Ijele elidume kakhulu laseHanoi labanjwa iziboshwa ezimbili zaseVietnam naseMelika
Akukho okukulungiselela ukuthi i-Creepy Hoa Le Prison e- Hanoi, i-Vietnam ingaba kanjani. Ukuvakashela "Hanoi Hilton" kungabangela usizi, ukungcoliswa, futhi, ngokuya kwezombusazwe zakho, flavour ehlukene of intukuthelo.
Khohlwa mayelana ne "Hanoi Hilton" echazwe ngemininingwane egciniwe ngabasindile njengoJohn McCain noRobinson Risner, noma ama-movie afana neHanoi Hilton . Ukuboniswa kwejele kugxile ekuhluphekeni kwabavukeli baseVietnam ababevalelwe (futhi ngezinye izikhathi babulawa) lapha lapho amaFulentshi beyizikhulu zaseVietnam ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-20 leminyaka.
Lapho ama-POWs aseMelika enza ukubonakala, ahanjiswe njengokuhlanjululwa okuhlanzekile, aphathwe kabi futhi enza okuhle nabathumbi bawo - bonke ekamelweni elilodwa baqaphele ngokucophelela ngokulandelwa kwe-flight suit kaJohn McCain.
Noma kunjalo, i-Hoa Lo Prison ilungele ukuvakashelwa, uma nje ukuzwa okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-colonial njengoba i-Vietnamese ibona kufanelekile ukuyitshela, futhi ukuqagela ezindabeni ezingabonakaliswa izindonga ezingenalutho nezikhonkwane ekubonisweni okuvelele. Ukuhamba Ngosuku Lwanamuhla lweHanoi Hilton
Lokho okubonayo nge-Today's Day Hoa Lo empilweni empeleni kuyisigaba esincane esaseningizimu saso sonke isakhiwo sejele emuva kosuku; iningi lejele lidilizwe maphakathi nawo-1990 ukuze kulungiswe iHanoi Towers, ihhovisi elimhlophe nehhotela eliyinkimbinkimbi kangangokuthi lalizobe lihlehlise u-Ho Chi Minh.
Inkimbinkimbi yosuku lwanamuhla ingangena ngesango eHoa Lo Street, eyaziwa yiziboshwa zaseVietnam ngokuthi "uMlomo KaMonster".
Lo mnyango ubizwa ngamazwi e- Maison Centrale , noma "indlu ephakathi", i-French common euphmism yamajele asezindaweni. (Ijele laseConakry, iGuinea isaziwa ngokuthi i- Maison Centrale kuze kube yilolu suku.)
- Uhambo oluhamba phambili lokuhamba lwe-Hoa Lo Prison lungasetshenziswa lapha: Ukuvakashelwa kwe "Hanoi Hilton" - i-Infamous Hoa Lo Prison eHanoi, Vietnam .
Ukuhlola KuHanoi Hilton
I-Hoa Lo Lejele yakhiwe yiFrance phakathi kuka-1886 kuya ku-1901, yabuye yavuselelwa ngo-1913. Abaphathi bamaKoloni baseColonial bacabanga ukuthi bangenza isibonelo se-agitators baseVietnam sokuzimela, futhi iyiphi indlela engcono yokwenza lokho kunokusekela ijele ngqo maphakathi nomuzi?
Ukuhlala eHanoi Hilton kwakungekho upikinikini. Kusukela ngosuku olulodwa, uHoa Lo wayegcwele ngokweqile - ngenkathi amandla akhe amakhulu ayeyiziboshwa eziyi-600, ngaphezu kuka-2 000 bevalelwe ngaphakathi kwezindonga zawo ngo-1954.
Iziboshwa zaseHoa Lo zaziboshwe phansi futhi zazivame ukushaywa yizilindi. Ukugcinwa kwe "E" (okufanekiselwe ngenhla) kwakuboshwe iziboshwa zezombangazwe, ezaziboshwe endaweni yokuhlala futhi zihlelwe ngemigqa emibili. I-latrine ihlezi ekugcineni kwesibindi, ngokubuka ngokugcwele ezinye iziboshwa.
Ukubulawa kwaqhutshwa eHoa Lo Prison ngendlela ye-mobile guillotine, esasemnyango wecala lokufa.
Ngokungazi, amaFulentshi ayekhiye eHoa Lo okuyi-incubator ye-revolution. Iziboshwa zikaHaa Lo zazifunda ngoKhomanisi ngezwi lomlomo, futhi amanothi adluliselwa azungeze futhi aqoshwe ekhiwini elingabonakali elakhiwe emithonjeni yezokwelapha. Okungenani abaNobhala Jikelele abayisihlanu abazayo be-Vietnamese Communist Party bazothatha iminyaka yabo yokufundisa e-Hoa Lo Prison.
