925.

Yakhelwe esisekelo esikhulu, okuyinto empeleni i-crypt noma ibhokisi lamasosha angama-8 000 angaziwa angamajoni ezimpini zomhlaba ezimbili nezinye izingxabano zaseFrance nasemakamu okuhlushwa.

Amanye amapheshana ahlakazekile kuwo wonke amathuna. Kuzo zonke, amasosha angaziwa angama-20 000 angcwatshwa lapha.

Kwakuyiqiniso lokuthi abantu babengenakulila emathuneni ngabanye abangela ukuba uMbhishobhi wase-Arras acele ukuthi uhulumeni waseFrance akhe isonto. Ebandleni laseFrance nasezweni lihlukile, futhi azikho izikhumbuzo zenkolo kwamanye amathuna empi aseFrance. Isonto liyizicabha ngaphakathi nangemibala emibalabala kanye nezinkulungwane zezikhumbuzo zezikhumbuzo. Amafasitela ayisithupha anikezwe iBrithani njengesibonga sokuthi izwe laseFrance lanikeza i-Commonwealth War Graves Commission emangcwabeni empi yaseBrithani. I-basilica yenzelwe umklami weLille uLouis-Marie Cordonnier futhi yakhiwa phakathi kuka-1921 no-1927.

Amathuna

Iziphambano ezihamba phambili zilula phambi kwakho ngokucacile kwezempi. Ekhoneni elingasempumalanga kukhona iqoqo elikhulu lama-Muslim amathuna, amasosha avela emaKoloni aseFrance, ikakhulukazi enyakatho ye-Afrika, enezindwangu zamakhanda ahlukahlukene.

Amasosha angu-40 000 aseFrance angcwatshwa lapha. Ngamunye wanikezwa amathuna afanayo, ngaphandle kokuhlukana phakathi kokujwayelekile nokuzimele. Leli gama lincane kakhulu kunamatshe amabhangi aseBrithani, lapho izinhlamvu zombuso ziqoshiwe kanye nezinsuku zokuzalwa nokufa futhi kaningi amagama ambalwa.

Kunezikhathi ezithile amathuna amabili; mhlawumbe enye yezinhlungu kakhulu ingcwaba elibili likaSars, uyise nendodana, labulawa ngonyaka ka-1914 no-1940.

I-Musee Vivante 1914-1918

I-Living Museum ye-Great War ibonisa izithombe, iifomfomu kanye nezigqoko kanye nezindawo ezithakazelisayo zokungcebeleka komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikamelo elilodwa linama-diorama angu-16 abonisa izici ezihlukahlukene zokuphila empini, kusukela ezibhedlela kuya ePhambi. Okokugcina kukhona inkundla yokulwa kabusha yamahlumela aseJalimane naseFrance.

I-Living Museum
Ucingo: 00 33 (0) 3 21 45 15 80
Ukungena 4 euros; I-euro engu-2 yokuvuma
Nsuku zonke ngo- 9 ekuseni kuya ku-8: 00
Kuvaliwe ngomhla ka-Jan 1, Disemba 25

Ulwazi lwesiFulentshi Lwamathuna

Chemin du Mont de Lorette
Ablain-Saint-Nazaire
Vula ngoMashi 8 ekuseni ngo-5pm; Ngo-Ephreli, ngoMeyi 8 ekuseni ngo-6pm; Juni-Septemba 8 ekuseni kuya ku-7pm; Okthoba 8:30 am-5m; Nov-Feb 9 am-5:30pm
Izikhombisi Amathuna aphakathi kuka-Arras eningizimu neLens enyakatho empumalanga.

Isayinwe ku-N937.

Impi Yezwe Engaphezulu I-Memorials esifundeni

Kukhona amathuna amancane namakhulu amakhulu empi, amathuna abo ngesitayela esithile esithile sempi. Kukhona namathuna amancane aseFrance, eJalimane, eMelika, eCanada nasePoland lapha.