Ama-POW aseMelika eHanoi Hilton
Njengoba inqubomgomo yase-US yangaphandle iphendukela ku-Indochina, impi yokuphuza phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili zeVietnam esanda kuzimela izoguqula i-Hoa Lo Prison futhi.
UHulumeni waseKhomanisi waseHanoi owasekelwe eNyakatho yeVietnam wayehlose ukugcina iHoa Lo Prison njengesikhumbuzo sokuhlukunyezwa kwesiFulentshi. Kodwa izinombolo ezikhulayo zama-POWs aseMelika zidinga ushintsho lwezinhlelo.
Ejele le-Hoa Lo lamanje, ukuhlolwa kwe-American POW e-Hoa Lo ejele kuboniswa - kuhlanjululwa okwesibhakabhaka , empeleni - kubonakaliso ababili okwenziwe njengama-barracks akhululekile. Emuva ngalolo suku, le ndawo yayiyinkimbinkimbi "egumbini eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka", lapho iziboshwa ezintsha zacutshungulwa futhi zihlukunyezwa uma zingahambisani nazo. U-POW owayengumdala uJulius Jayroe utshela ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe okokuqala e-Blue Room:
"Ngathunyelwa eHanoi futhi ngethulwa ekamelweni elincane le-Knobby Blue endaweni engaphansi kweNew Guy Village yeHanoi Hilton (iHoa Lo Prison) engathandekayo. Ukulinganisa kwalobo busuku, ngosuku olulandelayo, nangobusuku obulandelayo, kukhuthazwa ukuhlushwa (okuqinile ama-cuffs, izindophi, ukushaywa) ngenxa yokwenqaba ukunikeza noma iyiphi imininingwane ngaphandle kwegama, i-rank, sn, ne-dob. "
Akukho lutho ku-Blue Room yanamuhla okufakazela ukuhlushwa okwenziwe ngaphakathi kwezindonga zawo; Kunalokho, izithombe ezibukeka zibonisa ama-POWs ahlanzekile-anqunyiwe okwenza isidlo saseKhisimusi, kanye neziboniso zomuntu siqu ezihlanjululwe iziboshwa.
Okuyiqiniso kweHanoi Hilton Told Otherwhere
Kuzodingeka uthole ingxenye yaseMelika yeHoa Lo Prison ezincwadini ezibhaliwe yizivakashi zangaphambili zeHanoi Hilton. I-POWs elandelayo eHoa Lo ekugcineni yabhala izincwadi ezikhuluma ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo.
U-Admiral James Stockdale wayegcinwe yedwa ejele eHoa Lo - wazilimaza ukuze avimbele isiVietnam ukuba amsebenzise njengethuluzi lokusakaza i-propaganda. Ngemva kokukhululwa ngo-1973, i-Admiral yakhipha i- Vietnam Experience: Iminyaka Eyishumi Yokuzindla ngeminyaka yakhe eHanoi Hilton.
UBrigadier Jikelele uRobinson Risner wayeyiPOW esezingeni eliphezulu e-Hoa Lo Prison. U-Risner wagcina ekukhipha isithombe sokuthi, The Passing of the Night: Iminyaka Yami Eyisikhombisa Njengesiboshwa SaseNyakatho Vietnamese , esichaza okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe njengesiboshwa sempi eHoa Lo.
USenin no-2008 uMengameli weRiphabliki uJohn McCain wadutshulwa phansi ngo-1967 futhi bavalelwa kuHaa Lo kusukela ngo-1967 kuya ku-1973. Ukulimala kwakhe nokulimala kwakungalungile, wayengalindelekile ukuba aphile, kodwa wangeniswa impilo ama-POWs ayekanye naye. UMcCain wabuyela emuva ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe uHoa Lo encwadini yakhe ethi Faith of My Fathers .
Ukuhlangenwe nakho kwe-American POW eHoa Lo Prison kuphefumulelwe i-movie I-Hanoi Hilton eyasebenzisa izingxoxo nama-POWs asekuqaleni njengemithombo yokulandelwa kwe-gory ukulandelwa kudutshulwa ku-ifilimu.
Ukufika eHanoi Hilton
Indlela elula yokufika eHoa Lo Prison ngetekisi - 1 Pho Hoa Lo ilungile ekhoneni laseFo Ha Ba Trung, eningizimu yeHoan Kiem Lake ngasemlonyeni wesiQu seFrance. Funda mayelana nokuthutha eHanoi, Vietnam .
Ijele livuliwe kusukela ngo-8: 00 kuya ku-5 ntambama, nsuku zonke ngesonto, ngekhefu lesidlo sasemini kusukela ngo-11: 30 ekuseni kuya ku-1: 30 ebusuku.